高考英語真題分類匯編 專題06 七選五（含解析）

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1、 專題6七選五 1.【2016全國新課標I】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Secret codes (密碼)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code

2、breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might repre

3、sent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real co

4、de, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithou

5、tthecodebook. B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers. C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage. D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem. E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout. F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherw

6、ords. G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet. 【答案】 36.-40 D E G.F A 36.D考查對上下文的理解和判斷能力。后句內(nèi)容可以判斷該空應(yīng)該和密碼的破譯有關(guān)，故判斷D項內(nèi)容Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.符合語境邏輯，可以承接上下文。 37.E考查對上下文的理解和判斷能力。后面舉的例子是來證明人們設(shè)置密碼時往往會利用一些單詞的第一個字母來作為密碼，由此判斷E選項內(nèi)容符

7、合語境邏輯。 40.A考查對上下文的理解和判斷能力。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折可知盡管利用密碼書可以破譯密碼，但是一本密碼書也不會使用很久的時間，故判斷A選項Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.符合語境。 考點：七選五閱讀理解 【歸納總結(jié)】七選五閱讀填空考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。解題技巧如下：1.注重句式的對接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2. 注重詞匯的銜接：也就是利用上下文所重復(fù)的關(guān)鍵詞，即詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)原則進行判斷，其中包括同義詞，原詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。3.注重舉例或解釋等。如37題和39題只需要利用for exa

8、mple來進行解題。 2.【2016全國新課標II】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn’t happen by accident.

9、It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ●___17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening

10、 methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ●Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childh

11、ood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside an

12、d work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy bein

13、g outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G 【名師點睛】 本文屬于七選五閱讀中最常見的設(shè)空在段首的方法，通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推

14、斷出主題句。本題我們根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我們首先要知道為什么要搞園藝。故A項為本段主題句。 當七選五閱讀設(shè)空在句首時，還可能存在以下兩種情況： 1. 屬于段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。 2. 與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查

15、找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段，尤其當選項是幾句話時。比如，如果選項中出現(xiàn)時間年代時，往往要注意與原文中年代的前后對應(yīng)關(guān)系。 考點：考查說明文閱讀 3.【2016全國新課標III】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only abou

16、t fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at t

17、he ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty

18、 as the fresh one. Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish. 20 First, leanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(調(diào)料). Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound. (Alargeronewilltakemoretime.) Then, it’sreadytoserve. A. Donotbuyit. B. Theeasiestistosteamit.

19、C. Thisishowyoucandoit. D. Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge. E. Thefishwillgobadwithinhours. F. Whenbuyingfish, youshouldfirstsmellit. G. Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease. 【答案】 16.G 17.D 18.F 19.A 20.B 考點：生活類短文閱讀 【名師點睛】 高考七選五解題方法 1.通讀全文，了解文章大意。這是一個泛讀的過程，目的是了解文章大意，為以后的理解

20、做鋪墊。 2.分析句型，了解語法構(gòu)成 3.當我們了解了文章大意后，要明確每一個空是填一個整句子還是半個句子。這一點十分重要，它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些空的選項范圍，比如，有一個空的結(jié)尾處沒有標點符號，后文緊跟著一個句子的后半部分，很顯然這時我們需要填的是半個句子，這時便可以在七個選項中找到是半個句子的選項，從而縮小選擇范圍。 4.明確關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。任何句子都是要么和上文有聯(lián)系，要么和下文有聯(lián)系，要么和上下文都有聯(lián)系。例如第16空，第19空和第20空都與它們的前一句有聯(lián)系。 5.帶入通讀，復(fù)查 做完題目切忌直接離開，這是我們很有必要將自己修正好的文章通讀一遍，將其看做一片行文通順語意連貫的

21、文章來讀，這是如果感到有含義不連貫的地方，很有可能是我們填錯了空，就要復(fù)查了，注意：七選五的特點在于，錯一道，往往還會錯另外的一道或幾道，我們叫做"連錯"，所以當你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有一處填的有問題時，一定要同時檢查其它空。 4.【2016北京】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出正確的填入空白處。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward

22、, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fightin

23、g, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few darin

24、g survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take r

25、isks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as we

26、ll. 75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the poo

27、l. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and int

28、o the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【答案】 71.F72.C73.A74.E75. G 考點：科研類短文閱讀 【名師點睛】 1、先看選項。跟完形填空不一樣，七選五的答案選項較少，并且給出的都是句子，因此，我們可

29、以通過句子的完整性或者句子后面的標點符號來判斷該句在文章中的位置。另外，通過閱讀選項，有可能找出跟其他選項表達完全不同意思的句子，這樣的話我們就可以直接將該選項排除?！? 2、再看空前空后。由于七選五空出的是整個句子，而這些句子與句子之間，必然有一種聯(lián)系，因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關(guān)性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關(guān)聯(lián)性，從而選擇正確的答案。 3、注意代詞或定冠詞。在做這類題目的時候，一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或者指示代詞，因為我們知道，代詞是指代一個名詞或者一個句子的，然后通過代詞在句子中所做的成分我們可以推斷出它指代的句子的類型，我們要做的就是從選項

30、中找這類句型就可以了。 4、注意一些特殊疑問詞。如果選項中或空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問詞，一定要把這句話仔細讀幾遍，因為對于不同特殊疑問詞的回答方式是不一樣的，比如對why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的詞，對when的回答，后面要有表時間的狀語，對where的回答，后面要有表地點的名詞，對how的回答，后面要有方式狀語等。 5、注意一些連詞。如一些表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外還有一些表示并列關(guān)系的連詞如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，onon

31、ehand....ontheotherhand等。因為這些連詞可以表現(xiàn)句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，通過不同的連詞我們可以推知句子與句子之間不同的關(guān)系。 5.【2016四川】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is

32、 biological. One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood fl

33、ow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 18Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.19Scientistsares

34、tillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20 A．However,women,onaverage,livelonger. B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart. C.Womenarealsohelped

35、bytheirfemalegenes. D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway. E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities. F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife. G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions. 【答案】16.A 17.G 18.D 19.C 2

36、0.E 【名師點睛】 在做七選五時一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示詞，可以準確確定空格上的選項。比如第20小題，Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20句中的Some--- Others---，是關(guān)鍵詞，從這里知道這是兩種觀點。根據(jù)空格前兩句：一些人認為女性身體細胞有一個比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認為男性身體細胞有一個老化快的傾向?？芍狤項符合題意?！白罱芯?/p>

37、似乎支持這兩種可能”。故選E。 考點：考查信息匹配 6.【2016浙江】下面文章中有5處（第61-65題）需要添加小標題。請從以下選項（ABCDE和F）中選出符合各段意思的小題，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)選項的標號涂黑。選項中有一項是多余選項。 A. Get involved in student activities B. Your voice is actually super important C. There is a significant increase of opportunities D. Stay in active communication with your f

38、riends E. Get smart about the people who you spend your time with F. Your major does not matter as much in your first of college Five Things Nobody Told Me about College As I type this , I am in my university dorm room. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college a

39、pplications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like. However, there’s only so much that prep books, websites, and older friends can teach. Here are the top 5things nobody told me about college: 61 Nobody entering a university knows exactly wh

40、at they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, they’re lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of attendance . During my first quarter at University of California, Riverside (UCR),I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on Intern

41、ational Affairs, so that’s what I applied for. However, once I worked with statewide and local government, I realized that a better fit for me would be Public Policy, and now I am in the process of changing my area. 62 In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your

42、expectations. However, there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something. In order for you to take advantage of the conferences, research, internships ,and fellowships that your university offers, apply! Step into your academic advisor’s office, introdu

43、ce yourself, and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career. Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone, and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask. 63 College is where you meet your bird

44、esmaids, neighbors, and potential bosses. The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in . You are only one person, and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with

45、 your purpose. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description. 64 As a first-year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noti

46、ced. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor, asking him for support towards my initiavives, met with the Vive C

47、hancellors, and coorerated with my teaching assistances to begin my undergraduate research protect. Nothing good will happen when you are silent. 65 At my high school, there were about only four active club and organizations that students could be a part of. Imagine my surprise when I stepp

48、ed foot onto UCR’s campus, where over 400 organizations exist, ranging from political organizations to karate club. You are not paying all or your tuition(學(xué)費)to merely go to class, study,pass tests and graduate. Make something worthy out of your experience. Create that you will want to tell your gra

49、ndchildren one day. It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization. 61. 【答案】F 【解析】 試題分析：根據(jù)本段的句子Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, they’re lying and will probably change what they want to purse within the first quarter of atte

50、ndance .可知，這段主要介紹了：你的專業(yè)在大學(xué)一年級不重要。故選F。 考點：考查段落大意 62. 【答案】C 【解析】 試題分析：根據(jù)本段的句子In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations.可知，這段主要介紹了：機會不斷增加。故選C。 考點：考查段落大意 63. 【答案】E 考點：考查段落大意 64. 【答案】B 【解析】 試題分析：根據(jù)本段的句子Nothing good will happen when you are silent.可知，這段主要介紹了：

51、你說的話實際上非常重要。故選B。 考點：考查段落大意 65. 【答案】A 【解析】 試題分析： 根據(jù)本段的句子It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.可知，這段主要介紹了：參與一些學(xué)生的活動。故選A。 考點：考查段落大意 【名師點睛】任務(wù)型閱讀出題模式與往年相同，給段落添加首句，考查學(xué)生對信息的提取和把握能力。由于關(guān)鍵詞匯不易混淆，所以難度略有下降。如61題，段落中的what you want to study和選項F中的major 匹配；62.題，段落中的chances和選項C的opportunities

52、是同義詞；63題段落中的wise和選項E的smart是近義詞；64題段落中的silent和選項B的voice是關(guān)聯(lián)詞；65題段落中的organization 和A項的activities也有聯(lián)系。 7.【河南省重點中學(xué)協(xié)作體2016屆高三第二次適應(yīng)性考試】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 We all go through times when we feel we are not good enough. We might feel that way at work or in school or even as a parent. He

53、re are some things to remember when you feel like that. 36.When I started my Ph.D. program, I felt like the dumbest person in every class. I couldn’t believe how many smart people were there. I didn’t know if I could measure up to their intelligence or compete in the same league with them. Years

54、later, I found out that almost everyone felt this way, too. Youare unique and have special talents. If you can barely make Hamburger Helper , don’t compare yourself to your sister who is a chef(廚師). I’m sure you can do many things that she can’t.37You are you. You are not your sister. Youn

55、eed to stop chasing perfection. It doesn’t exist. What’s perfect to me is not perfect to you. So if you think that there is some objective measurement of perfection and that the rest of the world is judging you against, then you are wrong.38. 39.Our sense of self-worth is based in our thoughts.

56、We have been programmed for many years with thoughts about ourselves. Messages come from our parents, our peers, teachers, the media and our own labels. But guess what? They are only thoughts. Just because you think these thoughts, it doesn’t make them true. 40. A. You have the power to change your

57、 future. B. So focus on your own passions and talents. C. You are not the only one who feels this way. D. If you love yourself for who you are, other people will notice. E. You need to change your thought patterns. F. One of my favorite sayings is, “Don’t believe a negative thought you think!”

58、 G. Most people are too worried about their own lack of perfection to judge you. 【答案】 36C 37B 38G 39E 40F 考點：考查教育類閱讀 8.【江西師大附中、鷹潭一中2016屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。 ____36 When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive ge

59、ts a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. 37 . The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and so

60、me sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans.38 It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the

61、“l(fā)ife-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “l(fā)ux

62、ury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment.39 On this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income inc

63、reases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth levelprobably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudic

64、e.40 In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels. A. Then a third level appeared. B. Different people have different wants on each level. C. There are several levels of wants in one’s life. D. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another

65、level appears E. At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure. F. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing. G. Human wants seem endless. 【答案】 36.G 37.D 38.A 39.F 40.E 考點：考查信息匹配。 【名師點睛】 關(guān)于七選五的做題步驟： 1、通讀全文，對文章進行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因為“開門見山”與“結(jié)尾總