2022年高考英語 語法高考時態(tài)命題思路點撥教案

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1、2022年高考英語 語法高考時態(tài)命題思路點撥教案 時態(tài)的考查是高考的熱點，本文從以下三點根據(jù)最新高考試題幫助同學們進行分析點撥，希望能夠掌握好這一重要得分內(nèi)容。 一、高考時態(tài)題目的命題特點： 1．主要考查大綱要求的八種時態(tài)的形式和用法。試題中并未出現(xiàn)大綱之外的動詞時態(tài)形式。 2．時態(tài)的立意由簡單直接的“結構立意”轉向了“情景立意”。試題創(chuàng)設的語境明確，交際情景多是發(fā)生在學生學習或日常生活中的真是情況，這樣的情景設置實質上對語法知識、語義理解和語言交際能力的綜合考查，體現(xiàn)了高考試題由“知識立意”向“能力立意”的命題原則。 3．題干中的有效信息由外顯的轉向隱藏的，情景中沒有出現(xiàn)一處明

2、顯的時間信息。 4．試題的設問多以中學生普遍趕到難以把握的幾組時態(tài)來互相干擾，如現(xiàn)在完成式和一般過去式，現(xiàn)在完形式和過去完成式。 二、最新高考試題對時態(tài)的分類考查： 1.高考試題對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查 思路點撥：一般現(xiàn)在時前幾年并不是考查的重點，但是近幾年加強了對它的考查力度，它的主要考點主要在以下幾個方面：1）表示持久存在的動作、狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。2）表示永恒的真理和通訊工具的定時發(fā)送。3）時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代將來時。 4）表示對當前情況的描述，多用于口語。 【經(jīng)典考例】The house belongs to my aunt

3、 but she______ here any more. A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live 解析：答案為D。句意：這房子屬于我姨的，但是她（現(xiàn)在）不再住這兒了。根據(jù)句意應該用一般現(xiàn)在時。 【經(jīng)典考例】Look at the timetable. Hurry up!? Flight 4026?_____off at? 18:20. ? A. takes???????????? B. took?????? C. will be taken????? D. has ta

4、ke 解析：A?？禳c，4026航班在6；20起飛。飛機起飛，火車出發(fā)的時間都是按照計劃的，其時態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 2.高考試題對完成時態(tài)的考查 思路點撥：完成時態(tài)包括現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時以及過去完成進行時,其中現(xiàn)在完成時考查得較多。在出考查完成時的用法時,通常采用以下命題手段來設置語境: 1）. 給出明確的時間狀語。2）. 完成時態(tài)與被動語態(tài)相結合。3）.完成時態(tài)與主謂一致相結合。4）和其它時態(tài)如一般過去時、一般現(xiàn)在時等作對比。這樣的試題完全沒有時間狀語,一定要對比其它時態(tài)去確定用哪一種完成時態(tài)。 【經(jīng)典考例】I was giving a talk to a lar

5、ge group of people, the same talk I _____ to half a dozen other groups. A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given 解析：C 本題主要考查動詞時態(tài)的用法。顯然give (the same talk) to half a dozen other groups 發(fā)生在I was giving a talk to a large group of people 之前，所以應該用過去完成時態(tài)。判斷是否用過去完成時關鍵看動作是否發(fā)

6、生在另外一個已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作之前。 【經(jīng)典考例】The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ______ before. A. hasn't flown B. didn't fly C. hadn't flown D. wasn't flying 解析：答案為C。該題考查動詞時態(tài)。動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時。 3.高考試題對進行時態(tài)的考查 思路點撥：進行時態(tài)分為現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時,進行時態(tài)在高考試題中出現(xiàn)的頻率也很高。一般會給出具體、

7、鮮活的語境去考查考生運用進行時態(tài)的能力,很少會給出像at the moment, at this time last night這樣明確的時間狀語。一般會以對話的形式來出這類試題。 【經(jīng)典考例】I??______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident?______ A. went; was occurring????????????? B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred???????????????D. was going; had occurred

8、解析：答案為C。句意：我正沿著街道尋找一個停車的地方，突然事故發(fā)生了。 【經(jīng)典考例】Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ________. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 解析：答案為B。這里飛機起飛的進行時態(tài)表示將來的意思。飛機就要起飛了，請系好安全帶。 4.高考試題對一般過去時的考查 思路點撥：一般過去時一直是時態(tài)測試的考查熱點,很受的青睞。在出有關一般過去時的試題時,一般不

9、會在題干中給出明確的表示過去的時間狀語,而是通過語境中的關鍵詞確定時態(tài)背景,考查考生靈活運用時態(tài)知識的能力。能夠反映時態(tài)背景的關鍵詞可以是連詞,如before, when等,或者像now這類表示與過去對比的時間副詞,或者是表示時間的名詞作先行詞,要求據(jù)此判斷定語從句的時態(tài)。 【經(jīng)典考例】My cousin went to Canada two yours ago．He——there for a few months and then went to America． A．worked B．would work C．would be working D.has been

10、 working 解析：答案為A。本題考查時態(tài)。因為work 可以是延續(xù)動詞，因此后面可以跟時間段，故答案為A，選用一般過去時態(tài)。 【經(jīng)典考例】Only then ___________how much damage had been caused. A. she realized?????? B. she had realized C. had she realized??? D. did she realize 解析：答案為D。以“only +狀語”開頭的句子要用倒裝。根據(jù)“then”可知應該用一般過去時。 5.高考試題對將來時態(tài)的考察 思路點撥：將來時態(tài)包括一般將來時以

11、及過去將來時,高考試題中偶爾會涉及到它們的用法。在出有關將來時的試題時,有時會給出與將來時連用的時間狀語,有時結合句型去考查,有時也沒有時間狀語。 【經(jīng)典考例】To a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being he

12、ld 解析： A本題考查了定語從句中動詞時態(tài)的用法。some workers were busily setting the table說明了聚會還沒有舉行,所以用was to be held 表示“聚會將會被舉行”。而且B、C、D在時態(tài)上都不正確。 【經(jīng)典考例】I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he ______home for dinner. A. e B. es C. has e

13、 D. will e 解析：答案為D。在賓語從句中，也要根據(jù)題意進行時態(tài)的選擇，本句子的意思是：我想確定他是否要來吃飯，要用將來時。 三、總結指導： 1．一定要吃透語境,抓住語境中的關鍵詞去分析判斷,同時還要能深刻領悟使用各種時態(tài)的場合及其含義,所以考生要能區(qū)別幾種容易混淆的時態(tài)。 2．考生做有關進行時態(tài)的試題,應該從分析語境入手,確定時態(tài)背景。要搞清楚時態(tài)背景是發(fā)生在過去還是現(xiàn)在,再結合時態(tài)的各種用法去分析。 3．做有關時態(tài)的試題,首先要熟悉時態(tài)的含義、與之連用的時間狀語,然后要結合語境去分析。若有時間狀語,抓住關鍵信息就可得出最佳答案。若沒有時間狀語,就要根據(jù)上下文中其

14、他句子的時態(tài)去分析 4．學習動詞的時態(tài)時，且不可脫離實際運用的語言，一味死記硬背語法規(guī)則的條條框框。 5．答題時，研讀題干，搜索處盡可能多的“時間參照信息”，尤其是動詞冗余信息中的時間信息。 【鞏固精練】 1.He stepped into the office, _____down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it 2.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far. A .haven’t he

15、ard B. didn’t hear C. hadn’t heard D. won’t hear 3.When I got to the cinema, the film____ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was 4.I’ll go with you as soon as I ____my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished 5.If it _____tomorrow, I won’t go to t

16、he cinema. A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained 6.She is going to be a nurse when she _____up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew 7.下列四句是“這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個月了。”的英譯文，哪一種不對？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I have bought this book for three months. C.I bought this book t

17、hree months ago. D. It is three months since I bought this book. 8.—Have you moved into the new house? —No yet, the rooms_____, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 9.—Do you know our town at all? —No, this is the first time I _____here. A. was B. ha

18、ve been C. came D. am ing 10.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 11.—Can I join the club, Dad? —You can when you ____a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 12.—_____the sports meet might be

19、put off. —Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D.I told 13.You don’t need to describe her, I____ her many times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 14.I don’t think Jim saw me; he ____into space. A. just stared B. was is staring C. has just stared D

20、. had just stared 15.—Who is Jerry Cooper? —_____?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you meet him yet C. Didn't’ you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet 答案與簡析： 1.選C。該句的含義是“他走進辦公室，坐下來然后開始填表”。根據(jù)前面的stepped into the office后面的began to fill in

21、the forms這兩個動作能夠推斷出，sat與他們是一個主語發(fā)出的三個并列動作，故形式應一致，也用一般過去式。 2.選A。 3.選C。在這個時間狀語從句中，主句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在從句謂語動作之前，即“電影開演了十分鐘”在“到達電影院”之前，故主句謂語動詞應該用過去完成時，又因為begin這個動作無法延續(xù)，所以用be動詞加上副詞on來表示動作的延續(xù)。 4.選B。當主句是一般將來時，條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 5.選B。 6.選B。 7.選B?，F(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句和段時間狀語連用時必須用持續(xù)性動詞。本題A、B兩句都是現(xiàn)在完成時肯定句，而且都有

22、時間狀語。have是持續(xù)性動詞，而buy是瞬時性動詞，所以A對，B不對。C、D兩種譯法采用一般過去式，其兩種說說法也都是正確的，請同學們注意這種表達方法。 8.選A。答話中的not yet，說明沒搬入新房的原因是“房間正在被粉刷?！庇矛F(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。 9.B。It/This is+序數(shù)詞+time+ that的句型中，that從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 10.選B。soon這一信息詞告訴考生應選擇將來時。且主句的謂語動詞是made,故用過去將來時。全句意思是：“當他表明不久將離任時，我們都覺得吃驚?！? 11.A 12. 選A。原題中的it all depends on the w

23、eather這一信息句可告訴考生，應用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。 13.選B。強調過去的動作“見過她”對現(xiàn)在的影響“不必再描述她了”，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 14.選B。這句話可理解為I don’t think Jim saw me at that time, because at that time, he was just staring into space. stare既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞，意思“凝視，盯著看”。 15.選D。從“Who is Jerry Cooper?”可知，填D項。因為，現(xiàn)在完成時，指發(fā)生在過去的事（下文已告之）與上文一般現(xiàn)在時有聯(lián)系。