人教版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)專題2 定語從句和名詞性從句

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1、第八講　定語從句和名詞性從句 　定語從句 　　　　　　　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)辨別 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，____________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. who　解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語，指人，故用who。 2．(2019·浙江卷6月)P

2、ahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ____________ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生長) through it. where　解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作狀語，先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的the garden，故填where。 3．(2019·天津卷)My eldes

3、t son，____________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. whose　解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作work的定語，故用whose。 4．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.____________________ they→t

4、hat/which　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，things后是定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，指物，應(yīng)用that或which。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．高考對定語從句的考查集中在對關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的選用上，故分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，搞清定語從句部分缺少何種成分至關(guān)重要。 (1)當(dāng)定語從句部分缺少主語、賓語、定語時，要想到分別采用who(指人)/that(指人或物)/which(指物)/whom(指人)/whose(指人或物)。 The person who called yesterday

5、 wants to buy the house. 昨天打電話的人想買這套房子。 The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays. 這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學(xué)生，放假時商店關(guān)門。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。 (2)當(dāng)定語從句部分缺少時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語時，要想到分別

6、采用when，where，why。 I still remember the day when/on which I first came to this school. 我仍舊記得第一次來這個學(xué)校的那一天。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 銀行是在天晴之時借傘給你，到了下雨時就催你還回去的地方。 2．注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1)定語從句中用that不用which的情況： ①當(dāng)先行詞是all，an

7、y，anything，everthing，nothing等不定代詞或被它們修飾時； ②當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時； ③當(dāng)先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last等修飾時； ④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯誤而對我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。 They will never forget the persons and things thatthey’ve seen or heard of

8、 during their long journey. 他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記在他們的長途旅行中見到或聽說過的人和事。 (2)判定定語從句部分關(guān)系詞的“四步走”策略： 首先找出先行詞和定語從句，然后把先行詞與定語從句組成一個句意完整、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子(可增加介詞)；接著分析組成的句子中先行詞(包括加入的介詞)在句中充當(dāng)什么成分；最后依據(jù)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞痔钊牒线m的關(guān)系詞。 　　　　　　　　限制非限要分清 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·北京卷)The litt

9、le problems ____________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. that/which　解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，先行詞為The little problems，因此用that或which。 2．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，____________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced

10、the development of chopsticks. who　解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語，指人，所以填who。 3．(2019·浙江瑞安第一次四校聯(lián)考)The air quality in the city, ____________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. as　解析：句意為：正如報告中所表明的，在過去的兩個月里，城市的空氣質(zhì)量有所改善。此處as引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，意為“正如，正像”，指代整個主句。 4．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)In their spa

11、re time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.____________________ that→which　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，指代their garden，應(yīng)用which。 5．(2019·石家莊檢測一)Also, I think it’s helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that t

12、ourists can leave messages.____________________ that→where　解析：考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，先行詞為boards，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．定語從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種，如果在先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號的，即為非限制性定語從句。 (1)that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 (2)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分內(nèi)

13、容。 Tom failed again in the match，which was a great pity. 湯姆在比賽中又一次失利了，這是一個非常大的遺憾。 2．a(chǎn)s/which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。 as和which都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代表主句的內(nèi)容。as在句中的位置比較靈活，意為“正如，正像”；which只能用在句中，意為“這，這一點(diǎn)”。 The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didn’t help. 母親竭力說服兒子放棄吸煙，但沒有效果。 “You can’t judge

14、 a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes. 正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相”。 3．在限制性定語從句中，充當(dāng)賓語的that/whom/which不與介詞直接連用時可省略，但在非限制性定語從句中，充當(dāng)賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。 　　　　　　　　介賓結(jié)構(gòu)記心中 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry

15、 tears, none of ____________ has been proved. which　解析：句意：就人類為什么哭出眼淚，科學(xué)家提出了許多理論，但沒有一項(xiàng)理論得到過證明。先行詞為theories，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：None of thetheories has been proved.，由此可見先行詞(指“物”)在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，且介詞of已被提前，故答案為which。 2．(2019·江蘇卷)Many young people, most of ____________ were well-educated, headed for remote reg

16、ions to chase their dreams. whom　解析：句意：很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。先行詞為young people，指人，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：Most of the__young__people were well-educated.，由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，故答案為whom。 3．(2019·重慶卷)He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of ____________ were published in the 1990s. which　解析：此題

17、的先行詞是children’s books，指物，因此關(guān)系詞用which。此處是“代詞＋介詞＋which”型的非限制性定語從句。 4．(2019·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)Altogether I had five roommates，two of which arrived later.____________________ which→whom　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作介詞of的賓語，修飾先行詞five roommates。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 _______________________________________________

18、_____原則這樣解讀 1．介賓結(jié)構(gòu)是解決定語從句問題的一大法寶，即介詞后面需要跟名詞(動名詞)作賓語。 (1)在定語從句中，充當(dāng)賓語的為that/which/whom，而that不能與介詞直接連用，故介詞后填寫關(guān)系代詞時，只可能為which(指物)和whom(指人)。 (2)關(guān)系副詞when，where在定語從句中，一般可改為“介詞＋which”的情況。而why在定語從句中可替換為for which。 I saw some trees，the leaves of which were black with disease.　我看到一些樹，樹葉由于疾病是黑色的。 I still re

19、member the factory in which/where I worked. 我仍記得我工作過的那個工廠。 2．“名詞＋of which”常代替“whose＋名詞”在定語從句中作定語。 He mentioned a book，the title of which(＝whose title) I’ve forgotten.　他提到了一本書，書的名字已經(jīng)忘了。 　名詞性從句 　　　　　　　　從句判定依定義 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·北京卷)The most

20、 pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____________ one can be entirely free from dust. that　解析：本空需要連接詞引導(dǎo)表語從句，連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，也無任何意義，只起連接作用，故用that引導(dǎo)。 2．(2019·天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion ____________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. that　解析：suggestion后是同位語從句，從句

21、的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義均完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。 3．(2019·陜西檢測一)Such stories set up thinking，wondering ____________ we should do under similar circumstances. what　解析：考查連接詞。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作do的賓語。 4．(2019·重慶南開中學(xué)月考)____________ I am talking about is not the recent movies，but the village in England with the same name. What　解析：句意

22、：我正談?wù)摰牟皇亲罱碾娪?，而是與這部電影同名的一個英國村莊。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知____________ I am talking about為主語從句，從句中缺少about的賓語，表示事物，故填What。 5．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.____________________ that→where　解析：賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。 6．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how to do dur

23、ing the holiday.____________________ how→what　解析：從句中的do是及物動詞，故應(yīng)用連接代詞what作動詞do的賓語。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．名詞性從句“語法性”最強(qiáng)，難度最大。在解答這類問題時要緊抓其基本定義，掌握名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 引導(dǎo)詞 用法 連詞 that, whether, if等 均不在句中作成分。that沒有意義，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可省略；whether和if意為“是否”，在賓語從句中可互換，但在其他名詞性從句中只

24、能用whether 連接代詞 what，who，whom，which, whatever，whoever, whichever等 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等成分 連接副詞 when，where，why，how, whenever，wherever, however等 在從句中作狀語 The doctor really doubts whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.　醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我媽媽是否能從嚴(yán)重的疾病中很快康復(fù)。 We promise whoever attends the part

25、y a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.　我們保證，任何參加這個聚會的人都有機(jī)會與那個電影明星合影。 2．如果一個從句在句中充當(dāng)主語，則稱作主語從句，在句中充當(dāng)賓語則稱作賓語從句，在句中充當(dāng)表語則稱作表語從句，在句中充當(dāng)同位語則稱作同位語從句。 What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.(主語從句) 芭芭拉·瓊斯展現(xiàn)給她的粉絲們的是誠實(shí)和快樂。 That he passed the driving test made us very ha

26、ppy.(主語從句)　他通過了駕照考試使我們非常高興。 I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had money.(表語從句) 我愿意自己創(chuàng)業(yè)——那就是如果我有錢將會做的事情。 When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.(同位語從句) 當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)的消息傳來時，他決定參軍。 3．名詞性從句需要注意以下兩點(diǎn)： (1)當(dāng)句子作主語或賓語時往往顯得“頭重腳輕”，故常用it作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語或

27、賓語放在后面。 It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her. 他從來沒想到過他也許愛上了她。 The teacher made it clear that ice cream is junk food. 老師使大家明白了冰激凌是垃圾食品。 (2)“the reason why...＋be＋that從句”形式的表語從句。 The reason why he moved to Australia was that he wanted to have a good knowledge of

28、Australian literature. 他移居澳大利亞的原因是想學(xué)習(xí)(精通)澳大利亞文學(xué)。 　　　　　　　　句意語境巧解題 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·天津卷)She asked me ____________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. if/whether　解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中不作成分，但表示“是否”意義，故用if或whether。

29、 2．(2019·北京卷)Every year, ____________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. whoever　解析：句意：每年，無論是誰，只要制作出最美的風(fēng)箏，他就會在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上贏得獎品。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語從句缺少主語，表示“無論是誰”，故填whoever。 3．(2019·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ____________ she was heading. wh

30、ere　解析：句意：Jane漫無目的地沿著綠樹成蔭的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 4．(四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s ____________I was born.” where　解析：句意：“那就是我出生的地方?！蹦棠讨钢羌裔t(yī)院對我說。前面提到了醫(yī)院，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是表地點(diǎn)，故用where引導(dǎo)該表語從句，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 5．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__

31、__________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. how　解析：根據(jù)語境和空后的形容詞thick可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示程度。此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要多厚。故答案為how。 6．(2019·湖南株洲二中月考)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will，we can overcome ____________difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.

32、 whatever　解析：句意：帶著樂觀的態(tài)度和強(qiáng)烈的愿望，我們能夠克服可能遇到的任何困難，取得成功。通過分析句子可知，overcome后為賓語從句，動詞短語meet with后缺少賓語，再結(jié)合句意可知用whatever修飾名詞difficulties引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 有些引導(dǎo)詞在句中具有非常鮮明的“含義”，如if/whether是否；whatever無論什么；whoever無論誰；because因?yàn)椋粀hy為什么。在解答這類題目時，只要句意翻譯不出問題，充分了解

33、語境即能解決。 Whether she is coming doesn’t matter much. 她來不來沒多大關(guān)系。 The poor boy is seen doing whatever work he can find. 我們看到，只要有工作，這個可憐的男孩就干。 ,[學(xué)生用書P36]　 　　) 單句語法填空 1．(2019·廣東七校聯(lián)合體第二次聯(lián)考)This woman has set a good example to her son, ____________ is a really lucky guy. who　解析：考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)

34、非限性定語從句，先行詞為her son，故用who。 2．(2019·安徽師大附中高三階段性測試)Over the years, I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，____________ way of talking about people inspired me. whose　解析：考查定語從句。whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作定語，先行詞為Joan and Bernice。 3．(2

35、019·河南、河北七所名校聯(lián)考)The shelter, ____________ is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market，has become an attraction itself. which　解析：考查定語從句。先行詞是The shelter，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且在從句中作主語，故用which。 4．(2019·湖南岳陽一中檢測)The old man turned his business over to his younger son, ______

36、______ made his elder son discouraged. which　解析：句意：那位老人把生意交給了小兒子，這使他的大兒子很沮喪。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面一整句話的內(nèi)容，并在從句中作主語，故填which。 5．(2019·河北保定、唐山聯(lián)考)I asked him ____________ his father had done so that he became such a good person. what　解析：句意：我問他他的父親做了什么，使他成為一個如此好的人。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作asked的賓語，從句中缺少had done的賓語，指“什么

37、”，因此用what引導(dǎo)該從句。 6．(2019·福建安溪模擬)Success partially depends on ____________you have the patience to do simple things perfectly. whether　解析：句意：成功部分取決于你是否有耐心把簡單的事情做得完美。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞on的賓語，意為“是否”，故填whether。 7．(2019·山西晉商四校聯(lián)考)Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite ____________ their pare

38、nts were waiting. where　解析：句意：最后，在4個小時之后他們到達(dá)了營地，他們的父母正在那里等著他們。先行詞為campsite，將先行詞代入定語從句后可知先行詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。 8．(2019·山東師大附中二模)My first task was to decide where to go and ____________ to get there. how　解析：句意：我的第一項(xiàng)任務(wù)是決定去哪里及如何到達(dá)那里。根據(jù)常識可知設(shè)空處表示“如何”，故填how。 9．(2019·福建龍巖五校期中)Therefore, it is advisabl

39、e ____________ you should value and treat them with care. that　解析：句意：因此人們建議你應(yīng)該珍惜、謹(jǐn)慎對待它們?！癬___________ you should value and treat them with care”為主語從句，該從句不缺任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。 10．(2019·山東泰安期中)Students can choose ____________ they want to do and register online. what/whatever　解析：句意：學(xué)生們可以選擇他們想做的(任何)事情并在網(wǎng)

40、上注冊?！癬___________ they want to do”為賓語從句，該從句缺少賓語，故填what或whatever。 單句改錯 1．(2019·汕頭質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.____________________ because→that　解析：考查名詞性從句。主語為名詞reason，表語從句中的連接詞要用that。 2．(2019·武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Last term, I couldn’t ac

41、cept the truth which I failed in my math examination.____________________ which→that　解析：考查名詞性從句。名詞truth后為同位語從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that。 3．(2019·江西名校聯(lián)盟5月檢測)One day，Margaret told me her grandma was coming and her parents would want my basement room back，what didn’t surprise me.____________________ what→whi

42、ch　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容，且在從句中作主語。 4．(2019·吉林吉大附中月考)From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth.____________________ bridge后加that或which　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句主語為I，謂語為have learnt，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作learnt的賓語，can serve為從句的謂語，與helps之間無連詞連接，

43、由此可判斷，bridge后為定語從句，先行詞為bridge，指物，在從句中作主語，故用that或which引導(dǎo)該從句。故在bridge后加that或which。 5．(2019·湖南師范大學(xué)附中第三次月考)It was known to all，the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.____________________ It→As　解析：逗號前為定語從句，所以要用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)；It是指示代詞，不能起到連接的作用；又因這個定語從句在先行詞前，結(jié)合語境可知只能用As，在句首要大寫。 6．(2019·湖北八校第

44、一次聯(lián)考)During the break time, we argued about what club was the best.____________________ what→which　解析：考查賓語從句。休息時我們爭論哪個俱樂部是最好的。根據(jù)語境可知，應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“哪一個”。 7．(2019·海南?？谡{(diào)研)As students，which we can repay our mothers is to spare no effort to study hard.____________________ which→what　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后

45、至is前的部分為主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作repay的賓語，指“什么”，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故將which改為what。 8．(2019·遵義航天高級中學(xué)模擬)And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.____________________ belief后加that　解析：考查同位語從句。belief后為同位語從句，that不可缺失。 短文改錯 (2019·河北承德實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)期中考試)I was sorry to kn

46、ow that you’re having so a bad time nowadays. In actually fact, as a Senior Three student, it is normal that everyone will have to face the special periods when things seem be going worse and worse. Besides, you don’t have to be worry so much.The most important thing is to learn how to control my te

47、mper.Here are two useful tips： First, talking to someone you trust about how you feel.Second, go outdoors and play team game with your friends. I hope you’ll soon feel calmer but carry on to achieve your goal. 答案： I sorry to know that you’re having a bad time nowadays. In fact, as a Senior Thr

48、ee student, it is normal that everyone will have to face the special periods when things seem be going worse and worse. ， you don’t have to worry so much.The most important thing is to learn how to control temper.Here are two useful tips： First, to someone you trust about how you feel.Second, go outdoors and play team with your friends. I hope you’ll soon feel calmer carry on to achieve your goal. 內(nèi)容總結(jié) （1）2．“名詞＋of which”常代替“whose＋名詞”在定語從句中作定語