高中英語人教版 選修10教師用書：Unit 4 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、 精品資料 Section_ⅣUsing_Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點(diǎn)擊 1．resemble (vt.)像；類似→resemblance (n.)類似；相似點(diǎn) 2．tend (vi.)傾向→tendency (n.)傾向；趨勢 3．messy (adj.)骯臟的；凌亂的；雜亂的→mess (n.)雜亂；紛亂；混亂 4．tiresome (adj.)煩人的；令人厭煩的→tire (v.)使厭煩→tired (adj.)厭煩的→tiring (adj.)令人疲倦的；辛苦的 5．vague (adj.)含糊的；不清楚的

2、→vaguely (adv.)含糊地；曖昧地 6．bonus (n.)紅利；獎(jiǎng)金；津貼 7．oral (adj.)口頭的；口述的→orally (adv.)口頭上；用口述；口服地 8．component (n.)成分；組成部分 9．concrete (adj.)具體的；有形的 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語必記 1．tend_to (do sth.)　　　　 易于；往往會(huì)(做某事) 2．go shopping 去購物 3．rely on 依靠；依賴 4．have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事費(fèi)力 5．concentrate on 集中精力于 6．

3、add up 加起來 7．make sense 有意義 8．congratulations on 祝賀…… Ⅲ.常用句型必備 1．I find it tiresome to sit and concentrate on anything for a long time. 2．It’s never too late to learn. 3．I like to follow a map rather_than written or spoken directions. Ⅳ.功能意念項(xiàng)目 Give advice 1．You should ... 2．Why don’t

4、 you ...? 3．How about ...? 4．It’s worth a go. 5．Do you know what else you might be able to do? 6．I’ve thought of something you could do. 1．resemble vt.像；類似 He strongly resembles his father. 他酷似他的父親。 resemble sb./sth.in sth. 在……方面像…… She resembles her sister in appearance but not in charac

5、ter. 她的外表像她姐姐，但性格不像。 溫馨提示：(1)resemble不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中，也無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 (2)resemble是及物動(dòng)詞，本身已含有“與……”的意思，故不必再加with。 resemblance n． 相似；相像 have some/no/little resemblance (s) to sb./sth. 與某人/物在某方面有一些/沒有/幾乎不相似 The resemblance between Tom and his brother was remarkable. 湯姆和他的哥哥十分相像。 Your story seems to have no r

6、esemblances to the facts. 你所說的似乎與事實(shí)不符。 [即境活用1]　 介詞填空/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)The two objects resemble each other in nature. (2)This is a disease resembling(resemble) flu in some way.　 2．tend vi.傾向；趨向vt.照料；照管；接待；服侍 tend to do sth.　　　 易于……；有……的趨勢 tend to/towards sth. 朝某方向；趨于；趨向 I tend to know Middle

7、Eastern countries pretty well. 我還算是比較熟悉中東國家的。 The coastline tends to/towards the south here. 海岸線在此處轉(zhuǎn)向南方。 tendency n．　　　　　　　 趨向；傾向；脾性 have a tendency to do sth. 有做……的傾向 His tendency to speak ill of others makes his roommates angry. 他老是說別人的壞話，使同寢室的人很生氣。 [即境活用2]　 完成句子 (1)He tends_to_get_angr

8、y (容易生氣) when people oppose to his plan. (2)She has a_tendency_to_forget (有遺忘……的傾向) things. 3．messy adj.骯臟的；凌亂的；混亂的 The house is always messy. 這房子總是亂糟糟的。 It was a messy job. 這是一份很臟的工作。 mess n．　　　　　 骯臟；混亂；許多；大量 v. 弄臟；弄亂 in a mess 雜亂；在困境中 make a mess of 把……搞糟 mess up 弄糟 I have made

9、a mess of things. 我把事情搞糟了。 This wind will mess my hair up. 這風(fēng)會(huì)吹亂我的頭發(fā)。 [即境活用3]　　完成句子 (1)The economy of the country is in_a_mess (陷入困境)． (2)I don’t want you to mess_up (弄亂) my nice clean kitchen. 4．tiresome adj.令人厭煩的；煩人的 This is really a tiresome job. 這真是令人厭煩的工作。 How tiresome！I have left my

10、watch behind. 真煩人！我忘記戴手表了。 tire v．　　　　　　　　　　 使……累 tired adj. 感到累的 tiring adj. 令人厭倦的 get tired of＝be tired of 對……厭倦 be/get tired from/with 因?yàn)椤鴦诶? I am/get tired of listening to the same music. 我討厭總是聽相同的音樂。 The boy was tired from long study. 那個(gè)男孩因長時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)而感到累了。 [即境活用4]　 用tire的適當(dāng)形式填空

11、 (1)Reading small print tires the eyes very much. (2)This child is sometimes tiresome. (3)He got tired of teaching in the same school. 1．rely on依靠；依賴；指望 rely on sb./sth. to do sth.　 　　　　　 指望/相信某人/某物會(huì)做某事 rely on doing sth. 依賴/信任/指望…… rely on it that ... 相信……；指望…… These days, we rely heav

12、ily on computers to organize our work. 現(xiàn)在，我們在很大程度上依賴電腦來組織安排我們的工作。 Don’t rely on going abroad for our holiday; we may not be able to afford it. 不要指望去國外度假，我們可能負(fù)擔(dān)不起。 You can rely on it that it will rain this weekend. 你放心好了，本周末一定會(huì)下雨。 [即境活用5]　 一句多譯 你可以相信我會(huì)幫助你。 (1)You_can_rely_on_me_to_help_you.

13、(2)You_can_rely_on_it_that_I_can_help_you. 2．make sense有意義；有道理；講得通 This sentence just doesn’t make sense, no matter how you read it. 無論你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它還是講不通。 make sense of　 理解；明白 make no sense 沒道理；沒意義 in a sense 在某一方面；就某種意義來說 in no sense 決不(放于句首時(shí)常用部分倒裝) There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事沒道理

14、 The lectures offer students the chance to make sense of English grammar. 這些講座提供機(jī)會(huì)讓學(xué)生理解英語語法。 Planning so far ahead makes no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. 提前這么久做計(jì)劃沒有意義——到第二年許多事情都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。 In no sense do you tell lies to your family. 你決不可向家人撒謊。 [即境活用6]　完成句子/介詞填空/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填

15、空 (1)老師所解釋的講不通。 What the teacher explained didn’t make_sense. (2)你能理解這個(gè)句子嗎？ Can you make_sense_of the sentence? (3)What she says is true in a sense, but not always. (4)There is no sense in arguing (argue) with her about the affair. 1．I find it tiresome to sit and concentrate on anything for

16、 a long time. 如果長時(shí)間坐著并集中注意力于某事，我會(huì)感到很厭倦。 本句為find＋it(形式賓語)＋賓語補(bǔ)足語(形容詞/名詞)＋動(dòng)詞不定式(真正賓語)句型。 (1)此句型完整的形式是：主語＋find/think/feel/make/consider ... ＋it＋n./adj.＋for/of sb.to do ...。其中for/of引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語。其中it是形式賓語，代替不定式。 I consider it possible to have a talk with him. 我認(rèn)為與他交談一下是有可能的。 (2)it作形式賓語也可以代替從句。 I ha

17、ve made it clear that I object to the plan. 我已經(jīng)表明我反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 (3)當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語是no use, no good, useless等時(shí)，真正的賓語要用動(dòng)名詞。 I consider it no use talking with him; he won’t listen to others. 我認(rèn)為和他交談無用，他不會(huì)聽別人的話的。 (4)it 作為形式賓語還可以用在像I like/hate/appreciate/enjoy/dislike/prefer/depend on/rely on/see to it that/when .

18、..等句式中。 I like it when there are friends around me. 我喜歡有朋友和我在一起。 [即境活用7]　代詞填空/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2)I think it important for students to_learn (learn) English well. 2．It’s never too late to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。 本句為“too ... to”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……而不能”

19、。 The question is too difficult to answer. 這個(gè)問題太難而無法回答。 (1)too ... to ...和表示人的心理狀態(tài)的形容詞連用，不表示否定意義，此類詞有happy, glad, ready, anxious, eager, willing, pleased, thankful等。 He is too ready to talk. 他愛說話。 (2)把never/not等否定詞放在too前，表示肯定，譯作“并不太……所以能……”；加在to前，譯作“太……不至于不……”。 He is too careful not to have n

20、oticed it. 他那么細(xì)心不會(huì)注意不到這一點(diǎn)。 (3)cannot ... too ...無論……也不過分；越……越好 You cannot be too careful. 你無論怎么仔細(xì)也不過分。 [即境活用8]　 完成句子 (1)It’s too late for_the_work_to_be_done (工作做不完)． (2)The shop manager always says to his assistants，“We can never_be_too_polite_to (對……越有禮貌越好) our customers.” 3．I like to foll

21、ow a map rather_than written or spoken directions. 我喜歡按照地圖而不是書面或口頭指示(找到目的地)。 (1)rather與than連用時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于連詞，通常用于平行結(jié)構(gòu)中。常譯為“與其說……不如說……”；“不是……而是……”。 She is a teacher rather than an artist. 她是老師而不是藝術(shù)家。 I’m rather bored than tired. 我與其說疲憊，不如說是厭倦。 (2)rather than可用于prefer之后，構(gòu)成句型：sb.prefer to do sth.r

22、ather than do sth.，常譯為“某人寧愿做……而不愿做……”。 He preferred to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert. 他寧愿坐在家里看電視也不愿去聽音樂會(huì)。 (3)rather than后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，可省略不定式符號to。 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我決定寫信而不是打電話。 or rather　　　　　　 確切地說 other than 除了 would rather do A than do B

23、 寧愿做A而不愿做B He had no friends other than Mary. 他除了瑪麗，沒有朋友。 Her husband got home late, or rather at one o’clock in the morning. 她丈夫回家很晚，確切地說，是凌晨1點(diǎn)。 [即境活用9]　 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)I would rather stay (stay) home than go (go) on a trip in such a rainy day. (2)Rather than ride (ride) on a crowded bus, he

24、 always prefers to_ride (ride) a bicycle. 建 議 信 【寫作任務(wù)】 假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter發(fā)來電子郵件向你咨詢?nèi)绾尾拍軐W(xué)好中文。請你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫一封電子郵件回復(fù)他。 要點(diǎn)： 1．參加中文學(xué)習(xí)班； 2．看中文書刊、電視； 3．學(xué)唱中文歌曲； 4．交中國朋友。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 【范文在線】 Dear Peter， I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chine

25、se well.Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a goo

26、d idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write to me in Chinese next time. Best wishes. Li Hua 【靚點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊】 1．首先格式正確

27、，符合書信體的要求，結(jié)構(gòu)符合給人提建議的三段式：提出情況(asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well)，寫建議的背景。提出自己的建議。結(jié)束語及簽名。全文重點(diǎn)突出，層次分明。 2．使用了一些過渡詞及連接詞first, then, besides等，文中使用了分詞短語asking for my advice ..., by doing so，原因狀語從句as you’ll be able to ... because by doing so you’ll ...，倒裝句Here are a few suggestions，形式主語it is

28、 important to ...和it also helps to ...，省略句whenever possible，使文章句式多樣，語言鮮活。 建議信是書信的一種，屬應(yīng)用文范疇，寫這類文章應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 一、基本框架 1．開頭(beginning)——開門見山，向?qū)Ψ疥愂鲎约旱挠^點(diǎn)(state your idea)。 2．主體(body)——對所提出的問題進(jìn)行分析并說明理由，接著提出自己的建議(reasons and evidence)。 3．結(jié)尾(ending)——呼應(yīng)開頭，重申觀點(diǎn)(restate your opinion)。 二、注意事項(xiàng) 1．開門見山，直入主題。

29、在書信正文的開頭找準(zhǔn)話題的切入點(diǎn)，自然而然地引出自己想要談的主題。寫信時(shí)要充分了解情況，有的放矢，以提高書信的針對性。 2．給出希望對方采取或者終止某種行為的理由。在陳述理由的過程中要換位思考，盡量為對方考慮。要用事實(shí)說話，以增強(qiáng)說服力。 3．語氣要和緩，讓對方考慮你的想法或者建議，以理服人是關(guān)鍵，不能把自己的想法強(qiáng)加于人。 4．給出合理建議，通過提建議讓對方明確行動(dòng)的方向，從而達(dá)到寫信的最終目的。 假設(shè)你叫劉云，準(zhǔn)備參加學(xué)校舉行的“我給市長提建議”英語作文大賽。目前，你所在的城市已經(jīng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)公交一體化，由此你想到了公交車司機(jī)們。請你結(jié)合下表提示，用英語給市長(Mayor)寫一

30、封信。詞數(shù)100左右。 建議 建立“公交司機(jī)節(jié)”(Bus Drivers’ Day) 背景 ·越來越多的人乘坐公交車出行 ·公交車司機(jī)也隨之越來越多 ·公交車司機(jī)服務(wù)大眾，工作辛苦…… 時(shí)間 在每年　月　日慶祝 原因 …… ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________

31、_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Dear Mr.Mayor， I’m writing to you about starting a Bus Drivers’ Day. These years, we are happy to have buses going between every city, every town and almost every village

32、. Now more and more people both in cities and in the countryside are traveling by bus, so more and more bus drivers are working for us. They have to work very hard, from morning till night. It’s not easy for them, especially during holidays. To thank them, I think it necessary to have a Bus Drivers

33、’ Day. It will be good if we celebrate it on October 7th every year, because it’s the last day of National Day Golden Week, and people can celebrate it with bus drivers, even the buses. Buses are playing an important role in our daily life, and I hope you can spare your time and think about my idea

34、. Best wishes! Liu Yun Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Through the fog we saw the vague outline of a ship. 2．Have you any concrete suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties? 3．Only the students majoring in English take the oral examination. 4．All the employees got a Christmas bonus. 5．Rainbows often app

35、ear after a heavy rain. 6．I have been so busy that I have no time to clear up the place which is so messy. 7．The workers only make components(部件) for that kind of cars. 8．This is one of the songs from the album (專輯) of Jay Chou. 9．The purpose of this seminar (研討會(huì)) is to reform the old closed sys

36、tem. 10．The currency (貨幣) in our country is Renminbi. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Young people tend to following the fashion. following→follow 2．He was tired of the heavy work and wanted to have a rest. of→from/with 3．Some children have trouble concentrating what they are doing. 在what前加on 4．The teacher prefer

37、s to go with his students rather than to be alone. 去掉第二個(gè)to 5．It takes me age to finish the project. age→ages Ⅲ.單句語法填空 1．We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal style. 2．—Do you feel like lying (lie) in bed on Sundays? —Yes, but I’m al

38、ways too busy to_do (do) so. 3．The boy strongly resembles his father in character and the way of thinking and making decisions. 4．Children tend to_be (be) curious about things they see. 5．She is tired of the same food for breakfast every morning. 6．We went (go) shopping together on May Day last

39、Sunday besides doing (do) some washing. 7．They say your report doesn’t agree with the fact.But I don’t agree with them on this point. 8．I can’t make sense of his suggestion.I think it makes no sense. Ⅳ.閱讀理解 A People who are learning a foreign language should not feel embarrassed because they so

40、metimes use the wrong word. From time to time we all have difficulty even with our own language. It is not unusual to hear someone say that a ship is in a bottle instead of a battle or that crowds rather than clouds are in the sky. If people think that these mistakes are funny, they may laugh; but

41、 they do not mean to be rude. The important thing is that they admire people who try to speak their language. Every public speaker knows that mistakes can occur. Even radio announcers will sometimes use the wrong word or call somebody by the wrong name. This happens so often, in fact, that a man in

42、 New York is able to make a living by listening to the radio and recording all the mistakes that he hears. Kermit Schafer calls these mistakes “bloopers”. In his home, Mr.Schafer has many radios tuned to different stations to record every mistake that is made. He puts the funniest ones on records a

43、nd in books, which have become very popular wherever English is spoken. If Mr.Schafer took his tape recorder into a school where students are learning to speak English, he would very soon have enough for another book. Mistakes can be fun if we are not easily embarrassed. They also remind us to say

44、something correctly the next time. 1．What kind of readers is this article mainly written for? A．Radio announcers. B．Foreign language learners. C．Public speakers. D．People like Mr.Schafer. 解析：選B　語言的習(xí)得是一件困難又繁瑣的事情，特別是學(xué)習(xí)外語經(jīng)常鬧笑話也是在所難免的。有時(shí)我們會(huì)很尷尬，但卻不必太在意。本題問的是寫這篇文章主要是給哪一類人看的？其實(shí)開篇第一句“People who are le

45、arning a foreign language should not feel embarrassed because they sometimes use the wrong word.”中找到?！癋oreign language learners”就是解題的核心，故答案為B。 2．Mr.Schafer records mistakes made by ________. A．English learners B．radio announcers C．both radio announcers and English learners D．both radio announce

46、rs and public speakers 解析：選B　Mr.Schafer記錄下來的錯(cuò)誤都是由radio announcers犯下的。這個(gè)結(jié)論可以在文中第四段第二句找到：“In his home, Mr.Schafer has many radios tuned to different stations to record every mistake that is made.” 3．Which of the following do you think the writer might agree with? A．Native English speakers do not li

47、ke English learners making mistakes. B．Mistakes are of no help for foreign language learning. C．English learners should be careful not to make any mistakes. D．It is usual that public speakers, even radio announcers, make mistakes. 解析：選D　文章的主旋律一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)，不論是平常人，還是電臺的播音員他們都有可能用錯(cuò)詞，犯下錯(cuò)誤?？墒沁@種錯(cuò)誤對于人們在語言習(xí)得上的

48、進(jìn)步是有好處的。文中最后一句這樣說：“They also remind us to say something correctly the next time.”故正確的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是D。 B All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners. Other children may have manners that are not like yours. There are all kinds of manners. Many years ago, children who had good manner

49、s were seen and not heard. They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking. Today, well-mannered children have more freedom. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places. Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of m

50、anners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud “burp (打嗝)” after you finish eating. Burping shows that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say, “Excuse me, please.” In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia

51、 it is bad manners to be seen eating together. People show good manners by turning their backs to others while they eat. What are manners like in an East African town? People try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you are polite, you will sit

52、down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia. You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent. If you pass in front of the other tents, you will be asked into each one. People will ask you to eat

53、with them. And it is bad manners if you say no. Manners are different all over the world. But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way. People need ways to show that they want to be friends. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。不同時(shí)代、不同地域、不同國家有不同的禮儀，在某個(gè)地方得體的禮儀未必在另一個(gè)地方也適合。 4．People turn their backs to ot

54、hers while they eat in some places in ________. A．Mongolia　　　　 　B．a(chǎn)n East African town C．Polynesia D．Arabia 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段中的“But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen ... while they eat.”可知，在波利尼西亞的部分地方，人們吃飯時(shí)背對他人被認(rèn)為是有禮貌的。 5．In an East African town, people try not to see y

55、ou. This is because ________. A．they are not your friends B．they don’t want to talk with you C．it is good manners D．they are waiting for you to talk with them 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段第二、三句可知，C項(xiàng)正確。 6．Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places. Which should be a supporting pa

56、ragraph to the idea? A．The first one. B．The second one. C．The sixth one. D．The third one. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第六段提到“有些地方人們喜歡在一起吃飯，然而在波利尼西亞的一些地區(qū)被人看到在一起吃飯是不禮貌的”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。 7．What is the best title of the passage? A．Some bad manners B．Different kinds of manners C．The importance of manners D．Some good manners 解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文可知，本文講述了不同地區(qū)的不同禮儀，因此B項(xiàng)正確。