專題1 定語從句和名詞性從句

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1、專題一 定語從句和名詞性從句 一，各從句概念及特點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析： 名稱 定義 特點(diǎn) 定語從句 修飾限定名詞或代詞的從句 跟在名詞或代詞之后 名 詞 性 從 句 主從 主句中作主語的從句 引導(dǎo)詞在句首或前有it 從句在后 表從 主句中作表語的從句 跟在系動(dòng)詞詞之后 賓從 主句中作賓語的從句 跟在動(dòng)詞或介詞之后 同位語從句 主句中作同位語的從句 跟在抽象名詞之后說明其內(nèi)容 二，各從句引導(dǎo)詞對(duì)比簡(jiǎn)析： 從句成分不完整（引導(dǎo)詞主要作主語賓語） 從句成分完整（引導(dǎo)詞作狀語） 定

2、 語 從 句 指人：that, who, whom. 指物：that, which. 表所屬關(guān)系： whose（作定語） as：主要在非限中指代整個(gè)主句。 指地點(diǎn)及抽像化地點(diǎn)where 指時(shí)間：when 指原因：why 介詞 + which / whom 名詞/代詞+of+which/whom 名 詞 性 從 句 指事物：what, which 指 人：who, whom 表所屬關(guān)系：whose that, （無詞義） if / whether (是否), as if (好像，引導(dǎo)表語從句) when, where, how, wh

3、y. 區(qū) 別 1、that在定從中作成份，在名從中不作成份，且不翻譯。 2、what, how只用于名從；as只用于定從。 3、在名從中，whether和if同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，首選whether。 4、which在名從中譯為“哪一（個(gè)）”。 5、在名從中，“wh”詞加“ever”意思變?yōu)椤盁o論 …”。 三，定名從解題兩步法：1）判斷從句成分是否完整，排除一部分選項(xiàng)。 2）定語從句看先行詞做最終選擇，名詞性從句看題意做最終選擇。 四，注意特殊問題。 1），定語從句中that的兩用兩不用原則：兩用：1）先行詞是最高級(jí)，序數(shù)

4、詞，不定代詞或有人有物時(shí)；2）先行詞被以上詞或the only/the very/the last修飾時(shí)；兩不用：1）在非限制性定語從句中不用that；2）關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后不用that； 2），在定語從句中，當(dāng)that/which/who/whom做從句賓語的時(shí)候，可省略。在賓語從句中，that可省略。其他情況下，只要是從句必須要有引導(dǎo)詞。 3），定從中用“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，介詞根據(jù)先行詞和從句之間搭配來確定。 如：He is the boy with whom I played yesterday.(搭配：I played with the boy ye

5、sterday.) 4)，定語從句中先行詞是the way 且從句完整時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞有that/in which/省略。 5），定語從句中where/when/why可以用“介詞+which/whom”代替。 如：this is the room where I lived=This is the room in which I lived.=This si the room that/which/省略 I lived in. 6) ，定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別： （1）定語從句可以修飾任何名詞或代詞，而同位語從句只能跟在抽象名詞之后。常用抽象名詞有：fac

6、t, feeling, idea, news, hope, belief, thought, truth, doubt, suggestion, warning, reason, question, possibility，decision，promise等。（2）定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的修飾限定。而同位語從句只是對(duì)抽象名詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。如：This is the news that he is a robber.(同位語從句)。This is the news that he told me.(定語從句)。 7） ，名詞性從句中whether和if的區(qū)別。 （1）whether在

7、名從中通用，無限制。 （2）if只用于賓語從句中。（但當(dāng)賓語從句跟在介詞或discuss之后、從句中有or not或 者與to do連用，也只能用whether。） (3) whether.......or......可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，if可表“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 8） doubt后的從句：在肯定句中，用if/whether。否定句中用that。疑問句中用that。 9） 疑問詞+ever：(無論........可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和讓步狀語從句)，no matter+疑問詞：（無 論........，只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。） 10）名詞性從句中的特定句型

8、 1）主語從句：用it 作形式主語的句型 A,It + be + adj.//n. +主語從句 It is natural // important // necessary // surprising // strange // funny + that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用 (should) + do // be done 的形式 B, It + be +announced/believed/expected/hoped/decided/reported/said/shown +主語從句 It is requested that Miss Wang (sh

9、ould) give a speech at the meeting. C,It (so) + happened +主語從句 It happened that I was out that day. D, It + matters //mattered (much//little) +主語從句 It matters much whether you are determined or not if you want to succeed. E,It + doesn’t//didn’t matter +主語從句 It doesn’t matter whether we have mo

10、ney or not.. F,It + seems//seemed (to sb) + adj.//n. + 主語從句 It seems to me quite strange that he should be so rude to his classmates. G, It + depends +主語從句 It depends whether we can do it with fewer workers and less money. H, It is no wonder + that主語從句 It is no wonder that he got high marks in

11、 the exam. R,It makes no // little // great … difference +主語從句 It made great difference whether he would come to my birthday party or not. 2）賓語從句：用it 作形式賓語的句型 J, make// find// feel // think // consider // believe // suppose +it + adj. // n. +賓語從句 I think it wrong that the young don’t respect th

12、e old. K, 主語 + hate /dislike/ depend on + it +賓語從句 I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. L take it for granted that......... I will appreciate it if you.......... When it coms to........... 3）表語從句： M,It looks/looked as if-clause It looks as if // as though someone we

13、re running after her now. N,It seems//seemed that-clause It seems that he is very disappointed. O,It appears//appeared as if/that-clause It appeared that he could do everything possible to help the poor. 4) 同位語從句： P, have no idea +同位語從句 Sorry, I really have no idea where she lives.

14、 Q, have an idea + that引導(dǎo)同位語從句 I have an idea that she won’t leave me whatever happens. R, there is no need// no doubt + that引導(dǎo)同位語從句 There is no need that you worry about his safety, you see, he is a big boy now. There is no doubt that he is devoted to you. S, Word ca

15、me +that引導(dǎo)同位語從句 Word came that the playground in our school would be replaced by a gym. T，the story goes that....... （一）單項(xiàng)選擇： 1.（咸陽市啟迪中學(xué)2012第二次月考12）．I always dream of living in a world there is no trouble. A．who B．where C．in that D．W

16、hich 2.（咸陽市啟迪中學(xué)2012第二次月考19）．Actually, girls can be they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, a soldier or an official. A．wherever B．however C．whatever D．Whoever 3.（西安中學(xué)高2012屆第三次月考14）. ---Are you still thinking about today’s football game ? --- Oh, that’s ______. A. when

17、I feel excited B. what makes me feel excited C. how I feel excited about it D. whatever I feel excited about 4.（西安中學(xué)高2012屆第三次月考20）. He said he could solve the problem, ________ I found impossible. A. but B. while C. which D. what 5.(西安音樂學(xué)院附中201

18、2屆高三月考17). I have reached a point in my life ____ I should make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. Why 6.(鐵一中2011屆高三二模16.) – Can you tell me ___________? – An engineer from Jinan Iron and Steel Plants. A. what your friend is

19、 B. who your friend is C. what is your friend D. who is your friend 7.(鐵一中2011屆高三二模19）. – I rang you at about ten o’clock, but there was no reply. – Oh, that was probably ________ I was seeing the doctor. A. when B. why C. what D. that 8.(西安

20、市五校聯(lián)考2012屆20). As we all know, every minute ____ full use of ____ our lessons will do good to our students A. which makes; studying B. that is made; to study C. when is made; to study D. that is made; studying 9.(西安市五校聯(lián)考2012屆25). It was not until Mum agreed to take her to KFC, _

21、___was her favorite, ____the spoiled girl stopped crying. A. that; that B. which; which C. that; which D. which; that 10.（2010西工大一模17). He is ______ is known as a hacker ---- he likes to show off on the Internet and attack websites. A. who B. what C. that D. which 11.（2011西工大附

22、中第十二次訓(xùn)練20). Everyone has periods in their lives _______ everything seems very hard. A. where B. When C. Which D. that 12.(鐵一中2012屆高三第二次模14 )____ he told us is the news ____ China has got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games, ____, of course, made us feel very excited. A. What; which;

23、which B. That; that; which C. What; that; which D. That; that; what 13.（西安市華清中學(xué)2012屆第一次月考15). The policeman asked me __________ and ____________. A. What was the matter; what was my name B. What was the matter; what my name was C. what the matter was; what was my nam

24、e D. what the matter was; what my name was 14.（西安市華清中學(xué)2012屆第一次月考20). Is this the factory ________ my father worked last year? A. which B. that C. where D. the one 15.（西安市華清中學(xué)2012屆第一次月考21). The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease ______ has caused many deat

25、hs. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 16.(西安市八校聯(lián)考) As to the unemployment, the government has taken a series of measures in many cases, ________, I am sure, will benefit the people out of work. A. which B. that C. what D. where 17.. (渭南市瑞泉中學(xué)) _______

26、_ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. That C. As D. Which 18.. (西安市五校聯(lián)考) He is a strict but kind teacher, __________, in my opinion, my son loves and respects. A. one B. he C. which

27、D. that 19.（西安市八十三中2012高三二模17). The way ________ he worked out the problem isn’t the way ________ I told him. A. /; / B. which; which C. /; what D. that; what 20.（西安市八十三中2012高三二模32). I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. A. that?????

28、? B. when?????? C. where ?? ?D. Why 21.（西安八校2012高三聯(lián)考14)．When people talk about splendid cities in China, probably the first______comes into their winds is Changan． A．one B．that C．city D．which 22.（西安八校2012高三聯(lián)考22)．A free ticket to 2011 Xi'an Horticu

29、ltural Expo will be given to ______ wins the first prize in the English context． A．those who B．no matter who C．who D．whoever 23.（西安市2012高三第一次檢測(cè)11)．There was a tree in front of the house, owner was seen sitting under it, enjoying the shade. A．where B．whose C．which D．that

30、 24.（西安市2012高三第一次檢測(cè)15)．The reason for Tom’s failure in the exam was he didn’t work hard. A．why B．because C．whether D．That 25.(陜西大荔城郊中學(xué)2012屆二模25)．I’ll take seriously ___________ advice you put forward. A. whatever B. however C. whichever D. whenever 26.（陜西澄城縣寺前中學(xué)2012高三下14)．I

31、t seemed to me that she was in doubt ______Timmy lived or died. A. why B. how C. that D. whether 27.（陜西澄城縣寺前中學(xué)2012高三下23). My brother has been admitted into a key university, ,I think, he has been dreaming of for years. A. not more B. no more C. much more D

32、. not much A. 28..(寶雞中學(xué)2012屆高三第四次月考22）．There came a point in his life ______ he had to think seriously about his future． A．what B．that C．when D．which 29.（長(zhǎng)安一中2012第四次檢測(cè)22)．—Are you still thinking about today's football game ? —Oh, that's___． A．when I feel excited

33、 B．what makes me feel excited C．how I feel excited about it． D．whatever I feel excited about 30.（長(zhǎng)安一中2012第四次檢測(cè)24)．A free ticket to 2011 Xi’an Horticultural Expo will be given to wins the first prize in the English context. A．those who B．no matter who C．who D．whoever 31.（長(zhǎng)安一中

34、 2013屆高三二次檢測(cè)22). ——Let’s go out for dinner tonight. ——OK. It doesn’t matter to me we eat. A. whether B. where C. why D. when 32.(長(zhǎng)安一中2012高三十二模擬20)．To be honest, I don't want to get a job _____ I'm chained to a desk all day．It will bore me to death． A．that

35、 B．what C．where D．which 33.(長(zhǎng)安一中2012高三十二模擬22）．I haven't settled the question of _____ I'll go back home during the coming May Day． A．what B．when C．where D．whether 34.(寶雞中學(xué)2012屆高三第四次月考17）．Professor Tang didn't give us a speech today．It was he had a traffic accident on th

36、e way to school． A．that B．when C．why D．because 鐘樓提供 35.(89中) Yesterday we went to visit the farm _____ my father used to work for nearly ten years. A. in which B. that C. where D. which 36. (89中) Every time _______ they met, they would talk sev

37、eral hours together about the persons and things _______ they remembered in the middle school. A. that; who and which B. when; which C. /; that D. which; / 37. (西安市三模)This is the small house less than 20 square meters, under _______ roof lives a family of four. A. whi

38、ch B. whose C. its D. that 38. (西安市一模)There was a tree in front of the house, ________ owner was seen under it, enjoying the shade. A. where B. whose C. which D. that 39. (西安市二模) You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can

39、hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 40. (西安中學(xué)三模)After a graduation I’d like to find a job ________ I can use what I have learnt at school. A. whose B. which C. where D. that 41. (寶雞市三模) Cancer is a disease _________

40、_ causes are still not clearly known. A. whose B. which C. that D. who （二）定語從句和名詞性從句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)： IV. 改錯(cuò) 1,Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport. 2,The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong. 3,He paid the boy $10 for washing 10 windows, most of the

41、m hadn’t been cleaned for many years. 4,.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China. 5. .I have bought the same dress which she is wearing. 6. The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday. 7. .It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at

42、 that time 8, That we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 9, If you come or not is up to you. 10,Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 11,We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday. 12,Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. 13,It

43、’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing. 14,The child is always lying, so none of us will believe no matter what he says. 15,The government will build a park in where we knew was a factory. 16,He is so diligent boy and there is no wonder that he got the first place in the speech contest.

44、 17,It is no chance that their team will win the match. 18,The fact which the fields will be flooded is worrying the formers. 19,Those have finished their homework may leave the classroom now. 20,This is the very book which I want to read. 21,This is the third film which has been shown in our s

45、chool this term. 22,Tony failed again in the driving test, what made him so upset. 23, It turned out to be her own cup,that she ‘d left on the shelf by mistake. 24, The old woman was shocked by that had happened to her daughter.. 25,Finally they arrived at that we now call a theme park. 26, I

46、wonder that the old woman can recognize her son after being separated for 20 years. 27, The house which he lives needs repairing. 28, That worries me most is that we haven’t got enough time to work on this project. 29, He didn’t pass the exam makes his parents sad. 30,What the teachers say sou

47、nd great. （三）定語從句和名詞性從句在作文中的應(yīng)用(務(wù)必用定名從相關(guān)句型翻譯下列句子)： 1，眾所周知，關(guān)于熱點(diǎn)話題的人們的觀點(diǎn)因人而異。 2，通過以上分析，我認(rèn)為關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的有點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于缺點(diǎn)。 3，從以上有點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)的對(duì)比來看，我們認(rèn)為之行這個(gè)計(jì)劃是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)摹? 4,一些人認(rèn)為這種行為是合情合理的。 5,因此，毫無疑問我們應(yīng)該不遺余力采取措施解決這個(gè)問題。 6,就我而言，我堅(jiān)決支持學(xué)生不應(yīng)該帶手機(jī)的觀點(diǎn)。 7,我寫信很想告訴你我很有信心自己能夠勝任你所廣告的職業(yè)。 8，最近，使我們吃驚的是西安反日游行中一個(gè)司機(jī)被嚴(yán)重打傷了 9,據(jù)說，2014年高考，陜西英語要

48、加聽力考試。 10,我已收到你的邀請(qǐng)，這對(duì)我來說也是一次開闊視野的好機(jī)會(huì)。 11,我們要養(yǎng)成堅(jiān)持鍛煉的好習(xí)慣，這對(duì)我們的健康是有益的。 12,他表示希望能再來中國(guó)訪問。 13,事物并不總是如其表象。 14,他再三強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是，不管多困難，決不屈服。 15,老師明確地告訴我們，要養(yǎng)成每天充分利用時(shí)間朗讀英語的好習(xí)慣。 16,我們明天是否去野營(yíng)取決于天氣。 17,她居然對(duì)我們說謊，這真是不可思議。 18,真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。 19,你可以選任何你想要的東西。 20,當(dāng)談到電腦時(shí)，周所周知他在我們的日常生活中扮演者日益重要的角色 21,如果你想成功，是否有決心至關(guān)重要。 22,我們的家鄉(xiāng)跟過去不一樣了。 23,失去的東西看起來比我們擁有的好。 24,誰最后離開房間都應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。 25,你是否重視平衡飲食對(duì)你身體有很大影響。 8