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1、熱點(三)等差、等比數(shù)列1(等差數(shù)列的項和項數(shù)的關系)設數(shù)列an,bn都是等差數(shù)列,且a125,b175,a2b2100,則a37b37等于()A0 B37C100 D37答案:C解析:an,bn都是等差數(shù)列,anbn也是等差數(shù)列a1b12575100,a2b2100,anbn的公差為0.a37b37100,故選C.2(等比數(shù)列的項數(shù)和項的關系)已知等比數(shù)列an中,a22,a68,則a3a4a5()A64 B64C32 D16答案:B解析:由等比數(shù)列的性質可知a2a6a16,而a2,a4,a6同號,所以a44,所以a3a4a5a64,故選B.3(求數(shù)列的項)已知是等差數(shù)列,且a11,a44,則
2、a10()A BC. D.答案:A解析:由題意得1,所以等差數(shù)列的公差d,由此可得1(n1),因此,所以a10.故選A.4(項和項數(shù)的關系)若等差數(shù)列an的前n項和為Sn,且滿足a2S34,a3S512,則a4S7的值是()A20 B36C24 D72答案:C解析:由得解得a4S78a124d24.故選C.5(項和項數(shù)的關系)已知正項等比數(shù)列an,若a1a20100,那么a7a14的最小值為()A20 B25C50 D不存在答案:A解析:(a7a14)2aa2a7a144a7a144a1a20400(當且僅當a7a1410時等號成立),a7a1420.故選A.6(等比數(shù)列前n項和)數(shù)列an的前
3、n項和為Sn,且Sn4nb(b是常數(shù),nN*),若這個數(shù)列是等比數(shù)列,則b等于()A1 B0C1 D4答案:A解析:等比數(shù)列an中,當公比q1時,SnqnAqnA,Sn4nb,b1.故選A.7(等差數(shù)列前n項和)記Sn為等差數(shù)列an的前n項和若3S3S2S4,a12,則a5()A12 B10C10 D12答案:B解析:32a1d4a1d9a19d6a17d3a12d062d0d3,所以a5a14d24(3)10.故選B.8(等差數(shù)列和的性質)等差數(shù)列an的前n項和為Sn,若S1122,則a3a7a8()A18 B12C9 D6答案:D解析:解法一由題意得S1122,即a15d2,所以a3a7a
4、8a12da16da17d3(a15d)6,故選D.解法二因為S1111a622,所以a62,所以a3a7a8a12da16da17d3(a15d)3a66,故選D.9(和的最值問題)等差數(shù)列an的公差d0,且aa,則數(shù)列an的前n項和Sn取得最大值時的項數(shù)n是()A9 B10C10或11 D11或12答案:C解析:由d0,得a1a21,又aa,a1a210,a110,故選C.10(等比數(shù)列和的性質)設Sn是等比數(shù)列an的前n項和,若3,則()A2 B.C. D1或2答案:B解析:設S2k,則S43k,由數(shù)列an為等比數(shù)列(易知數(shù)列an的公比q1),得S2,S4S2,S6S4為等比數(shù)列,又S2
5、k,S4S22k,S6S44k,S67k,故選B.11(項和項數(shù)的關系)已知數(shù)列an是等比數(shù)列,且a22,a5,則a1a2a2a3anan1()A16(14n) B16(12n)C.(14n) D.(12n)答案:C解析:設an的公比為q,因為等比數(shù)列an中,a22,a5,所以q3,所以q.由等比數(shù)列的性質,易知數(shù)列anan1為等比數(shù)列,其首項為a1a28,公比為q2,所以a1a2a2a3anan1為數(shù)列anan1的前n項和所以a1a2a2a3anan1(14n),故選C.12(等差性質向量共線)已知數(shù)列(an為等差數(shù)列,且滿足a1a2 017,若(R),點O為直線BC外一點,則a1 009(
6、)A3 B2C1 D.答案:D解析:數(shù)列an為等差數(shù)列,滿足a1a2 017,由(R)得A,B,C在一條直線上,又O為直線BC外一點,a1a2 0171,數(shù)列an是等差數(shù)列,2a1 009a1a2 0171,a1 009.故答案為D.13(等差數(shù)列和的性質)記Sn為等差數(shù)列an的前n項和若a4a524,S648,則an的公差為_答案:4解析:設an的公差為d,則由得解得d4.14(等比數(shù)列前n項和)已知等比數(shù)列an的前n項和為Sn,且Snm2n13,則m_.答案:6解析:當n1時,a1S1m3,當n2時,anSnSn1m2n2,a2m,a32m,又aa1a3,m2(m3)2m,整理得m26m0,則m6或m0(舍去)15(項和項數(shù)的關系)在正項等比數(shù)列an中,已知a1a2a34,a4a5a612,an1anan1324,則n_.答案:14解析:設數(shù)列an的公比為q,由a1a2a34aq3與a4a5a612aq12,可得q93,又an1anan1aq3n3324,所以q3n68134q36,所以n14.16(項和項數(shù)的關系)已知數(shù)列an的首項為1,數(shù)列bn為等比數(shù)列且bn,若b10b112,則a21_.答案:1 024解析:b1a2,b2,a3b2a2b1b2.b3,a4b1b2b3,anb1b2b3bn1,a21b1b2b3b20(b10b11)102101 024.5