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1、第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破高效突破 專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng) 1111 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)情況情況構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞例詞一般情況直接加sreadreads;loveloves以s,o,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加espasspasses;boxboxes;teachteaches;washwashes以輔音字母y結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)閕,再加escarrycarries;studystudies不規(guī)則變化/havehas;beam/is/are2.2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):always
2、,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,never,every day,on Sunday,every evening,every month,once a week等。3 3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法:(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞連用。如:I often take a walk in the park.我經(jīng)常在公園里散步。These Tshirts are new.這些T恤是新的。(2)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理。如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽(yáng)東升西落。(3)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將
3、來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go bike riding in the open air.如果明天不下雨,我將在戶外騎自行車。Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來(lái)的時(shí)候,我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1 1一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)(2)be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)2.2.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則(1)規(guī)則變化情況情況構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞例詞一般情況加edwashwashed;helphelped以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾加dhopehop
4、ed;likeliked以輔音字母y結(jié)尾 變y為i,再加edcarrycarried;studystudies結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加edstopstopped;planplanned(2)不規(guī)則變化(見九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)課本P184附表)3 3一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday,last month,two weeks ago,in 1987,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,onc
5、e upon a time,long long ago等。4 4一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法:(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:What did you do yesterday?昨天你做了什么?I went swimming.我去游泳了。(2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:When I was at middle school,I often went to school by bike.我讀中學(xué)時(shí)經(jīng)常騎自行車去學(xué)校。三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1 1一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成:如:I am going to Beijing next week.我打
6、算下周去北京。It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨了。2 2一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next week,soon,in一段時(shí)間,in the future等。3 3一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法:(1)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:They will go to the cinema tomorrow.他們明天去看電影。(2)表示將來(lái)的意愿、決心、許諾、命令。如:I will do my best to catch up with them。我將會(huì)盡最大的努力趕上他們。四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)四、
7、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下表:情況情況構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞例詞一般情況加inglooklooking;workworking以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾去e,再加ingwritewriting;dancedancing以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)先雙寫詞尾的字母再加ingbeginbeginning;swimswimming以ie結(jié)尾的詞變ie為y再加ingdiedying;lielying;tietying2.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或標(biāo)志詞:now,these days,at the moment,right now,
8、look,listen等。3 3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。如:He is reading at the school library.他正在圖書館看書。(2)表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。如:Mr.Green is writing another novel these days.這些日子格林先生正在寫另一本小說(shuō)。(3)已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來(lái)的活動(dòng)。類似的動(dòng)詞有:go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等。如:I am leaving for Qingdao next week.我打算下周去青島。五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)五、過(guò)去
9、進(jìn)行時(shí)1 1過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:be 動(dòng)詞(was/were)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。2 2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at seven oclock yesterday evening,at this time last night,at that moment,from seven to nine yesterday等。3 3過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法(1)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事情。如:What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday morning?昨天上午九點(diǎn)她在做什么?(2)在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的,那么可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:When
10、 I saw him,he was cleaning his room.當(dāng)我看見他的時(shí)候,他正在打掃房間。六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:have/has動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞2 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作3.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1)與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如:I have lived in this city for more than 40 years.我在這個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。(2)與already,never,ever,just,yet等副詞連用時(shí),alrea
11、dy,just多用在肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。如:I have already found my book.我已經(jīng)找到我的書了。(3)與表示包含過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如:lately,recently,in the past few years,these few years,these days,up to now,so far等。如:The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在過(guò)去兩年時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。Have you seen her par
12、ents these days?這些天你看見她的父母了嗎?The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.迄今為止,布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國(guó)的許多地方。4 4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成某一動(dòng)作并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果。常和already(肯定句),yet(疑問(wèn)句)連用。如:I have already had a rest.我已經(jīng)休息了一會(huì)兒了。(2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過(guò)去并未完成或結(jié)束,而是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)下去,常和“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用。如:He has been away for
13、two days.他已經(jīng)離開兩天了??键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 2 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成構(gòu)成例句例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)is/am/are動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞English is spoken by most people in the world.世界上很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞I was told to come early.我被告知要早來(lái)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The bridge will be finished in two weeks.這座橋?qū)⒃趦芍芎罂⒐?。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Lots of stars can be seen in the sky at night.晚上在天空中會(huì)看到很多星星。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 3 常見的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)常見的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)