考研英語二真題及答案()

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1、 2021考研英語二真題及答案 2021年全國考研考試剛剛落下帷幕，筆者在此特意準(zhǔn)備了2021考研英語二真題及答案，希望能對廣闊考生朋友有一定的幫助，以下為2021考研英語二真題及答案： Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (

2、10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2021, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years. The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva tha

3、t convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild sym

4、ptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2021, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,

5、 cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2021, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the

6、 samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&0 1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national st

7、ockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2021, though most of those initial doses were o

8、f the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and health

9、y young people. Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension 1 Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text1 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on

10、 a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever〞, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2021 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids

11、, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,

12、 a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks

13、 and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away

14、from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2021. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $

15、200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time exper

16、ts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.〞 What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the

17、market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2021 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the

18、 biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. 21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst’s sal

19、e was referred to as “a last victory〞because ____-. 2 A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryies B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D.it was successfully made just before the world finan

20、cial crisis 22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable〞(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ . A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C.art collection as a fashio

21、n had lost its appeal to a great extent D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture? A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2021. B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum

22、. C.The market generally went downward in various ways. D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____ A.auction houses ‘ favorites B.contemporary trends C.factors promoting artwork circulation D.styles representing impression

23、ists 25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___ A.Fluctuation of Art Prices B.Up-to-date Art Auctions C.Art Market in Decline 3 D.Shifted Interest in Arts Text2 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women’s group that had invited men to

24、 join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly co

25、ncurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She’s the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It’s true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t keep the conversation going we’d spend th

26、e whole evening in silence." This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the lat

27、e ‘70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to milli

28、ons of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than

29、 their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn’t listen to me" "He doesn’t talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and for

30、emost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back o

31、f it wanting to talk. 26.What is most wives’ main expectation of their husbands? A.Talking to them. B.Trusting them. C.Supporting their careers. D. Shsring housework. 27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc〞(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ . A generating motivation. 4

32、 B.exerting influence C.causing damage Dcreating pressure 28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______ A.men tend to talk more in public tan women B.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation C.women attach much importance to communication between couples Da f

33、emale tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ? A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists . B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities. C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from th

34、eir marriage. D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different. 30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______ A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon C.other possible re

35、asons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker Txet3 over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when c

36、ustomers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. 5 “There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s

37、habits,〞 Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.〞 The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consum

38、ers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines. If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric

39、 softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often w

40、ith Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands. A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by ad

41、olescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup. “Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patt

42、erns,〞 said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products comm

43、ercially viable.〞 Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used

44、 to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. 31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________. [A] should be further cultivated [B] should be changed gradually [C] are deepiy rooted in history [D] are basically private concerns 32.Bottled water,chewing gun and sk

45、in moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____ 6 [A] reveal their impact on people’habits [B] show the urgent need of daily necessities [C]indicate their effect on people’buying power [D]manifest the significant role of good habits 33.which of the following does NOT belong to p

46、roducts that help create people’s habits? [A]Tide [B]Crest [C]Colgate [D]Unilver 34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____ [A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation [C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments 35.the author’sa

47、ttitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____ [A]indifferent [B]negative [C]positive [D]biased Text4 Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications

48、 of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entit

49、led to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and 7 not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing the

50、mselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Althoug

51、h the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

52、 The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury

53、 duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s. In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service

54、Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended

55、the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors. 36.From the principles of

56、 theUS jury system,welearn that ______ [A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries [B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers [C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service [D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public 37.The practice of selecting so—called el

57、ite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____ [A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws [B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races [C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures 38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____ 8 [A]they were

58、 automatically banned by state laws [B]they fell far short of the required qualifications [C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties [D]they tended to evade public engagement 39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___ [A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitut

59、ional and had to be abolished [B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors [C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community [D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system 40.in discussing the US jury

60、 system,the text centers on_______ [A]its nature and problems [B]its characteristics and tradition [C]its problems and their solutions [D]its tradition and development Section Ⅲ Translation 46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your transl

61、ation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points) “Suatainability〞 has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though

62、 everyday action and choice. Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency. It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,〞 says Ning, whose

63、 dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had 9 no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’〞

64、 翻譯參考 “堅(jiān)持不懈〞如今已成一個(gè)流行詞匯，但對TedNing而言，這個(gè)概念一直有個(gè)人含義，經(jīng)歷了一段痛苦松懈的個(gè)人生活，使他清楚面向以堅(jiān)持不懈為導(dǎo)向的價(jià)值觀，必須貫徹到每天的行動(dòng)和選擇中。 Ning回憶起20世紀(jì)90年代末期賣保險(xiǎn)的那段迷茫時(shí)光，他通過蓬勃興起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)瘋狂地找工作，并且與Boulder代理機(jī)構(gòu)簽了約。 事情進(jìn)展并不順利，TedNing說到：“那真是個(gè)糟糕的選擇，因?yàn)槲覍Υ藳]有激情，〞可以預(yù)料，他把工作中的矛盾能解釋為沒有業(yè)務(wù)。Ning說：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起來盯著天花板，我沒錢，我需要工作，每個(gè)人都說‘等吧，只要有耐心會好轉(zhuǎn)的?！? 47. Directions:

65、You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to 1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception; 2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do

66、not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei〞 instead. Do not write your address. (10 points) Dear xxx, I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA. Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I g