（湖南專用）（新課標）高考英語二輪復習方案 專題限時集訓26 科普知識型閱讀理解2

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1、專題限時訓練(二十六)　[科普知識型閱讀理解(二)] (限時：25分鐘) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一) Studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38-year-old volcanologist does

2、 her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky，” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk. Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long t

3、ime, so it's not surprising that she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，” she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had

4、quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.” Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying t

5、hem is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn't take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the

6、 lava flow or just walking across it，” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000℃， so if you hesitated your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision—there wasn't time to do

7、 anything else.” And what about the future? “I haven't been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel

8、Rymer won't be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of Driving to work just yet. 1. Hazel's claim that “Driving to work is more risky” than exploring volcanoes shows that ________. A. people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the past B. Hazel does not really understand t

9、he dangerous situations she puts herself in C. there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel lives D. Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces 2. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes? A. When she was visiting Italy. B. When she was at school. C. W

10、hen she was twenty. D. When she saw Vesuvius. 3. The underlined word “These” (Paragraph 3) refers to ________. A. melting ice-caps B. volcanic eruptions C. changes in sea level D. higher temperatures 4. When Hazel was on Mount Etna she had to ________. A. take a dangerous route

11、 B. take an unnecessary risk C. leave her boots behind D. walk for ten hours around the mountain 5．In the future, Hazel wants to ________. A. revisit volcanoes she knows B. go on holiday to the Antarctic C. find a less dangerous job D. discover new things about volcanoes (二) Europe'

12、s deadly outbreak of a rare form of E．coli(大腸桿菌) bacteria has brought new attention to food safety issues. E．coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(腸) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E．coli are harmless but some can make people sick. One of the problems when people get sick from f

13、ood is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick? Of course, one way to avoid such problems is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This_is_easier_said_than_done,_but scientists keep looking for new way

14、s. Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical(光學的)scanner. The inspection system is fixed in the packing houses where produce is sorted for market. The system is designed to identify the produce polluted by soil or animal waste. The new scann

15、er can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers. Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research centre in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team. MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were as

16、ked, to develop a method to test the polluted produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.” The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit. A spectro

17、graph device can use the light to check an apple to show evidence of damage. Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be avail-able before long. MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.” The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate

18、the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventors hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface. 1. The passage mainly talks about ________． A. the danger of E．coli bacteria to health B. the way

19、 to avoid getting sick from food C. a system to test the polluted produce D. the new attention to food safety issues 2．According to the passage, we know the new scanner ________． A. has already used in the supermarket B. is perfect to find out the polluted apple C. is still in test and need to

20、 improve D. can also damage the bacteria in the food 3．What can we learn from the passage? A. Most of the E．coli is dangerous to the people's health. B. The damage in the fruit might cause it difficult to sell out. C. Now the system can take the pictures of each piece of fruit. D. The scanner

21、is put on a moving belt while testing the produce. 4. By saying “This is easier said than done” in Paragraph 2, the writer wants to ________． A. show the difficulty in finding the bad bacteria from the food supply B. show the scientists' hardship in finding a new way to heal the disease C. expre

22、ss his/her anger to the businessmen from selling the polluted food D. express his/her worry about the dangerous issue in today's food safety 5．This passage can be classified as ________． A. an advertisement B. a book review C. a feature story D. a news report (三) Clothes can make phone calls

23、, play music, dial your pal's number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer? This is not a fantasy. A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothes that have minds of their own! Scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric

24、 that can be blended(混合) with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. The result are electronic garments. If you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. These designer clothes are wire-free, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic device, th

25、ese high-tech clothes have to be powered. Currently, a tiny nine-volt battery serves the purpose. But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. “These clothes are 100 percent shock proof，” they say. The Electrotextiles team has also creat

26、ed the world's first cloth keyboard. This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These “l(fā)ap-tap” gadgets(小器具) are all set to take over laptop computers! Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This_handy_inv

27、ention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! Other popular electronic wear include the denim(牛仔布) jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(風帽) and the electronic ski jacket with a built-in heater. The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This

28、 technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids. Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new project—a necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. What is the next? Do you have any idea? 1. The el

29、ectronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that ________． A. they feel smooth and soft B. they use electricity as power C. they can be washed in water D. they are made from flexible materials 2. How will researchers improve these high-tech clothes? A. Body heat will be us

30、ed as power. B. The wearer will not get shocked. C. A tiny nine-volt battery will work. D. They will get charged automatically. 3. What does the underlined phrase “This handy invention” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The laptop computer. B. The electronic ski jacket. C. The shirt-cum-mobil

31、e phone. D. The world's first cloth keyboard. 4. If you are going on a ski adventure, which device do you need? A. The cloth keyboard. B. The electronic ski jacket. C. The necktie to be used as a mouse. D. The denim jacket with earphones. 5．The main purpose of the text is ________． A.

32、to advertise for an English company B. to predict the future trend of science C. to show how rapidly science develops D. to introduce some intelligent clothing 專題限時訓練(二十六) (一) 【要點綜述】 本文主要介紹了火山學家Hazel Rymer對火山的一些研究行動。 1．D　 推理判斷題。由此句話的前一句“But the 38-year-old volcanologist does her best

33、to make it sound less alarming than it is.”以及此句話可知，Hazel Rymer說開車上班比對火山進行研究更危險可以得知，她是謙虛的，并且淡化其面臨的危險。 2．B　 細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句“Her interest in volcanoes began at school.”可知她在讀書時就對火山感興趣。 3．C　 代詞指代題。由畫線詞的前一句話“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps.”可知，是海水高度的

34、變化導致休眠火山的爆發(fā)，故C正確。 4．A　 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后幾句“‘I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，’she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream.‘I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000℃， so if you hesitated your boots would

35、begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision—there wasn't time to do anything else.’”可知，她選擇了從熔巖流中走過，這是一條更危險的路。 5．D　 細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的內容“…I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang…”可知，Hazel將繼續(xù)對火山進行研究，并發(fā)現(xiàn)一些新的東西。 (二) 【要

36、點綜述】 本文主要介紹了美國科學家開發(fā)了一種使用高科技光學掃描儀的實驗系統(tǒng)。 1．C　 主旨大意題。由本文的內容以及其主題句，即第三段第一句“Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical(光學的)scanner.”可知，本文主要介紹了一種用來檢測被污染的產品的實驗系統(tǒng)，故選C項。 2．C　 細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段“Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available befo

37、re long.”以及本文最后一句“The inventors hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.”可知這一掃描儀還在試驗當中且需要改進，故選C項。 3．B　 推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“…damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.”可知水果損害之后更難吸引購物者，也就會導致其很難賣出。 4．A　 細節(jié)理解題。由畫線詞前一句“…one way to avoid such problems i

38、s to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply.”可知，要從食物的來源里找到有害的病菌是有困難的。 5．D　 推理判斷題。由文章中把MOON KIM說話的內容直接引入的形式來看，本文應該是一篇新聞報道。 (三) 【要點綜述】 衣服能用來打電話、聽音樂、取暖和操作電腦嗎？這已經不再是幻想了，英國公司Electrotextiles就已經開發(fā)出幾款這樣的高科技電子服飾呢！ 1．B　細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Like any electronic device, these high-tech clothes have to be pow

39、ered.”可知，電子服裝與其他電子設備的相同點在于它們都使用電力作動力，故選B項。 2．A　細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat.”可知，研究者將用體熱給電子服裝發(fā)電，故選A項。 3．C　詞義猜測題。根據第五段“Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers t

40、o chat comfortably with others at the wheel！”兩句之間的關系可判斷選C項。 4．B　推理判斷題。根據第五段“The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.”可推斷這種滑雪衫適合滑雪探險時用，故選B項。 5．D　推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，本文旨在介紹英國公司Electrotextiles所開發(fā)出來的高科技電子服飾，故選D項。