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1、20 1 3年8月農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)第44卷第8期li：10. 6(41 /j. in. 10()0-4298.2013.08.014大豆播種機(jī)偏置雙i氣吸式排種器71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)第44卷第8期71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)第44卷第8期趙佳樂I賈洪雷2姜
2、鑫銘I王玉I王剛I郭慧I(1吉林大學(xué)卞物與農(nóng)業(yè)T程學(xué)院.長棄130025; 2.吉林大學(xué)丁程仿定教育部取點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)気，長春13()025 )摘要：設(shè)汁了一種大豆播種機(jī)偏邊雙圓盤氣吸式排種臥通過分析偏世雙圓盤氣吸式排種益取種、排種作業(yè)脈理. 對(duì)扶關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)、優(yōu)化。以排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速、氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)速度為試驗(yàn)岡董漏播率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)分別進(jìn)行 單因素試驗(yàn)和二次通用旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)，運(yùn)用Design-Expert軟件得岀回歸曲血并建立數(shù)學(xué)模型，得出最佳因索紐, 為氣流速度220 m/”、排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速100 r/min.此時(shí)漏播率為2. 72%關(guān)鍵詞：大豆排種器氣吸式性能設(shè)計(jì)中圖分類號(hào)：S222. 4 文
3、獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：10004298 G013 )084X)78-06Suction Type Offset Double Disc Seed Metering Device of Soybean SeederZliao Jialr1 Jia Honglri2 Jiang Ximning1 Vi ang Yu1 Wang Gang1 Guo Hui1(1 Colhgr liiogical and Agricultural Engineering. Jilin University. Changchun 130025. China2. Key Ijaboralory of Iiionic E
4、ngineering MfTwlfry of Education. Jilin UniiTrsitv. Changchun 130025. China )Abstract: A double offset disc air-Mivtion seed mrtrring drvicr for soybean was designed Tlie key parts of srrd mrtrring devier was drsignrd and optimized based on thr working principles of seed taking and seed metering. Tl
5、ie single factor experiments and the quadratic general rotary unitized design were carried out with thr rotational spree! and air velocity as rxjxrinicntal factors and seed missing rate as rxprninrntal index. The regression surface was obtained and its niathenutical iikmIcI was built by using the De
6、sign- Expert software. Tlie results showed that the air velocity of 220 in/s and rotational speed of 100 r/min wrrr thr lrst combination factors, which leaded to thr srrd missing nite of 2 72% KeV words: Soyl)ean Seeder Suction ty|c Prrfonnance Design71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publ
7、ishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)第44卷第8期71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 20 1 3年8月農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)第44卷第8期收稿H期：2013-01-24 修何 H 期：20134)1-30 “十二1T國家科技支掙計(jì)劃拆助項(xiàng)目e0UBAD20B09)作者簡介：趙皈博I.生主要從事全程機(jī)械化與保護(hù)性耕作理論與技術(shù)研究.E-uil： /lia.jiaM)313 163. com 通訊作者：二教授博士
8、生導(dǎo)師主要從爭全艸機(jī)械化W呆護(hù)杵耕作理;侖與技術(shù)研Vi.Email： jiahlvip63g引言排種器主要分為氣吸式排種器和機(jī)械式排種器 崗種7。氣吸式排種器主要冇組合吸孔氣吸式排 種器、氣吸滾筒式排種器等7。機(jī)械式排種器主 要冇傾斜圓盤勺式排種器、組合內(nèi)窩孔米椿密排 種器等A9。近年來隨著運(yùn)用大馬力拖拉機(jī)進(jìn)行耕 種作業(yè)成為主要趨勢(shì)播種作業(yè)的速度最高町達(dá) 8 km/h 傳統(tǒng)排種器的播種頻率已無法滿足作業(yè)耍 求咲聞。本文設(shè)計(jì)一種播種頻率符合高速作業(yè)要 求的大豆播種機(jī)偏置雙圓盤氣吸式排種器設(shè)冇圓 錐式吸種孔和球狀對(duì)稱曲而取種機(jī)構(gòu)將機(jī)械式排 種器與氣吸式排種器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來實(shí)現(xiàn)低雨播、 低漏播、低破
9、碎、高頻率的作業(yè)要求。1排種器結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理嵋置雙圓盤氣吸式排種器主要山種箱龐種圓盤、 播種吸盤、球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種夾、密閉風(fēng)箱和圓錐式吸 種孔等構(gòu)成，如圖1所示。每兩個(gè)球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種 夾、兩根空心軸、兩根彈簧和兩根實(shí)心軸組成一組球狀 對(duì)稱曲面取種機(jī)構(gòu)。彈簧的兩端分別焊接在播種吸盤 和球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種夾上，實(shí)心軸與播種吸盤焊合，空 心軸與球狀對(duì)稱曲血取種夾焊合,彈贊纏繞在實(shí)心軸 上彈簧、空心軸、實(shí)心軸以軸線幣:合的方式套接在一 71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved,
10、#農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年起“球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種火空心軸、彈貸受到種子擠壓 時(shí)可沿實(shí)心軸軸線移動(dòng),彈簧對(duì)種子施加沿實(shí)心軸軸 線方向上的力。圓錐式吸種孔最下端面為半徑3 nun 的【虬最1：端面為半徑4 32 nun的圓,孔長為4mm。圓 俳式吸種孑L、球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種夾的內(nèi)墜上祁貼冇泡 沫薄膜,種子與其接觸時(shí)泡沐薄膜的形狀町以改變，使 種子表面與圓錐式吸種孔、球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種夾完全 接觸能夠右效地夾持種子并降低傷種率。71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #農(nóng)業(yè)
11、機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年(a)71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年圖1排種器結(jié)構(gòu)Fig. 1 Structure of metering devicea)主視圖血)俯視圖1 種箱2 運(yùn)種岡盤3 撐種器孟 軸頑端孟5運(yùn)種鬪盤軸承6 運(yùn)種
12、岡盤軸7播種吸軀軸 &播種吸盤軸承9 怖種竹10. 式吸種孔11 播種吸盤12 橡膠riKte 13 密閉鳳箱14 通鳳管15J6球狀對(duì)稱曲mi取種夾17J8.空心軸19.20.彈裁21、22實(shí)心軸71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 81農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年
13、充種時(shí)種箱內(nèi)的種子掉落進(jìn)運(yùn)種1|盤的凹槽 內(nèi)隨運(yùn)種圓盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)至播種吸盤下方。風(fēng)機(jī)使播種 吸盤上、下兩側(cè)產(chǎn)生負(fù)壓，氣流產(chǎn)牛運(yùn)動(dòng)，凹槽內(nèi)的 種子受到氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)卞的吸力兒作用開始向吸 種孔方向運(yùn)動(dòng)因?yàn)槲N孔最F端面為半徑3 inm 的圓，而大豆種子的球形率大于90%且半徑均大于 3inm,所以率先與吸種孔接觸的種子會(huì)將吸種孔下 端堵住使吸種孔下端的氣體停止流動(dòng)Jt余未與吸 種孔相接觸的種子不再受到氣流吸力兒作用而掉 落進(jìn)而保證一組球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種夾只夾持一粒 種子:。此時(shí)堵住吸種孔的種子也不再受到氣流 吸力幾作用但受到負(fù)斥產(chǎn)I的壓力你、n身幣:力 G、球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種夾的壓力八、兒、幾、4、離心 力
14、凡、吸種孔F端面邊緣的支撐力兒、幾的共同作 用，如圖2所示幾、幾的值并不固定，可以根據(jù)Jt 他力的變化而變化使種子在軸向、徑向上受力達(dá)到 平衡，滿足種子在球狀對(duì)稱曲面取種夾夾持下，隨播種吸 盤勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),排種器完成取種作業(yè)。由上述可知風(fēng)機(jī) 產(chǎn)牛的負(fù)壓越大你越大，排種器對(duì)種子的夾持能力越 好，該扌II：種器所連風(fēng)機(jī)相對(duì)壓力為-5 -8kPao氣流 吸力幾越大，種子越容易被吸附到吸種孔上排種 器對(duì)種子的吸附效果越好氣流吸力兒為F = *0巾/窗6 )式中G空氣阻力系數(shù)t氣流速度m/sP空氣密度Ag/m3種子半徑,mm耳可由下式求得Fp 二 P/nrhS)式中Pt風(fēng)機(jī)產(chǎn)牛的負(fù)H(,MPa種子在球狀對(duì)稱
15、曲面取種夾的夾持下隨播種吸 盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到排種管上方時(shí)位于播種吸盤匕方的橡膠 擋風(fēng)板會(huì)將吸種孔上端完全描住，被夾持的種子不 再受到的作用，在門身砲力G、球狀對(duì)稱曲面取 種夾所施加斥力的分力八、幾的共同作用下掉落 進(jìn)排種管中完成排種作業(yè)如圖3所示。2取種機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)2.1吸種孔形狀和尺寸2. 1.1吸種孔最下端面半徑如如圖4所示，播種吸盤上的吸種孔對(duì)氣流冇節(jié)流作用,排種器取種室內(nèi)的氣流會(huì)在吸種孔最下端 而.1處收縮在CD處達(dá)到氣流最小截而厲開始擴(kuò) 張。10 V/, 加時(shí)吸種孔為上粗F細(xì)的錐形孔；當(dāng)S = %時(shí)吸種孔為上下均勻的圓柱形孔；當(dāng)G 時(shí),吸種孔為上細(xì)下粗的錐形孔。山流量測(cè)試儀測(cè) 得S取不同
16、値時(shí)氣流速度的値如表1所示。71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, #農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年rCH/nun氣流速度廠初/m廠i12J345平均值2.5154.615& 2155.3153. 1160.2156. 283.0213.5214.8218.5217.6213.2215. 523.5255.4253.5256. 1255.4256.5255.384.0280.2279.4278.5282. 1280.5280. 144.5282.3280.5283.
17、1279.5278.9280.86表1單因素試驗(yàn)結(jié)果Tab. 1 Single factor repeated experimental results of rtM71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 82農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)2 0 I 3 年00)由Design-Expert軟件得到S關(guān)于的回歸方 程和響應(yīng)曲線，如式（13 ）和圖5所示.vAH = 一 429. 666 67 + 32& 725 49r6/ - 37. 960 78乙吸神孔址上端面半仞nun圖5吸種孔最
18、上端面半徑與氣流速度擬合曲線Fig. 5 Kitted curve? lelween air velocity and radiusof lop end face of suction hole-TEPf亠叫 Pct)亠VCD6 )云十礦亦十石響=%皿6)6%1$口)= VABAH(7)Sg = MqSm )S.M = SgM | )式中/a(e c345平均值2402.212. 182.252. 232. 222.2182302.422. 392. 382. 372.412. 3942202. 682. 722.742.672. 682. 6982103.513. 533.493. 503.
19、483. 5022004. 224. 154.214. 184. 204. 1925 o 5 o 5 Q4.4.工3.2X%/*工Fig. 9 Fitted curve between rotational peedand seed missing rate3.3旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如表5所示由Drsign-F：xprrt軟件對(duì) 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，得出響應(yīng)曲面圖，如圖10所示。 由響應(yīng)曲面圖町血：漏播率隨著氣流速度的增大而 降低，隨衿排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速的提高而上升；兩個(gè) 試驗(yàn)岡素具有交互作用其中氣流速度比排種器播 種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)漏播率的影響顯著。由Design-ExKrl 軟件得出漏播率與因素編
20、碼值的回I丿I方程為y=2. 76 - 1. 05X +0. 27X2 +0. 46X； +71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期趙佳樂竽：大亞播種機(jī)偏遜雙圓盤氣吸式排種簽#表5試驗(yàn)方案及試驗(yàn)結(jié)果71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期趙佳樂竽：大亞播種機(jī)偏遜雙圓盤氣吸式排種簽858轉(zhuǎn)速A. /r*nun 112345平均值12
21、04.424. 504. 294. 494.604 4601104. 034. 224. 104. 154. 084. 1161003.653763553523.503. 596903.042. 952.823. 223. 143 034802. 151.961.972.051.982. 022圖10響應(yīng)曲面Fig. 10 ResiMmse surface plot圖8氣流速度上j漏播率關(guān)系擬合曲線Kitted cune I between air velocity and seed imssiiig rate3. 2.2排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速單因索試驗(yàn)中氣體流速固定為 220 m /
22、 s 排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速依次按照農(nóng)4選取 5個(gè)水平，進(jìn)行排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速的單因素試驗(yàn)。 對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行F檢驗(yàn)，得化 匚。血16 ),即 排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)單粒率影響顯茗。通過 Design-Expert軟件擬合出回歸曲線圖如圖9所示。 由回01曲線圖町知漏播率y隨著排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn) 速X的提高而上升.隨廿排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速不斷 提高漏播率上升的趨勢(shì)逐漸減緩。排種器播種吸 盤轉(zhuǎn)速單因素回歸方程為y= -10.816 67 +0. 226 37 -0.000 824Ar；(18 )表4排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速單因素試驗(yàn)結(jié)果Tab. 4 Single ractor repeated experimen
23、tal results ofrotational speed of seed metering deviceTab 5 Experimental scheme and results試臉編號(hào)X、漏播率“1113. 2221-12. 8531-14.214-114. 6351.41402. 776-1.41405. 32701.4143. 2280-1.4142. 839002. 7210002. 70il002. 7512002.6413002.713. 4 驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)根據(jù)Design-Expert軟件得出的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合 氣流速度220 m/s、排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速100 r/min, 進(jìn)行豆復(fù)驗(yàn)
24、證性試驗(yàn)漏播率平均值為2. 72%,與 軟件優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本一致。4結(jié)論（1）吸種孔的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)排種器作業(yè)性能具冇顯苦 影響,吸種孔采用圓錐形孔且闘錐形孔最卜端面半 徑為3 innuM端血半徑為4. 32 nnn時(shí)排種器吸種 效果最佳。Q）排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)排種器漏播率具冇#考 顯著影響.漏播率隨排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速的提高而 増加隨廿排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速不斷提高漏播率上 升的趨勢(shì)逐漸減緩。0）氣流速度對(duì)排種器漏播率具有顯著影響, 漏播率隨著流速度加快而降低隨著U流速度不 斷增加漏播率降低的趨勢(shì)逐漸減緩。U）排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)速和氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)速度對(duì)排 種器漏播率的影響具有交互作用其中氣流速度比 排種器播種吸盤轉(zhuǎn)
25、速對(duì)漏播率的影響顯著。排種器 最佳岡素組合為氣流速度220 m/s、排種器播種吸盤 轉(zhuǎn)速100 r/min.此時(shí)漏播率為2. 72%。71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期趙佳樂竽：大亞播種機(jī)偏遜雙圓盤氣吸式排種簽#71994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved, 第8期趙佳樂竽：大亞播種機(jī)偏遜雙圓盤氣吸式排種簽#I陳芷冬.何堤論榊密排種器的現(xiàn)
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28、chrn. rt al. IVsign of (lisiiseinblr niblxT guard drvicr fbr ce wlut-l fertotilling and stiibl)le-4)reaking machine J Soil & Pillage IZurch. 2007.94 (1 )：20l -208.6 Karayel I). Peribrmance of a iiUMliGerl precision vaciniin setnler for nean j Soil and Iiliage Keseanh. 2(X)9. 1()4 (1 )： 121 1257 Gaik
29、wad B B Sirohi N P S Design of a low-eost pnemiiatic seeder fr nursery plug trays j BiosyMems Engineering, 2008.99 G )： 322 3298 aztfi A Desirinencioglti A. Optimization of the seeacing uniformity jxrforinance of a vacuinnMype prtxrision settler using res|Mnse surface nwMhKllog)j . |isysteins Engine
30、ering. 2(X)7 t 97 G f： 347 3569賈秀芝，高曉解唐明盡小粒(荊密)播種機(jī)性能試塩的測(cè)試與研究J農(nóng)機(jī)化研究2007 00):134-136.Jia Xiuzhi (Jan Xiaohui, Tang Minghui. testing and research on the |erfnnance test of single seed drills (precision drills) (J Journal of Agriciiltura) Mechanization KeMearch92007 (10 )： 134 136. Gn Chinese )io虜慶喜高煥文，
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32、 Qin Guoliang Ex|Mariiiient of pneuniatic precision inek?ring de ice fw rapeseed j Transactio!veriinrntal research of suction seed metering device about pressure and ntition prwl (j Journal of Agrirulhiral Mrchanizalion Krsrarch.2(X)6 )： 130 131. Gn Chinese )13李成華.高玉芝張本華.氣吹式傾斜圓盤排種器排種性能試驗(yàn)J.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào).200
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大豆播種機(jī)偏置雙圓盤氣吸式排種器_趙佳樂
