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1、半月談：如何看懂十八屆三中全會公報
公報是黨和國家公開發(fā)布重大事件或重要決定事項的新聞報道性公文。公報具有權(quán)威性、指導(dǎo)性和新聞性。
除了“公報”之外，一般黨的系統(tǒng)還有“決定”、“決議”、“文件”，政府系統(tǒng)還有“工作報告”。
《法制晚報》記者盤點1978年以來歷屆三中全會，發(fā)現(xiàn)每次三中全會均在閉幕當(dāng)天發(fā)布公報。
十一屆三中全會公報字?jǐn)?shù)最多
公報其實就是會議對外發(fā)布的新聞報道，將會議的主要信息向大家告知，所以在字?jǐn)?shù)上會有所控制。
從最近幾屆來看，一般為兩三千字。盤點7次公報，字?jǐn)?shù)最多的是十一屆三中全會之后的公報，約7650字。
而此后召開的十二屆三中全會發(fā)
2、布了歷屆以來字?jǐn)?shù)最少會議公報，約520字。
而今日發(fā)布的十八屆三中全會公報全文為5059字。
“三段論”重點突出用詞嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)
歷屆三中全會公報一般分三大部分：開篇、正文和結(jié)尾。開篇通常包括會議的時間、地點、參會人員等會議的基本信息，結(jié)尾一般是號召貫徹全會精神。
“公報正文部分是會議的主要內(nèi)容，但公報并不會談特別具體的問題，只是會把會議的主要內(nèi)容告知。如果涉及改革，就把改革的主要內(nèi)容說一下，讓大家心里有個數(shù)?！北本┐髮W(xué)社會發(fā)展研究所王文章副教授分析說。
審議黨的綱領(lǐng)性文件是三中全會的重要議題，公報正文中一般都有專門段落點出審議通過的重要“決定”。
公報中會包括對政
3、治思想理論的表述。會談及經(jīng)濟形勢和改革任務(wù)，除了肯定成績，也可能會提及或流露出某些問題和不足。
從公報內(nèi)容可以預(yù)判出改革攻堅區(qū)。公報會針對社會主義市場經(jīng)濟存在的問題提出解決辦法。
“此前幾屆三中全會都會發(fā)布‘關(guān)于改革的若干決定’，與公報主要以發(fā)布會議信息為主不同，‘決定’談的是具體的改革方案，字?jǐn)?shù)也比公報多，一般有萬余字?！蓖跷恼陆忉屨f。
有媒體評論指出，公報措辭一般也有嚴(yán)格意義，政改歷來強調(diào)“既積極又穩(wěn)妥”，有序推進，漸進實施。如果文件只說“積極”或者“穩(wěn)妥”，將可能意味著某種方向性調(diào)整，引出十分復(fù)雜的解讀猜想。
三中全會公報如何執(zhí)行?
新華社報道稱，三中全會作
4、出重要“決定”后，將由各屆全會、中央工作會議、國務(wù)院具體落實。實際上三中全會涉及改革面比較廣。
11月5日，清華大學(xué)國情研究院院長胡鞍鋼在《光明日報》刊文稱，三中全會“決定”是一個“五位一體”的制度建設(shè)和體制改革總體方案，將全面推進統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)五大領(lǐng)域的改革以及黨的建設(shè)制度改革。因此具體執(zhí)行時，除了國務(wù)院各部門之外，社會各界都會參與其中。
北京大學(xué)社會發(fā)展研究所王文章副教授對法制晚報介紹，公報發(fā)布后的一兩天內(nèi)，就會發(fā)出“關(guān)于改革的若干建議的決定”，細(xì)化的改革在“決定”里面有，接下來就開始執(zhí)行了。
歷屆三中全會決定和方案回顧
1978年，十
5、一屆三中全會，確定了解放思想、實事求是、團結(jié)一致向前看的指導(dǎo)方針;作出把工作重點轉(zhuǎn)移到社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)上來和實行改革開放的決策;全會審查和解決了歷史上遺留的一批重大問題和一些重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的功過是非問題;十一屆三中全會達(dá)7000多字的公報有其特殊的歷史背景。因為1978年中國正處于社會大轉(zhuǎn)折時期，在當(dāng)時的形勢下，需要說的問題比較多，需要解決的問題比較多，既要思想解放、平反冤假錯案，又要進行改革開放，解決農(nóng)業(yè)問題、發(fā)展問題，所以涉及面會比較廣泛。
1984年，十二屆三中全會，通過了《中共中央關(guān)于經(jīng)濟體制改革的決定》，規(guī)定了改革的方向、性質(zhì)、任務(wù)和方針政策，是指導(dǎo)中國經(jīng)濟體制改革的綱領(lǐng)性文件;
6、
1988年，十三屆三中全會，通過了《關(guān)于價格、工資改革的初步方案》，確定治理經(jīng)濟環(huán)境、整頓經(jīng)濟秩序、全面深化改革的指導(dǎo)方針。這次會議為進一步深化經(jīng)濟改革掃清了道路;
1993年，十四屆三中全會，制定了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的基本框架，提出包括建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度、深化農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟體制改革和擴大對外開放等政策方向;
1998年，十五屆三中全會，通過了《中共中央關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村工作若干重大問題的決定》。提出堅持以家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營體制;
2003年，十六屆三中全會，通過《中共中央關(guān)于完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制若干問題的決定》,提出鼓勵非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、國企改革、轉(zhuǎn)變政
7、府職能、建立現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)權(quán)制度等;
2008年，十七屆三中全會，通過《中共中央關(guān)于推進農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展若干重大問題的決定》,提出加強農(nóng)村制度建設(shè);積極發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，提高農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力;加快發(fā)展農(nóng)村公共事業(yè);
2013年，十八屆三中全會，通過《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》，指出全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度，推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。
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半月談：如何看懂十八三中全會公報
