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1、事實細節(jié)的理解題目占所有閱讀理解題的50%左右,是做好閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵。事實細節(jié)理解題是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論,題干針對原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。一般包括直接理解題(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提問)、語意轉(zhuǎn)化題(需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語境上的轉(zhuǎn)換,兩者存在表達上的差異,有時需要進行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論)、數(shù)字計算題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。所以破解事實細節(jié)類題目時,要網(wǎng)羅所有事實細節(jié),然后去偽存真,揭去面紗,做到撥云見日,把握住作者真正要表達的東西,選取最佳選項。做這類題一般采用尋讀法,即先讀題,然后帶著問題快速閱讀文
2、章,找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子,再對相關(guān)部分進行分析對比,找出答案。另外,在題干中尋找線索詞,并注意題干中的名詞、動詞、形容詞等實詞。注意線索詞在文章中的位置,并標出實詞的出處,為快速、準確地選擇答案打下基礎(chǔ)。下面這些線索詞能夠反映句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。如:because,since,for,as等表示因果關(guān)系;after,first,next,later,meantime等表示時間關(guān)系;above,below,behind,in front of等表示方位關(guān)系;but,on the contrary,on the other hand 等表示轉(zhuǎn)折或相對關(guān)系;furthermore,whats m
3、ore 等表示遞進關(guān)系;for instance,for example,such as等表示例證關(guān)系。這些表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞語能為考生解答細節(jié)題提供重要的線索,考生要特別注意。解答此類題目有時還要注意細讀全文,變通理解,多方歸納,綜合事實細節(jié)選定答案,平時閱讀時,注意作者描述人物、事件等細節(jié)的常用寫作手法與技巧,這樣方可以不變應(yīng)萬變,達到撥云見日的效果。【典例】(2013課標,D)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):179The National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on
4、 the north side of Trafalgar Square in London.It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more m
5、odern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.Layout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th to 15thcentury paintings,and artists include Duccio,Uccello,Van Eyck,Lippi,Mantegna,Botticelli and Memling.The main W
6、est Wing houses 16thcentury paintings,and artists include Leonardo da Vinci,Cranach,Michelangelo,Raphael,Bruegel,Bronzino,Titian and Veronese.The North Wing houses 17thcentury paintings,and artists include Caravaggio,Rubens,Poussin,Van Dyck,Velzquez,Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th to ea
7、rly 20thcentury paintings,and artists include Canaletto,Goya,Turner,Constable,Renoir and Van Gogh.Opening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm(Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free,but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations:Charing Cross (2min
8、ute walk),Leicester Square(3minute walk),Embankment(7minute walk),and Piccadilly circus (8minute walk)【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。題材為文學與藝術(shù)。本文介紹了國家美術(shù)館的基本情況、展覽內(nèi)容、展出時間和乘車路線等。 1In which centurys collection can you see religious paintings?AThe 13th. BThe 17th.CThe 18th. DThe 20th.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段信息It houses a diverse co
9、llection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to.可以得知本題選A項。答案A 2Where are Leonardo da Vincis works shown?AIn the East Wing.BIn the main West Wing.CIn the Sainsbury Wing.DIn the North Wing.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Layout部分第二段可知,Leonardo da Vinci的作品就在the main West Wing展廳。根據(jù)題目設(shè)置中的四個選項事實細節(jié),也可以排除掉A、C、D三個選項。答案B 3Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?AEmbankment. BLeicester Square.CPiccadilly Circus. DCharing Cross.解析細節(jié)理解題。從Getting There部分到達美術(shù)館乘車所需的時間(2分鐘的路程)來判斷,Charing Cross離國家美術(shù)館最近。另外細節(jié)信息是3分鐘的路程,7分鐘的路程與8分鐘的路程,最近的當然是2分鐘的步行路程。答案D