2020【人教版】必修四：Unit 1 Period 3 Grammar 講義含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Period 3　Grammar 1.掌握重要詞匯,如look down upon, refer to的用法。 2.理解主謂一致的概念,掌握主謂一致的基本原則、分類和用法。 1.通過對(duì)教材P88的閱讀,掌握主謂一致的基本規(guī)則和用法。 2.通過本章節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí),在具體語言環(huán)境中掌握主謂一致并學(xué)以致用。 重點(diǎn)短語 1.　　　　 　　　　　　　　蔑視;瞧不起 2.　　　　 　　　　查閱;參考;談到 重點(diǎn)語法 主謂一致 自我核對(duì) 重點(diǎn)短語: 1.look down upon / on　2.refer to

2、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空 1.Neither you nor your sister 　　　　(has / have) been working hard. 2.Fifteen percent of the students 　　　　(is / are) absent today. 3.One thousand dollars 　　　　(is / are) a lot of money to such a little child. 4.Your brother, as well as his friends,　　　　(is / are) very kind to us. 5.What he

3、 said 　　　　(is / are) reasonable. 6.The class 　　　　(is / are) the best in the school. 7.News 　　　　(is / are) indispensable to our life. 8.The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them 　　　　(was / were) not. 9.The singer and dancer 　　　　(is / are) welcomed warmly by the local people. 10.No

4、teacher and no student 　　　　(is / are) listening to the lecture. 　　【答案】1.has　2.are　3.is　4.is　5.is　6.is　7.is 8.were　9.is　10.is 1.look down upon 閱讀下列句子,注意look down upon的意思及用法。 She looks down upon people whove never been to university.她瞧不起沒上過大學(xué)的人。 You cant look down upon a person because h

5、e is poor.你不能因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)人窮而瞧不起他。 　　通過觀察以上句子,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)look down upon意思是“　　　　　　　　”。 　　【答案】蔑視;瞧不起 look on sb / sth as把某人/物看作 look on 袖手旁觀 look into sth 調(diào)查或?qū)彶槟呈挛? look up 查閱(單詞、資料);向上看 look (sb) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb / sth警惕或留心某人 / 物 look forward to 盼望 look through 瀏覽;快速查看 Ⅰ.完成句子 (1) H

6、e was 　　　　　　　　　　　　(被人看不起) because he was born in a poor family. (2) He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　(被認(rèn)為是) the leading authority on the subject. (3) If you want to know how a word is used, 　　　　it 　　　　in a dictionary. (4) The old couple miss their son very much.They are　　　　 　　　　　　　　(盼望) his return. (5)Please

7、be patient.The police will　　　　 　　　　(調(diào)查) the accident as soon as possible. 　　【答案】(1)looked down upon　(2)looked on as　(3)look; up　(4)looking forward to　(5)look into Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 I dont　　　　 any student even if he often fails his exams. A.look up to　　　　　　　B.look up C.look down D.look down upon 　　【答案與解析

8、】D　句意:我不會(huì)瞧不起任何一個(gè)學(xué)生,即使他經(jīng)常考試不及格。look down upon“瞧不起”。 2.refer to 閱讀下列句子,注意refer to的意思及用法。 These books refer to Asian problems.這些書涉及亞洲問題。 She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.當(dāng)我們談話時(shí),她以為我指的是她的女兒。 Please refer to the dictionary if you dont know how to pronounce the wor

9、d.如果你不知道這個(gè)單詞如何發(fā)音,請(qǐng)查字典。 　　通過觀察以上句子,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)refer to意為“　　　　　　　　　　　”。 　　【答案】指的是;涉及;查閱 get down to 著手做 keep to 遵守 take to 開始從事;沉湎于 turn to 求助于 lead to導(dǎo)致;引起;通向 stick to 堅(jiān)持 prefer sth to sth喜歡某事物而不喜歡其他事物 完成句子 (1)Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was 　　　　　　　　(指的是). (2)

10、He gave the speech 　　　　　　　　　　　　(沒有參閱) his notes. (3)He likes to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(被稱為) “Doctor Khee”. 　　【答案】(1)referring to　(2)without referring to　(3)be referred to as 主謂一致 一、主謂一致的概念及基本原則 所謂主謂一致就是指在句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞必須在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。主謂一致涉及三個(gè)基本原則,即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。 1.語法一致。語法一致是指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系,主

11、語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子不想與我一起度假。 My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。 2.意義一致。意義一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記。 主語形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The only people who are interested in the

12、book seem to be lawyers.唯一對(duì)這本書感興趣的人好像是律師們。 The majority of primary school teachers are women.大多數(shù)小學(xué)老師是女的。 主語形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。 Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.桌球在一些城市里越來越受歡迎。 3.就近一致。就近一致原則是指當(dāng)主語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一

13、致。 There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining room.餐廳中央有一張方桌和幾把椅子。 Either your students or William knows this.不是你的學(xué)生就是威廉知道這件事。 二、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 1.由and, both...and連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),如果表示的人或物是不同的,或表示其他不同的觀念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示的是同一人或物、同一觀念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Mary and her sister are intere

14、sted in playing chess.瑪麗和她的妹妹對(duì)下棋感興趣。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位農(nóng)民作家正在會(huì)議室里演講。 2.兩個(gè)作主語的名詞或代詞由or, not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor...等連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)遵循就近一致原則,與后面那個(gè)主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher hasnt come.學(xué)生們和老師都沒來。 Eithe

15、r he or I am wrong.不是他錯(cuò)就是我錯(cuò)。 3.由and連接兩個(gè)表示單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語,其主語由every, each, no等詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都得到了一張票。 Each hour and each minute is precious.每一小時(shí)每一分鐘都是寶貴的。 4.當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)的時(shí)候,即使其后有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, like, besides, but,

16、except, in addition to等詞引導(dǎo)的短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。 The manager together with some workers is visiting a foreign factory.經(jīng)理和一些工人在參觀一家外國(guó)工廠。 My mother as well as my father has a key to the office.我的母親和我的父親都有辦公室的鑰匙。 三、單一名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 1.有些學(xué)科名詞如physics, maths, politics等在形式上雖然是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但其實(shí)質(zhì)意義表示單數(shù)概念。它們作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

17、Physics is my favorite subject.物理是我最喜愛的學(xué)科。 2.動(dòng)名詞、不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,從句作主語時(shí)也用單數(shù)形式。 Learning English is not very difficult as long as you work hard.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)英語不是很難。 To do experiment is a good way to find out answers to questions.做實(shí)驗(yàn)是找出問題答案的好辦法。 3.有些集體名詞如class, family, team等既可以表示單數(shù),又可以表示復(fù)數(shù)。這類集體名詞作主語

18、時(shí),如果它們所表示的人或物是作一個(gè)整體來理解,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果作為若干個(gè)體來理解,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Jacks family is a big one.杰克的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。 My family are watching TV.我的家人在看電視。 四、其他情況的主謂一致 1.“the +形容詞”表一類人或物,當(dāng)它表示一類人時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,當(dāng)它表示個(gè)別的或抽象的概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The sick are taken good care of in this hospital.病人們?cè)谶@家醫(yī)院得到很好的照顧。 The beautiful is loved

19、 by everyone.美的東西人人喜愛。 2.在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One of the men doctors is visiting the patient.其中一位男醫(yī)生正在看望那個(gè)病人。 3.none of后面如果連的是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果后面接的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 None of my friends have / has arrived yet.我的朋友們都還沒有到達(dá)。 4.number of前加a表示“許多的;大量的”,其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。numbe

20、r of前加the表示數(shù)量、數(shù)目,其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 A number of scientists are invited to attend the conference.許多科學(xué)家獲邀參加這次會(huì)議。 The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller now.現(xiàn)在野生動(dòng)物的數(shù)量正在變得越來越小。 5.在“there be +并列主語”這一句型中,一般情況下謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇遵循就近一致原則,與最近的一個(gè)主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 There is a book and two pens on the d

21、esk.課桌上有一本書和兩支鋼筆。 6.“many a / more than one +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！癿ore than two (three...) +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“兩個(gè)(三個(gè)……)以上”。 Many a boy is playing basketball on the playground.許多男孩在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。 More than two children are naughty in my class.在我班,不止兩個(gè)孩子很淘氣。 7.主語為表示距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值、金額、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

22、 Two miles is too far for the old man.兩英里對(duì)這位老人來說太遠(yuǎn)了。 Three years has passed.三年過去了。 8.定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞的數(shù)決定;若先行詞是“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,用復(fù)數(shù)形式,若是“the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,用單數(shù)形式。 I, who am old, have never seen such a thing.我雖年老了,卻從未見過這樣的事。 He is one of the students who come from England.他是來自英國(guó)的學(xué)生之一。

23、 He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是我們班唯一英語說得好的男生。 9.“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a large quantity of +名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)一致,但“(large / huge)quantities / amounts of +名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A large quantity of people need our help.許多人需要我們的幫助。 Quantities of cloth

24、es have been bought for the children.已經(jīng)為孩子們買了大量的衣服。 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 (1)The public　　　　(be) the best judge because the public always　　　　(express) their thoughts correctly. (2)Mr Smith together with his wife and two daughters　　　　(be) going to visit China next week. (3)None of these books 　　　　(be) e

25、asy enough for us. (4)Ten dollars　　　　(be) what he wanted most at that moment. (5)Canada is the only one of the countries that 　　　 (have) good supply of fresh water. (6)The rich　　　　(be) not always happy. (7)Our team　　　　(be) all playing very hard during the whole match. (8)A cart and horse　　　　(b

26、e) seen in the distance. (9)Large quantities of oil　　　　(be) found under the ground in that area. (10)The number of students in the university　　　　(rise) by 6% every year. 　　【答案】(1)is; express　(2)is　(3)are / is　(4)was　(5)has　(6)are　(7)were　(8)was　(9)are　(10)rises 選詞填空 enjoy; refer; be; support;

27、 know; hold; have; cover; watch; look 1.The man that Tom often　　　　 to is to hand out the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. 2.In the year 2012 the Olympic Games　　　　 in London. 3.Stories of the Long March　　　　 popular with the young people. 4.　　　　 either of your parents come to see you

28、 recently? 5.The whole family　　　　 TV attentively at the moment. 6.Seventy-five percent of the earths surface　　　　 with water. 7.Neither my classmates nor my teacher　　　　 down upon the poor students. 8.Many a student　　　　 something about Abraham Lincoln. 9.Every one, men and women, old and young 　　　　sports and games. 10.Nobody but Jane　　　　 her best friend. 　　【答案】1.refers　2.were held　3.are　4.Has　5.are watching　6.is covered　7.looks　8.knows　9.enjoys 10.supports / supported ●溫馨貼士 本課時(shí)的核心部分為“主謂一致”,知識(shí)要點(diǎn)圖解如下: