2020屆高考英語一輪練習 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 新人教版必修1（廣東專版）

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1、一、語法填空　專題訓練(一) 巧用派生詞，做好語法填空(5) ◆ 技巧點撥 要做好高考語法填空題中的詞語派生題，關鍵是掌握詞語搭配關系，然后將所給單詞變成該搭配所需要的形式。因此，請理解并牢記下表內(nèi)容。 句子成分 概念描述 所處語境 適用詞類 主語 什么人或什么事、動作的發(fā)出者 句子最前面，冠詞、物主代詞、some，any，other等不定代詞后 名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞 賓語 動作的對象、承受者 及物動詞或介詞后，冠詞、物主代詞、some，any，other等不定代詞后 謂語 表明主語干什么或是什么 主語后 動詞 表語 說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)

2、系動詞后 形容詞、名詞、少數(shù)副詞、介詞短語非謂語動詞 補足語 補充說明主語或賓語 賓語或被動式謂語后 定語 修飾或限定名詞或代詞 名詞前，something等不定代詞后 形容詞 狀語 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子 動詞前后，形容詞或副詞前，句首或句末。 副詞 ◆ 活學活用 (一)閱讀下面短文，用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空 A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his __1__(month) bill when his young son rushed in and announ

3、ced，“Dad，because this is your birthday and you are 55 years old，I'm going to give you 55 kisses，one for each year！” But the father exclaimed，“Oh，Peter，don't do it now.I'm too busy！” The boy immediately fell __2__(silence) as tears rolled down from his big blue eyes.__3__(apologize) the father said，

4、“You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but __4__(quiet) walked away，__5__ (disappoint) written over his face.That evening the father said，“Come and finish the kisses now，Peter！” But the boy didn't respond.__6__(fortunate)，the boy had an accident and was drowned.His heartbroken father wrote，“I

5、f only I could tell him how much I regret my __7__(thought) words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a two-way street.Any loving act must be __8__(warm) accepted or it will be taken as __9__(reject) and can leave a scar.Nothing is more __10__(importance) than r

6、esponding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. (二)語法填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。 Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy.Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and have more respectable jobs.But in

7、the executive(主管的) circle，__1__ can become a disadvantage. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder，it is __2__(harm) to a woman.Handsome male executives are considered having more honesty than plainer men；effort and ability usually lead__3__their succe

8、ss.Attractive female executives are considered to have less honesty than unattractive__4__；people do not connect their success with ability __5__with factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives are thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives.H

9、owever，interestingly，the rise of the unattractive overnight successes__6__(connect) more to personal relationships and less to ability. Attractive women are not thought to be able.This is true even in politics.Anne Bowman，a writer，__7__recently made a study，asked 125 undergraduate students to rank

10、two groups of photographs，one of men and one of women，in order of attractiveness.And then the students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices.They were asked to rank them again，in the order they would vote__8__them.The results showed that attractive males__9__(complete) d

11、efeated unattractive men，but the women __10__(rank) most attractive by the students unchangeably received the fewest votes. 二、完形填空 (2020;2020年全國Ⅱ卷)閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool.A letter can be enjoyed，read an

12、d__1__.It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart (遠離的)；it can keep a friendship with very little effort. I will give __2__.A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting __3__ well.We had been close as __4__but had grown apart.Our meetings were not pleasant；our convers

13、ation was filled with arguments and quarrels，and every effort to clear the air seemed to only__5__our misunderstanding.Then he moved to a small island in the Caribbean and we __6__touch.One day he wrote me a letter.He described his island and its people，told me what he was doing，said how he felt，and

14、 encouraged me to __7__.Rereading the letter，I was __8__by its humor(幽默)and clever expressions.These were all qualities for which I had __9__respected my older brother but thought he no longer had them.I had never known he could write so__10__.And with that one letter we became friends again. It mi

15、ght never have occurred to __11__to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no__12__.For him，writing was a necessity.It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch.Because we live in an age of __13__ communication(通訊)，people often __14__ that they don't always have

16、 to phone or email.They have a__15__.And that is to write. 1．A.received　　　　　　　　B．rewritten C．returned D．reread 2．A.an example B．a(chǎn) lesson C．a(chǎn)n experience D．a(chǎn) talk 3．A.through B．together C．a(chǎn)long D．a(chǎn)way 4．A.brothers

17、 B．children C．fellows D．classmates 5．A.deepen B．start C．express D．settle 6．A.lost B．kept in C．needed D．got in 7．A.think B．write C．enjoy D．read 8．A.driven

18、 B．beaten C．surprised D．honored 9．A.never B．seldom C．sometimes D．once 10．A.well B．often C．much D．soon 11．A.us B．a(chǎn)nyone C．someone D．my brother 12．A.mail services

19、 B．transport services C．phones D．relative 13．A.poor B．easy C．popular D．busy 14．A.believe B．decide C．a(chǎn)rgue D．forget 15．A.habit B．choice C．method D．plan 三、閱讀

20、理解　專題訓練(一) 閱讀中的猜詞技巧(5) 對比法 ◆ 方法點撥 有的文章作者為了增強表達效果，會用一對反義詞揭示事物的不同點，形成鮮明的對比，這時只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義；有時根據(jù)上下句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P系的連接詞，就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。這種句子多半有unlike，although，but，yet，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，instead of，rather than等信息詞。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的意義。如： (1)Is he intellige

21、nt or stupid? (2)Unlike his brother，who is truly a handsome person，Hogertty is quite homely. 1．解析：根據(jù)stupid可推斷出intelligent的意思為“聰明的”。 答案：聰明的 2．解析：此句中的unlike一詞暗示了Hogertty和他的兄弟的長相不同，他的兄弟是個handsome(英俊的)人，所以Hogertty一定是一個homely (不英俊)的人。 答案：不英俊的 ◆ 活學活用 (一)利用上述猜測詞義方法，猜出下列各句劃線部分的意思 1．Unlike the Unite

22、States where many different nationalities make up the population，Japan's population is quite homogeneous. 2．Any fool can make soap，but it takes a genius to sell it. 3．Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest. 4．A good supervisor ca

23、n recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones. 5．Mother was tall，fat and middle-aged.The principal of the school was an older woman，almost as plump as mother，and much shorter.(　　) A．healthy　　　　　　B．thin C．slim D．fat (二)閱讀下列短文，按要求完成讀寫任務 How to Be a Winner Sir Steven Redgrave

24、 Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病)．Believing my career(職業(yè)生涯)was over，I felt extremely low.Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing.That was it ——the encouragement I needed.I could still be a win

25、ner if I believed in myself.I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes.But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet.Nothing is to stand in my way.” Karen Pickering Swimming World Champion “I swim 4 hours a day,6 days a week.I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top

26、of my diary.This is the key to success——you can't follow a career in any field without being well-organized.List what you believe you can achieve.Trust yourself，write down your goals for the day，however small they are，and you'll be a step closer to achieving them.” Kirsten Best Poet &Writer “When

27、 things are getting hard，a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something.Then，there are other distractions，such as family or hobbies.The key is to concentrate.When I feel tense，it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’，‘peace’ or ‘focus’，either out loud or silently in my mind.It m

28、akes me feel more in control and increases my confidence.This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的)tool.” Ⅰ.根據(jù)短文，寫一篇30詞左右的摘要 ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ.根據(jù)所讀短文，選擇正確答案 1．What does Sir Steven Redgra

29、ve mainly talk about? A．Difficulties influenced his career. B．Specialists offered him medical advice. C．Training helped him defeat his disease. D．He overcame the shadow of illness to win. 2．What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary? A．Her training schedule. B．Her daily happenings. C．

30、Her achievements. D．Her sports career. 3．What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to? A．Ways that help one to focus. B．Words that help one to feel less tense. C．Activities that turn one's attention away. D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax. 4．According to the passag

31、e，what do the three people have in common? A．Courage. B．Devotion. C．Hard work. D．Self-confidence. 5．The author writes the passage to ________. A．tell us some interesting stories B．tell us how he became successful C．introduce some practical ways to help succeed D．persuade us to make ourselve

32、s known by others 參考答案 (一) 1．Monthly 　 2.silent 　3.Apologetically 4．quietly　 5.disappointment　 6.Unfortunately　 7.thoughtless　 8.warmly 9．rejection　 10.important (二) 1．解析：it指上文提到的美貌，在管理層，美貌可能會是一種不利條件。 答案：it 2．解析：雖然吸引人的外表對男人晉職是有利因素，但對女人卻是有害的。 答案：

33、harmful 3．解析：lead to：導致。 答案：to 4．解析：代替前面的 female executives。 答案：ones 5．解析：not...but...是固定句型，表示不是……而是……，人們不是把漂亮女人的成功與能力聯(lián)系在一起，而是將其與運氣聯(lián)系在一起。 答案：but 6．解析：be connected to是固定詞組，表示 “與……相連”。 答案：is connected 7．解析：關系代詞引導定語從句。 答案：who 8．解析：vote for 投票贊成。 答案：for 9．解析：漂亮男人完全徹底擊敗了不漂亮的男人。 答案：completel

34、y 10．解析：過去分詞短語作定語。 答案：ranked 二、 1．解析：從下文的rereading the letter 可知此處用reread，表示好的私人信件經(jīng)得起反復咀嚼，欣賞。 答案：D 2．解析：give an example：舉例說明。 答案：A 3．解析：get along表示相處，此處說作者兄弟兩相處得不好。 答案：C 4．解析：從上下文可知，兄弟倆小時候關系親密，長大了就疏遠了。 答案：B 5．解析：每次努力的結(jié)果都只是 “加深”彼此之間的誤解。 答案：A 6．解析：哥哥搬走了，兄弟倆失去了聯(lián)系。 答案：A 7．解析：哥哥鼓勵作者寫信。 答

35、案：B 8．解析：重讀哥哥的信，作者很 “吃驚”地發(fā)現(xiàn)他哥哥的信寫得那么幽默。 答案：C 9．解析：作者曾經(jīng)因為哥哥的幽默和機智的表達而非常尊敬哥哥，可后來他以為哥哥不再具備這些優(yōu)秀素質(zhì)。 答案：D 10．解析：作者從不知道哥哥可以寫得那么好。 答案：A 11．解析：從上下文可知，作者的哥哥如果不是因為他去了一個沒有電話的地方，是不會想到要寫信的。 答案：D 12．解析：解釋同上。 答案：C 13．解析：easy communication：通訊方便。 答案：B 14．解析：由于通訊方便，人們忘記了并不一定總要打電話。 答案：D 15．解析：還有更好的辦法：這就是

36、寫信。 答案：C 三、 (一) 1．解析：與many different nationalities相反，故為“單一民族的”。 答案：單一民族的 2．解析：由but可知genius是與fool(蠢才)相對的，由此推測其意為“有才能的人”、“天才”。 答案：有才能的人，天才 3．解析：in contrast 提醒我們supercilious與 humble and modest是對比關系，由此可以猜出其意義。 答案：目空一切，傲慢的 4．解析：通讀全句不難看出，說話者是把熟練工人與非熟練工人進行對比，由此可知adept的詞義是“熟練的”。 答案：熟練的 5．解析：作者把學

37、校的校長和他的母親相比，其中older對應middle-aged，shorter對應tall，所以plump對應fat。 答案：D (二) Ⅰ The author shows us the successful stories of three persons，telling us that the key to success is self-confidence，strong determination，well-organized work，diligence and devotion to what you are doing. Ⅱ 1．解析：第一部分寫到Sir Steven患了糖尿病，但他克服病痛，獲得金牌，D最合題意。 答案：D 2．解析：第二段第一句中it指代前面內(nèi)容，即她的訓練計劃。 答案：A 3．解析：從there are other distractions，such as family or hobbies.The key is to concentrate可知distraction與concentrate表示相反意義，故distraction意為“分散注意力的活動”。 答案：C 4．D　5.C