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1、have的助動詞用法(1)表達完成時態(tài) 句型 have (has, had) +p.p. 句型 can (could), have + p.p. 例:He cant have said such a foolish word. (他不像是會說了這樣傻的話。)解說:本例句是在表達對過去的推想。 (2)“have”的慣用句式 句型 had better +V 例:You had better go and tell her everything. (你最好去向她把事情全盤地說明白。) 解說 有些文法學家把本句式的“had better”稱為半助動詞(Semiauxiliary verb),因為“h
2、ad better”之后接原形動詞,其本身所表現(xiàn)的功能很像是一個助動詞?!癶ad better”不可分開使用,“had”亦非過去形式。實際上“had better”所指的時間性是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?,若是指過去則用“had better + have +p.p.”。本句式絕無“have/has better +V”的形式,宜注意。 本句式是用于表達建議或勸告,言外之意是“若不這樣做就不好或會有不良后果”。例:You had better take an umbrella. (If you dont do, it may rain and youll get wet.) 本句式也可用于第三人稱。 例:He
3、 had better stop smoking. (他最好把煙戒掉。) “had better + V”的否定是把“not”置于“better”之后,例如: 例:You had better not borrow money from your friends wife. (你最好不要向朋友的太太借錢。) 本句式的“had”因發(fā)輕音,有時甚至輕到幾乎不發(fā)音,所以也就常被省略。 例:You had better take an umbrella with you. =Youd better take an umbrella with you. =You better take an umbre
4、lla with you. =Better take an umbrella with you. (你最好帶一把雨傘去吧。) “had better”可用“had best”來加強語氣。例:We had best hurry, or well miss the train. (我們最好快一點,不然就趕不上火車了。)本句式通常不用在疑問句,不過可以使用于附加疑問。例:Wed better get on with the work, hadnt we? (我們最好把工作趕一下,怎樣?) (3)“have”表達義務句型 have/has/had to + V“have to + V”所表達的意思與“
5、must + V”幾乎相同,因此也有文法學家把“have to”稱為半助動詞。例:I have to go to help her every Saturday.(每星期六我得去幫她的忙。) 例:You have to take care of your sisters. Its your duty.(你應該照顧你的妹妹,這是你的責任。) 解說 英式口語常用“have got”的表達法,實際上口語的“have got”是等于“have”,沒有完成時的意思。 例:I have got to clean the blackboard before the teacher comes. (我必須在老
6、師來之前把黑板清理好。)“have (got) to + V”的否定句和疑問句都使用“do”來造成。例:Did you have to tell her everything? (你真的必須把每一件事都向她說嗎?) 例:You didnt have to tell her, did you? (你本來就沒有必要向她說的,對不對?) “have (got) to + V”與“must + V”的區(qū)別:這兩者,英、美人通常都不很在意地隨便在使用,不過在講究的語法中通常是,表達來自說話者本身的“需要或必須”時使用“must + V”,表達非來自說話者本身的“需要或必須”時則使用“have (got) to + V”。 例:I must go to bed now; I am very tired.(我很疲倦了,我必須上床去睡。) 例:Ive got to go now; my wife will be waiting for me. (我必須走了,因為我的太太會在等著我。)