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1、第六講第六講 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞是歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)，試題多從基本結(jié)構(gòu)和基本用法入手，結(jié)合具體的語境進(jìn)行考查。以后高考還將繼續(xù)對(duì)該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考查，而且試題將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)“情景化”和“設(shè)問角度多樣化”的特點(diǎn)?？疾榈慕嵌葘⒗^續(xù)以非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、賓語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語等為重點(diǎn)。.動(dòng)詞不定式一、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 及物與不及物 語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)類別及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式一般式(與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生)to maketo be madeto go進(jìn)行式(在謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行)to be makingto be going及物與不及物 語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)類別及物動(dòng)詞不
2、及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式完成式(發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前)to have madeto have been madeto have gone完成進(jìn)行式(發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前并且一直持續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，仍在進(jìn)行)to have been makingto have been going二、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能要點(diǎn)典句示例動(dòng)詞不定式主語常用it作形式主語， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)It is necessary for us to learn a second language.Its very hard to learn an art.表語表示主語的“職業(yè)，職責(zé)和性質(zhì)”等My goal is
3、to be a scientist.Her work is to clean the room every day.要點(diǎn)典句示例動(dòng)詞不定式賓語不定式作賓語時(shí)，往往跟在某些及物動(dòng)詞后面。常見的有：afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等The boy pretended to have fallen asleep.They refused to take him back.不定式在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，則后接不帶to的不定式，否則帶to。此外，cann
4、ot choose but和cannot help but，cannot but等后面的不定式也省略toWe could do nothing but wait.We have no choice but to wait.We cant choose but wait.要點(diǎn)典句示例動(dòng)詞不定式賓語不定式作動(dòng)詞的賓語，其后跟補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而把不定式后置I make it a rule to do tai chi every morning.tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，advise，discuss等動(dòng)詞可跟“疑問詞不定式”作賓語?！?/p>
5、疑問詞不定式”也可作主語、表語，相當(dāng)于名詞性從句He showed us how to do the work.What to do hasnt been decided.要點(diǎn)典句示例動(dòng)詞不定式定語不定式作定語時(shí)，須放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面作后置定語，不定式和所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就要有相應(yīng)的介詞I have a meeting to attend.He has a nice pen to write with.不定式可用在名詞、代詞、序數(shù)詞(the first，the last等)、the only和形容詞最高級(jí)等后面作后置定語，不定式與被修飾的詞有邏輯上的
6、主謂關(guān)系She is always the first to come to school.說明所修飾的名詞的內(nèi)容，與該詞存在同位關(guān)系。常用于chance，opportunity，time，money，decision，refusal，wish，right等詞后I must keep the promise to pay within a month.動(dòng)詞不定式賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式常用在下列動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)，如：advise，allow，permit，ask，beg，request，enable，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，teach，tell，co
7、mmand，order，urge，instruct，cause，invite，want，wish，persuade，recommend，warn，oblige等Its hard to persuade Dad to give up smoking.動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe等感官動(dòng)詞以及have，let，make等使役動(dòng)詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略。但如果這些句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，必須帶toI heard my neighbour lock the door.I will have all my frie
8、nds come over this weekend.My neighbour was heard to lock the door.不詞不定式狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等She did all she could to save him.(目的狀語)They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.(結(jié)果狀語)My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.(結(jié)果狀語)目的狀語還可以用in order to或so as to來表示，但so as to不能置于句首，
9、only to do，so.as to do和such.as to do中的不定式均作結(jié)果狀語In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.He was so angry as to be unable to speak.特別提醒：1.不定式的否定形式的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符號(hào)“to”前直接加上not，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)也可以用否定詞never來否定。Its wrong of you not to go to school on time.2.動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。“for名詞(代詞)不定式”可構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，它在句中可用作：主語、表語、賓語、定語
10、、狀語等。For a child to do that job is just inconceivable.讓一個(gè)孩子做這項(xiàng)工作那真是不可思議。kind，silly，bad，honest，stupid，clever等表示人物特性的形容詞后接這種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不用介詞for，而用of。例如：Its very kind of you to do so.3.不定式to后的內(nèi)容省略。有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to來代替，這種情況常出現(xiàn)在expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try之后；或出現(xiàn)在be glad/happy，would like/love等后面
11、。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be，have，have been，則這些詞要保留。I havent been to Hong Kong，but I wish to.Susan is not what she used to be.4.當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have you got anything to send？你有什么東西要寄嗎？(不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”)Have you got anything to be sent？你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎？(不定式to be
12、sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)5.不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon with？(A knife cuts the watermelon.)6.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。There is a lot of work to do.(Someone has to do the work.)There is a lot of work to be done.(T
13、he work has to be done.)7.在“be性質(zhì)形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。常見的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，good，fit，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等。This book is difficult to understand.這本書很難讀懂。This kind of fish is nice to eat.這種魚很好吃。.動(dòng)詞ing形式一、動(dòng)詞ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 形式主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)意義典句示例一般式doingbeing
14、done表示動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I approved of his taking part in the project.完成式having done having been done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前Having finished the lessons，all the students went back home.二、動(dòng)詞ing形式的句法功能成分主要用法典句示例主語常用于以下句型：It isno use/gooddoing sth.It was no use sending him to a hospital.表語說明主語的特征及具體內(nèi)容，一般表示比較抽象的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作H
15、is job is building houses.賓語只能跟動(dòng)詞ing(動(dòng)名詞)作賓語的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考慮)，delay，dislike，enjoy，fancy，escape，excuse，finish，forgive，imagine，mind，miss(錯(cuò)過)，practise，risk，suggest，be /get used to，cant help，cant stand(無法忍受)，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to
16、，stick to，object to，get down to，spend time doing sth.，have difficulty(in)doing sth.等We must practise speaking English every morning.I never enjoy making friends with such a proud girl.You must not give up studying.成分主要用法典句示例同位語補(bǔ)充說明前面名詞(代詞)的內(nèi)容His job，building a house，is almost done.定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性狀
17、態(tài)或動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。單個(gè)詞要前置，短語要后置The boy lying on the ground(The boy who was lying on the ground)was a student.He was an inspiring leader.賓語補(bǔ)足語1.賓語與動(dòng)詞ing形式有主謂關(guān)系2.動(dòng)詞ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或反復(fù)重復(fù)及持續(xù)I saw the horse running there.成分主要用法典句示例狀語1.一般式(doing)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生2.完成式(having done)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)
18、作發(fā)生3.可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況Having cleaned the rooms，we began to weed the garden.(時(shí)間)Being ill，he couldnt go to school.(原因)Working diligently，you will certainly succeed.(條件)My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.(結(jié)果)Traveling by train，we visited a number of cities.(方式)Mary sat
19、by the window of the classroom，reading a book.(伴隨)特別提醒：1.動(dòng)詞ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not。一般式：not doing 完成式：not having done。2.動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞所有格或物主代詞后加動(dòng)詞ing(動(dòng)名詞)，即構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞ing形式(動(dòng)名詞)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即：sbs/his/your/my doing sth.這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多用作主語或賓語。Sophias having seen them did not surprise us.索菲亞看見了他們，并不使我們感到驚訝。(作主語)Excuse my inte
20、rrupting you.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖驍嗄愕脑挕?作賓語)3.動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，只能用sb.s doing sth.；而充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，sb.s/sb.doing sth.兩者都能使用。All of us understood Mikes/Mike/him/his not being admitted to Shandong University.Xiao Wangs coming late made his teacher very angry.4.動(dòng)詞ing形式的一些常見結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)generally/frankly/personally speaking，judging fr
21、om/by，considering，speaking of等沒有形式的變化，即不需要考慮邏輯主語。(2)Its no use/no good doing sth.做是沒有用的。(3)There is no point in doing sth.做某事無意義。(4)There is no possibility of doing sth.不可能做某事。.動(dòng)詞ed形式成分主要用法典句示例表語動(dòng)詞ed形式(過去分詞)作表語一般用來表示感受或狀態(tài)(連系動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ed形式/過去分詞)The window was broken.定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，表示被動(dòng)或完成，單個(gè)分詞前置，分詞短語作定語時(shí)后置He
22、is an experienced teacher.The book published in March sells well.成分主要用法典句示例賓語補(bǔ)足語及物動(dòng)詞的ed形式作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表完成。不及物動(dòng)詞的ed形式作賓補(bǔ)表狀態(tài)、情況。下列動(dòng)詞常帶賓補(bǔ)：1.表示感覺和心理狀況的動(dòng)詞：think，hear，feel，see，watch，find等2.使役動(dòng)詞：have，get，let，make，leave等3.表示希望和要求等的動(dòng)詞：wish，want，like，order等I saw the horse tied to a tree.He found the cup
23、broken.I have never heard this song sung in English.He made it known to everyone that he was right.成分主要用法典句示例狀語動(dòng)詞ed形式的一般式(done)同動(dòng)詞的ing形式的完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)均與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生。動(dòng)詞ed形式(過去分詞)和動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，且和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用它們作狀語。但獨(dú)立成分如：generally speaking，judging fro
24、m，considering除外。動(dòng)詞的ed形式作狀語時(shí)可表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、伴隨等。Given(Having been given)a wrong number，I couldnt contact him over phone.(原因)Being blind，how could they see an elephant？(原因)Given a chance，we can surprise the world.(條件)When asked about his family，he made no answer.(時(shí)間)Seriously injured，he had to be taken
25、 to hospital.(原因)Though warned of the danger，he still skated on the thin ice.(讓步)Given more time，I can do it better.(條件)The professor came into the classroom，followed by some students.(伴隨)特別提醒：1.不及物動(dòng)詞的ed形式一般只表示“完成”，沒有被動(dòng)意義例如：developed areasareas that have developed2.及物動(dòng)詞的ed形式既可表示被動(dòng)又可表示完成Seen from the
26、 top of the building，the park is more beautiful.Bitten by a dog，she is afraid to go out at night.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，就是分詞或不定式有其自己的獨(dú)立主語，可以不與主句的主語保持一致。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。此結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中起原因、方式、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨情況狀語從句的作用。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)與句子的主體部分分隔開來。其功能和用法見下表：表現(xiàn)形式意義典句示例名詞/代詞動(dòng)詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞) 動(dòng)詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，動(dòng)詞ed形式(過去分詞)表被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成
27、Weather permitting，well go out for a walk.Homework finished，the boy went out to play.不定式表將來，計(jì)劃安排要做的事The exam to be held tomorrow，I cant go to the cinema tonight.形容詞/副詞表示名詞或代詞所處的狀態(tài)Our lessons(being)over，we went to play football.介詞短語表位置The girl is walking in the field，packet on back.名詞表狀態(tài)或情況His book a
28、 best seller，he is very happy.表現(xiàn)形式意義典句示例with名詞/代詞現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.過去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成She had to walk home with her bike stolen.不定式表將來I cant go out to play with so much homework to do.(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))形容詞表狀態(tài)He used to sleep with windows open.副詞表狀態(tài)He went up to s
29、leep with lights on.介詞短語表位置The children came running toward us，with flowers in their hands.特別提醒：1.with結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，它在句中作狀語或定語2.with結(jié)構(gòu)中一定不用謂語動(dòng)詞形式3.with結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞是指那些無形容詞形式的副詞，如：on，down，in，out，up，away等4.表示否定意義時(shí)，可用without5.將with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞with去掉，則成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)只能作狀語，不能作定語6.如果主句的主語是with后不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.非謂語動(dòng)詞
30、辨析功能動(dòng)詞ing動(dòng)詞ed動(dòng)詞不定式主語動(dòng)詞ing形式多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身。Collecting stamps can enlarge ones knowledge.集郵可以擴(kuò)大一個(gè)人的知識(shí)面。不定式則表示具體的某一次行為或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作本身，不過有時(shí)二者之間的區(qū)別很小。To teach the three children is my job this afternoon.功能動(dòng)詞ing動(dòng)詞ed動(dòng)詞不定式賓語常接動(dòng)詞ing(動(dòng)名詞)作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)：advise(建議)，admit(承認(rèn))，appreciate(感激)，avoid(避免)，cant
31、 help(禁不住)，consider(考慮)，delay(推遲)，enjoy(欣賞)，escape(逃脫)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，keep(on)(繼續(xù))，mind(介意)，practice(練習(xí))，suggest(建議)，miss(錯(cuò)過)，feel like(意欲)，devote.to(把獻(xiàn)給)，get used to(習(xí)慣于)，look forward to(期望)，object to(反對(duì))，set about(開始)，put off(推遲)等。The doctor advised taking more exercise.醫(yī)生建議多鍛煉。I suggested
32、 doing it in a different way.我建議用不同的方法做這件事?？捎脛?dòng)名詞，也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動(dòng)詞如下：可用動(dòng)名詞，也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別不大的動(dòng)詞如下：afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)，agree(同意)，decide(決定)，determine(決定)，expect(期望)，hope(希望)，manage(設(shè)法)，refuse(拒絕)，want(想)，wish(希望)，offer(提供)，pretend(假裝)，promise(許諾)，choose(選擇)，fail(失敗)，long(渴望)等。begin(開始)，continue(繼續(xù))，like(
33、喜歡)，love(喜愛)，prefer(寧愿)，start(開始)，hate(討厭)等。下列動(dòng)詞(短語)后接動(dòng)名詞或不定式時(shí)，意義差別較大。功能動(dòng)詞ing動(dòng)詞ed表語動(dòng)詞的ing形式作表語時(shí)，表示主語的內(nèi)容和具有的特征。His hobby is collecting stamps.The problem is quite puzzling.動(dòng)詞ed形式在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)，含有被動(dòng)的意思。All the doors are locked.(ed形式作表語，表示狀態(tài))The cup is broken.定語falling leaves正在下落的樹葉，develo
34、ping countries發(fā)展中國家She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.She went on board the train，which was leaving for Shanghai.There are two roads before us：one leading to the beach，the other to the park.There are two roads before us：one which leads to the beach，the other to the park.動(dòng)詞ed(短語)作定語與它所修
35、飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。fallen leaves落葉，developed countries發(fā)達(dá)的國家The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world.“Things lost never come again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.功能動(dòng)詞ing動(dòng)詞ed動(dòng)詞不定式賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或反復(fù)重復(fù)及持續(xù)。He saw a girl getting on the car.(She was gett
36、ing on the car.)動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表被動(dòng)和完成。Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop.(表被動(dòng))不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作的全過程結(jié)束了。He saw a girl get on the car and drive off.(She got on the car and drove off.)狀語動(dòng)詞ing表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨、讓步等狀語。Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park eve
37、n more beautiful.(see與主語we之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系)動(dòng)詞ed表被動(dòng)或完成，同動(dòng)詞ing一樣可作多種狀語。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.(see與主語the park之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)不定式作狀語一般常作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語。不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：不定式作結(jié)果狀語往往表示意想不到的或不愿看到的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。His parents died，leaving him an orphan.He hurried to the booking
38、office only to be told all the tickets ha d been sold out.(“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，tell和主語he之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因而應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))特別提醒：高考頻繁考查的能接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞1.感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，notice等詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語有四種形式，以see為例：(1)see賓語do看見做了(2)see賓語doing看見正在做(3)see賓語being done看見正在被做(4)see賓語done看見被做I heard her sing a
39、n English song just now.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。(主動(dòng)，完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱英文歌。(主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見一個(gè)小女孩正在唱英文歌。(被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)Id like to see the plan carried ou
40、t.我想看到這個(gè)計(jì)劃被執(zhí)行。(被動(dòng)，沒有一定的時(shí)間性)注意：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表完成或狀態(tài)。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.我低頭看了一眼我的脖子，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的項(xiàng)鏈不見了。(不及物動(dòng)詞，狀態(tài))I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.發(fā)現(xiàn)我的家鄉(xiāng)變化如此之大我感到很吃驚。(不及物動(dòng)詞，完成)2.使役動(dòng)詞let后加復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，有兩種情況：(1)let賓語do讓做(2)let賓語be done讓被做Dont let your child play with
41、matches.別讓你的孩子玩火柴。My fathers just had his operation and the doctor wont let me see him yet.我父親剛動(dòng)過手術(shù)，醫(yī)生還不允許我去看他。Let the work be done immediately.工作要馬上去做。3.leave后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，意為“使處于某種狀態(tài)”。如：Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對(duì)的。(主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched
42、，because they didnt taste delicious.大部分的菜客人們沒有動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾豢煽凇?被動(dòng)，完成)He left，leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了，留下我一個(gè)人去做剩余的所有工作。(主動(dòng)，將來)We hurriedly ended our meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會(huì)議，留下了很多問題等待解決。(被動(dòng)，將來)4.have，get后可以接動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞三種形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，have，get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。(1)have
43、sth.doneget sth.done使/讓某事由別人去做(叫/讓某人做某事)。如：Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(請(qǐng)人)修一下我的自行車。此外，have sth.done還表示“使遭受”之意。如：Tom had his leg broken while playing football.湯姆踢足球時(shí)，摔斷了腿。Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.史密斯先生在度假期間，他家被盜了。（2）如：The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線進(jìn)發(fā)。注意：have sb.doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。如：I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允許你和你父親那樣講話。如：Mother had me go/got me to go to the shop and buy some salt.媽媽讓我去商店買些食鹽。
高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第3編語法突破 第6講 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件
