2014屆高三英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 教師用書(shū) Book 8 Unit 2 Cloning 新人教版

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1、 2014屆高三英語(yǔ)人教版大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義教師用書(shū) Book 8 Unit 2 Cloning Ⅰ.聯(lián)想記憶(根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的詞匯以及相關(guān)短語(yǔ)) 1．differ vi.不同→differ from...in...在……方面與眾不同 2．pay_off得到好結(jié)果；取得成功→pay back償還→pay for付……的錢(qián) 3．breakthrough n．突破→make_a_breakthrough獲得突破 4．cast_down沮喪；不愉快 5．object vi.反對(duì)；不贊成→object to反對(duì) 6．forbid vt.禁止→ban禁止；取締→forbid sb. s

2、th.禁止某人某物→forbid sb. from_doing sth.禁止某人做某事 7．owe vt.欠(錢(qián)、人情等)→owe sth. to...欠……；歸功于……→owing_to因?yàn)?，由? 8．bring back to life使復(fù)生→come_to_life變得活躍起來(lái) 9．resist vt.抵抗；對(duì)抗→resist diseases抗病 10．in_good/poor_condition狀況很好/壞→in a good/poor state狀況很好/不好 Ⅱ.構(gòu)詞記憶(根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的詞匯及其派生詞) 1．differ vi.不同；相異→different ad

3、j.不同的→difference n．不同；差別 2．commerce n．商業(yè)→commercial adj.商業(yè)的 3．object vi.反對(duì)→objection n．不贊成；反對(duì) 4．retire vi.退休→retirement n．退休 5．a(chǎn)ssume vt.假定；設(shè)想→assumption n．假定；設(shè)想 6．reason n．原因；道理→reasonable adj.合情理的；講道理的 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)境填詞(根據(jù)提示用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空) 1．Being twins(雙胞胎) doesn’t mean they are exactly(完全) the same. Ac

4、tually, they differ(不一樣) in many ways. 2．Don’t be cast_down(沮喪)．Your effort will pay_off(回報(bào)) in time and you’ll obtain(得到) what you want. 3．Altogether(總共), we have 10 subjects, 5 of which are compulsory(必修的). I wonder why I should bother(麻煩) to learn the others. 4．He seems to be in_good_condition

5、(狀況很好), but he can’t resist(抵抗) a flu and he falls ill from_time_to_time(不時(shí)地)． 5．I objected_to(反對(duì)) being forbidden(禁止) from the computer games but in_vain(徒勞的) because all the family members were in_favor_of(支持) it. Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境記憶(背誦語(yǔ)段，記憶單元詞匯) To be exact，what he has been undertaking finally pays off sho

6、rtly after he made a breakthrough in the procedure of computers.He was once cast down and nobody was in favor of him. Ⅴ.課文原句背誦 1．Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。 2．There is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments s

7、hould be allowed. 就要不要進(jìn)行克隆人的實(shí)驗(yàn)也有激烈的辯論。 3．It_would_be_unfair to clone any extinct animals if_they_were_to_live_in_a_zoo. 如果克隆出任何絕種動(dòng)物，而他們必須生活在動(dòng)物園里那是不公平的。 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．The athlete’s years of hard training________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (2012·安徽，28) A．went on B．got throug

8、h C．paid off D．ended up 答案　C 解析　句意為：當(dāng)這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員最終獲得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌時(shí)，她多年的刻苦訓(xùn)練總算得到了回報(bào)。go on繼續(xù)，接下去；get through渡過(guò)難關(guān)；pay off得到回報(bào)；end up以……告終。該運(yùn)動(dòng)員獲得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌是對(duì)她多年刻苦訓(xùn)練的“回報(bào)”，故選C項(xiàng)。 (教材原句：But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough...) 2．The officer insisted that

9、Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa. (2012·湖北，30) A．pattern B．procedure C．program D．perspective 答案　B 解析　句意為：這位官員堅(jiān)持認(rèn)定Michael沒(méi)有按照正確的程序申請(qǐng)簽證。B項(xiàng)意為“程序”，符合句意。A項(xiàng)意為“模式”；C項(xiàng)意為“節(jié)目”；D項(xiàng)意為“視角”，都與句意不符。 (教材原句：The procedure works like this...) 3．Clinical evidence bega

10、n to ________，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. (2011·湖北，28) A．operate B．strengthen C．a(chǎn)pprove D．a(chǎn)ccumulate 答案　D 解析　句意為：臨床證據(jù)開(kāi)始積聚，表明這種新藥物的用途比以往在動(dòng)物身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)所預(yù)測(cè)的用途更廣泛。operate操作；strengthen加強(qiáng)；ap

11、prove贊成；accumulate積累，積聚。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 (教材原句：...but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.) 4．When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ young

12、er men. (2011·湖北，30) A．in terms of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in praise of 答案　C 解析　句意為：當(dāng)被問(wèn)及他們對(duì)校長(zhǎng)的意見(jiàn)時(shí)，許多老師都希望看到他讓位給年輕人。in terms of談及，就……而言；in need of需要；in favor of支持，贊同；in praise of歌頌。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 (教材原句：Is it in favour of cloning or against it？) 5．—I n

13、eed to advertise for a roommate for next term. —________？Mary is interested. (2011·天津，14) A．Why bother B．Why not C．So what D．What for 答案　A 解析　句意為：——我需要登廣告找個(gè)下個(gè)學(xué)期的室友?！M(fèi)那個(gè)勁做什么？瑪麗對(duì)此事感興趣。why bother何必那么麻煩；why not為什么不呢；so what那又怎么樣；what for為什么。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可確定選A項(xiàng)

14、。 Ⅱ.完形、閱讀——英譯漢 1． Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. (2012·福建·閱讀E) 大多數(shù)學(xué)校支持團(tuán)體或個(gè)人教育活動(dòng)。 2．In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better；when caution weighs more, however, women will win. (2012·北京·閱讀C) 在緊張的

15、冒險(xiǎn)有很大回報(bào)的情況下，男人可能會(huì)做得更好，_然而，當(dāng)謹(jǐn)慎更重要時(shí)，女性會(huì)贏。 3．Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. (2011·重慶·閱讀C) 現(xiàn)在對(duì)于灰塵的態(tài)度仍然有很大不同。 Ⅲ.書(shū)面表達(dá)——漢譯英 1．這是給退休教師的多么好的禮物！(retire)(2012·廣東·讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)) What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! 2．我也希望我的努力能得到回報(bào)。(pay off)(2011·山東·寫(xiě)作) I also hope that the great ef

16、fort I am making will pay off. 歷年高考熱點(diǎn)：pay off，procedure，accumulate， in favor of，bother，undertake，differ，retire等的用法。 2014考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)：differ，object，owe，strike，resist，cast down，pay off，in good condition等的用法。 1 雙語(yǔ)釋義 vi.不同；相異；意見(jiàn)相左(to disagree with sb.) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 In this respect，F(xiàn)rench differs

17、_from English.is_different_from (2)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空 ①Humans differ from other mammals in their ability to speak. ②I have to differ with you on/about/over that. ③The two lawyers differed about/on/over how to present the case. ④There’s not much difference in price between the two computers. 歸納

18、拓展 differ in在……方面不同 differ with sb. on/about/over sth.在……上與某人持不同看法 differ from/be different from與……不同 make a difference有差別，有影響 tell the difference(s) between A and B分清A和B be different from...in...在……方面與……不同 2 雙語(yǔ)釋義 n．(可見(jiàn)或可觸摸的)物體，東西(thing)；v.口頭表示反對(duì)(或不同意)(oppose；disagree) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)完成句子 ①They

19、objected to_putting_off_the_meeting. 他們不贊成把會(huì)議推遲。 ②They_objected_that he was not careful enough. 他們提出反對(duì)，說(shuō)他不夠謹(jǐn)慎。 ③It_may_be_objected_that not enough manpower is available. 有人可能會(huì)提出反對(duì)，認(rèn)為沒(méi)有足夠的人力可用。 (2)I object ________ being repeatedly dropped on ________ this manner. A．in；on B．to；in C．in；t

20、o D．on；in 答案　B 歸納拓展 object to sb./sth.反對(duì)，不贊成某人/某事(to為介詞) object to (sb.) doing sth.反對(duì)(某人)做某事 be for/against...支持/反對(duì)…… 易錯(cuò)提示 object用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后不可直接接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，可接賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“提出反對(duì)……的理由”，即object之后的賓語(yǔ)從句不是“反對(duì)的內(nèi)容”，而是“反對(duì)的理由”；用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面須接介詞to，表示“不贊成、反對(duì)的具體內(nèi)容或?qū)ο蟆?，介詞后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 3 學(xué)情診斷 (1)用owe的適當(dāng)形式填空

21、①The company owes_ money to more than 60 banks. ②He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer. ③He was out of work owing to a physical injury. (2)________his illness，he was late for the conference. A．Owing to B．For the sake of C．Thanks to D．According to 答案　A 解析　句意為：由于生病，他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。

22、owing to由于；for the sake of為了；thanks to多虧；according to根據(jù)。 歸納拓展 owe sb. sth./owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 owe sth. to sb./sth.把某事歸功于某人或某事 owing to(to為介詞)因?yàn)?，由? 4 雙語(yǔ)釋義 vt. & vi.(struck，struck)打；罷工(refuse to work)；敲；撞擊(hit)；侵襲(attack)；給(某人以……)印象(impress)；擦(rub)；n.罷工；打擊；毆打(kicking or hitting) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)寫(xiě)出下列

23、句子中strike的漢語(yǔ)意思 ①The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake. 給某人留下印象 ②The tree was struck by lightning. 撞擊 ③That area was struck by a snowstorm. (災(zāi)害)襲擊 ④When the clock strikes six，the children go home for dinner. (時(shí)鐘)敲響 ⑤He struck a match

24、to light the candle. 擦 (2)A bright idea suddenly________me that I could use the money I saved to help a poor student in the countryside. A．struck B．occurred C．happened D．hurt 答案　A 解析　句意為：我突然有了一個(gè)很好的想法——我可以用存下來(lái)的錢(qián)幫助農(nóng)村的一名貧困學(xué)生。strike在此意為“突然想到”，為及物動(dòng)詞；occur作“突然想到”講時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟to。 歸納拓展 stri

25、ke...into one’s heart使……刻骨銘心 It strikes sb.that...某人突然想起…… be struck by/with sb./sth.被某人/某物打動(dòng) be on strike在罷工,go on strike舉行罷工 5 雙語(yǔ)釋義 v．抵制(refuse to accept)；抗拒；反抗(fight back) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換 She could hardly resist laughing on those occasions. →She could not help laughing on those occasions.

26、 →She could not help but laugh on those occasions. (2)完成句子 ①He found it hard to_resist_buying_these_books. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)不買(mǎi)這些書(shū)是很難的。 ②He is in good health—he is able to resist_diseases. 他身體健康，能抵抗疾病。 (3)She couldn’t resist ________ aim ________ the wild geese as they flew over. A．taking；to B．to take

27、；at C．to take；to D．taking；at 答案　D 歸納拓展 resist doing sth.抵制做某事 resistance n.反抗；抵制 put up resistance to...進(jìn)行對(duì)……的抵抗 6 雙語(yǔ)釋義 沮喪；不愉快(be sad or unhappy) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 ①She’s cast_off three boyfriends in a month.got_rid_of/thrown_away ②Anyone who opposed the King’s rule was cast_into_pris

28、on.put/thrown_into_prison (2)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空 ①He was much cast down by the result of the experiment. ②When she became famous she cast her old friends aside/off. ③Its side effects cast doubt on the usefulness of the drug. ④In her opinion，Murphy should be cast into prison. 歸納拓展 cast aside/off拋棄；擺脫

29、cast/throw/put sb. into prison把某人投入監(jiān)獄 cast doubt on使懷疑…… cast/throw light on/upon使……為人所知/被披露出來(lái) 7 雙語(yǔ)釋義 得到好結(jié)果(bring good result)；付清(finish paying the money)；(付清工資后)解雇(dismiss)；取得成功(be successful) 學(xué)情診斷 (1)寫(xiě)出下列句子中pay off的漢語(yǔ)意思 ①I(mǎi)t would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.還清(債務(wù)) ②S

30、andra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off. 取得好結(jié)果 ③The boss paid off the employees.(付清工資后)解雇 ④Did your daring plan pay off？取得成功 (2)His hard work will eventually ________. A．pay for B．pay off C．pay out D．pay up 答案　B 歸納拓展 pay for賠償；為……付錢(qián)；因……受罰；替某人付款 pay o

31、ut付出(錢(qián))，出錢(qián) pay up全部付清 pay back償付；報(bào)答；向……報(bào)復(fù) pay a visit to訪問(wèn) 8 學(xué)情診斷 (1)完成句子 ①We are surprised to find the old temple is still in_good_condition after the earthquake. 地震之后我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)那座古老的寺廟仍舊完好。 ②They agreed to lend us the car on_condition_that we returned it before the weekend. 他們同意借車給我們，條件是周末以前

32、歸還。 ③On_no_condition must you tell him what happened. 你決不能告訴他所發(fā)生的事。 (2) From their________on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city. A．stage B．position C．condition D．situation 答案　B 解析　句意為：從他們?cè)陔娨曀敳康奈恢?，游客們可以更好地看到這個(gè)城市的景色。stage舞臺(tái)，階段；position位置，立場(chǎng)；conditio

33、n條件，狀況；situation情況，形勢(shì)。根據(jù)句意選擇B項(xiàng)。 歸納拓展 out of condition健康狀況不佳；狀況不好 on condition that在……條件下；假如；條件是 on/under no condition無(wú)論如何都不；決不 living/housing/working conditions生活/住房/工作條件 易錯(cuò)提示 (1)condition指人或物自身的狀況時(shí)，常用作不可數(shù)名詞；指周圍的環(huán)境、境況、條件時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2)on/under no condition置于句首時(shí)句子用部分倒裝。 1 接著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。

34、學(xué)情診斷 (1)Word_came_that the mayor will inspect our school. 有消息傳來(lái)市長(zhǎng)將來(lái)我們學(xué)校視察。 (2)單項(xiàng)填空 ①I(mǎi)nformation has been put forward________more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A．while B．that C．when D．a(chǎn)s 答案　B 解析　more middle school graduates will be admitted into unive

35、rsities解釋說(shuō)明information的具體內(nèi)容，是同位語(yǔ)從句，且從句中不缺成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。 ②It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities；this is the information________has been put forward. A．what B．that C．when D．a(chǎn)s 答案　B 解析　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后的句子為定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故選that。 歸納拓展 (1)同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact

36、， news， idea， truth， hope， problem， information， wish， promise， answer， evidence， report， explanation， suggestion， conclusion等抽象名詞后面，解釋說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或說(shuō)明。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that， whether，who， when， where， why， how 等詞引導(dǎo)。 (2)如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略。 (3)引

37、導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替)，并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略。that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which來(lái)代替。 2 當(dāng)園丁從生長(zhǎng)的植物上剪枝來(lái)培育新苗時(shí)，它(克隆)就發(fā)生了。 學(xué)情診斷 (1)They overworked to_finish_the_task_ahead_of_time. 他們加班的目的是提前完成任務(wù)。 (2)單項(xiàng)填空 ①On my way home, I stopped________some food. A．buy B．to buy C．buyin

38、g D．bought 答案　B 解析　不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 ②To learn to speak English well，________. A．much practice is needed B．one needs much practice C．much practice is needed by one D．one is needed much practice 答案　B 解析　one 作句首不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 ③Tom kept quiet about the accident________lose his job. A．so not as to

39、 B．so as not to C．so as to not D．not so as to 答案　B 解析　so as not to do sth.為了不做某事。此處也可用in order not to。 歸納拓展 (1)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)可以放在句子的后面，也可以放在句首。 (2)in order to 可以起到和不定式同樣的表目的的作用，用法也一樣。 (3)so as to 為了，不能放在句首。 3 學(xué)情診斷 用合適的結(jié)構(gòu)填空使下列句子成為含有同位語(yǔ)的句子 (1)Tom is a handsome boy.Tom is our monitor. →Tom，o

40、ur_monitor，is a handsome boy. (2)I will do the experiment.I will do it by myself. →I，myself，will do the experiment. (3)They are six.She is the oldest among them. →She is the oldest among them six. (4)He told me the news.The plane had exploded. →He told me the news that_the_plane_had_exploded.

41、 (5)The freezing temperature is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.Freezing point is that too. →The freezing temperature，or freezing_point，is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. Ⅰ.根據(jù)英文釋義寫(xiě)出下列單詞 1．differ：to be different from 2．exact：correct

42、 and without mistakes；precise 3．obtain：to get sth.，especially by making an effort 4．medium：method for giving information and news to people 5．shortly：soon；right away Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境填詞 1．Smoking should be forbidden in public places. 2．He owes his success to hard work. 3．It is compulsory for all motorcy

43、clists to wear helmets. 4．The purpose of education is not just accumulating knowledge. 5．I couldn’t resist telling him the secret. Ⅲ.詞義猜測(cè)或句意理解題——用本單元詞匯或句式替換劃線部分 1．At last our determination and patience got_good_results.paid_off 2．All the scientists were sad to hear the bad news.cast_down 3．Dol

44、ly’s appearance caused_many_people_to_be_against_it.raised_a_storm_of_objections 4．We tried to persuade him but he_wouldn’t_listen.in_vain 5．Soon after we arrived, we were told he wouldn’t come.Shortly Ⅳ.微寫(xiě)作(37) 寫(xiě)作素材 1．人們對(duì)克隆有不同的看法。 2．有些人很沮喪，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這在倫理上是不合理的，應(yīng)該被禁止。 3．實(shí)際上許多國(guó)家從事這個(gè)課題并獲得重大的突破。 4．

45、所以我們無(wú)法抗拒它。 提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。 連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文) People’s ideas of cloning differ. Some feel cast down because they think it is not morally reasonable and should be forbidden.Actually many countries undertake it and obtain great breakthroughs. So we are unable to resist it. Ⅴ.微語(yǔ)法(37)——祈使句與并

46、列句 (課外拓展——一個(gè)單元突破一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)) 1．You have to move out of the way_________the truck cannot get past you. (2012·大綱全國(guó)Ⅰ，34) A．so B．or C．a(chǎn)nd D．but 答案　B 解析　or否則，不然的話。句意為：你別擋道，否則那輛卡車過(guò)不去。 2．Before you quit your job，________ how your family would feel about your decision. (2012·重慶，31) A．consider B．

47、considering C．to consider D．considered 答案　A 解析　題干中Before引導(dǎo)從句，其后需有主句，而consider是及物動(dòng)詞，故其后的how your family would feel about your decision只能是賓語(yǔ)從句。由此可知空格處只能是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，才能與其后的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成祈使句，故B、C、D三項(xiàng)均不符合。 3．________at the door before you enter my room，please. (2012·北京，31) A．Knock B．Knocking C．K

48、nocked D．To knock 答案　A 解析　句意為：進(jìn)我的房間之前請(qǐng)先敲門(mén)。句子缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一個(gè)祈使句，A項(xiàng)正確。 4．Mike was usually so careful，________this time he made a small mistake. (2012·浙江，18) A．yet B．still C．even D．thus 答案　A 解析　句意為：麥克通常很認(rèn)真的，然而(yet)這次他犯了個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤。still仍舊；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合語(yǔ)境，故排除。 5．Find w

49、ays to praise your children often，________ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you. (2011·山東，23) A．till B．or C．a(chǎn)nd D．but 答案　C 解析　句意為：如果你能找到一些方法來(lái)經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)你的孩子，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們會(huì)向你敞開(kāi)心扉。本題所考查的句式為“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示條件，后面的陳述句表示條件下的結(jié)果，故用and連接；or表示“否則”，與句意不符。 14