高中英語人教版 必修4教師用書：Unit 1 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、 精品資料 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 主謂一致 英語句子的主語和謂語要一致。下面是常見的幾種形式： 1．由連詞and 或both ... and ...連接的兩個(gè)主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。 Both Tom and his brother have passed the exam. 湯姆和他弟弟都通過了考試。 [點(diǎn)津]　但是當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)詞或詞組表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)人、物或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如果這兩個(gè)詞都是名詞，則第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞。 The peasant and w

2、riter is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位農(nóng)民作家正在會(huì)議室里發(fā)表演講。 2．兩個(gè)并列的名詞前有each, every, no, many a 等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師都發(fā)了一張票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男人和女人都在工作。 Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.

3、許多課桌和凳子將被搬出大廳。 3．集合名詞family, class, crowd, team, government, company, group等作主語時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我們學(xué)校，我們班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(強(qiáng)調(diào)整體) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回國。(強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體)

4、4．當(dāng)people, police, cattle等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for the lost child. 警察正在尋找那個(gè)失蹤的孩子。 5．主語后有with, together with, like, but, as well as, except, including, rather than, besides等引導(dǎo)的詞或短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要和前面的主語保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師帶著一些學(xué)生正在參

5、觀工廠。 1 ①(江蘇高考改編) Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development. ②(福建高考改編)The famous musician, as well as his students, was (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 6．在正式的文體中，由not only ... but

6、 also ..., neither ... nor, either ... or, or等連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞同與其靠近的主語保持一致。there be句型也是如此。 Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come. 學(xué)生和老師都沒來。 Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music. 孩子們和媽媽都不喜歡這種音樂。 Either you or I am to blame. 你或我該受責(zé)備。 There is a book and

7、 two pens on the desk. 書桌上有一本書和兩支鋼筆。 7．當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)由名詞來決定。 About three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地球表面大約3/4是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我們學(xué)校大約50%的學(xué)生是女生。 2 (安徽高考改編)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest o

8、f which were (be) saved for other purposes. 8．不定代詞all(指物時(shí))，anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody，something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我們開會(huì)吧。 3 (湖南高考改編)All we need is (be

9、) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 9．代詞none和neither作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)，主要由說話人的意思來決定。但代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。 None of them knows/know the answers. 他們中沒有人知道答案。 None of the information about him has been received. 關(guān)于他的消息一點(diǎn)兒

10、也沒收到。 10．表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，如果被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Two miles is too far for the child. 兩英里路程對(duì)這個(gè)小孩來說太遠(yuǎn)了。 4 (湖南高考改編)The university estimates that living expenses for international students are (be)around $8,450 a year, which is (be) a burden for some of them. 11．不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 How to

11、solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting. 如何解決這個(gè)問題要在會(huì)上討論。 Whether he will help us with it doesn't matter too much. 他是否幫我們關(guān)系不大。 12．由“kind (form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而不是它們后面所跟的名詞。 This new type of buses is now on show. (Buses of this new kind

12、 are now on show.) 現(xiàn)在正展出一種新型的公共汽車。 All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必須克服各種各樣的困難。 A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 講師之間一系列的辯論安排在下周末舉行。 13．a(chǎn) number of (許多)，a variety of (各種各樣的)和a group of (一群，一組)修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語要求用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是the number of (……的數(shù)目)

13、和the variety of (……的種類)修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式。試比較： A number of students are from the south. 不少學(xué)生來自南方。 There are a variety of toys on sale in that shop. 那個(gè)商店出售各種各樣的玩具。 The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising. 那個(gè)商店出售的貨物品種多得驚人。 14．a(chǎn) quantity of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；a quantity of 后接不可數(shù)名詞作主

14、語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；quantities of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea. 在深海處抓了很多魚。 There is a large quantity of milk. 有大量的牛奶。 15．“many a ＋單數(shù)名詞”和“more than one ＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，雖表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但要遵循語法一致的原則， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Many a child was playing in the shade of the tree. 許多孩子在樹蔭

15、下玩耍。 More than one student has passed the examination. 許多學(xué)生通過了考試。 5 (陜西高考改編)It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area. 16．表示單一概念的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在陽光下讀書對(duì)眼睛有害。 6 (湖南高考改編)Listening to loud music

16、at rock concerts has (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers. Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Alice, together with her friends, was (be) punished for having broken the school rules. 2．Every girl and every boy has (have) the right to join the club. 3．The football team is (be) made up of 22 players. 4．Thi

17、s kind of apples tastes(taste) good. Apples of this kind taste (taste) good. 5．My family is (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family are (be) all Party members. 6．The whole class are (be) now listening to the teacher attentively. 7．Either he or you are (be) interested in playing

18、football in our class. 8．Most of his time was_spent (spend) on computer games in the past. 9．To learn one or two foreign languages is (be) very important nowadays. 10．The rich are (be) for the plan, while the poor are against it. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Each computer and each operator have been moved to the a

19、ir-conditioned house.have→has 2．A woman with two children have gone to the Great Wall.have→has 3．This is one of the best novels that has appeared this year.has→have 4．The police has caught the murderer.police→policeman或has_→have 5．Mathematics are the base of all other sciences.are→is 6．The Unit

20、ed Nations are made up of more than 160 countries.are→is 7．Two thirds of the students in our class has been to Beijing.has→have 8．To get up early are a good habit for old men.are→is 描寫人物 《英語雙語報(bào)》有一個(gè)欄目名為“Star Student”，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表信息，以“Yang Hongde — a Star Student”為題為該欄目寫一篇短文，介紹你校品學(xué)兼優(yōu)的畢業(yè)生楊弘德同學(xué)。 姓名

21、楊弘德 年齡 19 考入學(xué)校 香港中文大學(xué) 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 50萬港元 家庭狀況 父親死于車禍，母親重病臥床 本人情況 持家、照顧母親、學(xué)習(xí)刻苦、成績(jī)突出、樂于助人 你的評(píng)價(jià) …… 1.文章須包括表中信息，可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使文章連貫。 2．參考詞匯：獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金scholarship；挑起……的重?fù)?dān)take the burden of ... 3．詞數(shù)：100左右。 Yang Hongde — a Star Student In that year's College Entrance Examination of Shandong, Yang Hongde, a s

22、enior 3 student from our school, got high marks and was admitted to Hong Kong Chinese University, with a scholarship of HK $500,000. ①But a few years ago ② when Yang, ③aged 16, just began his senior 1 school life, his father was killed in a traffic accident. His mother became seriously ill in bed b

23、ecause of his father's death, ④losing the basic ability to support herself. Thus Yang had to take the burden of supporting the family and nursing his ill mother. He overcame every unthinkable difficulty that he faced (overcame one difficulty after another). ⑤Meanwhile he studied even harder and did

24、 pretty well in all his subjects. ⑥Moreover, he was always ready to help others. ⑦Yang Hongde sets us a fine example both in daily life and study. We should learn from him. 第一段：簡(jiǎn)述楊弘德取得的成績(jī)。 第二、三段：記敘了楊弘德所經(jīng)歷的磨難及其勇于克服困難的毅力。 第四段：給予高度評(píng)價(jià)，發(fā)出號(hào)召。 ①But 一詞承接上文，筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，使其成就與苦難形成鮮明對(duì)比。 ②③④⑤⑥用了從句、分詞、連接詞等方式呈現(xiàn)

25、所有細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，表現(xiàn)出作者扎實(shí)的寫作功底。 ⑦用了set sb. an example這一短語。 如何描寫人物 1．在描寫人物時(shí)，我們可以分以下三個(gè)部分來寫作： 第一部分：總體介紹人物，然后介紹人物的出生年月、地點(diǎn)、家庭背景或相貌等。 第二部分： (1)列出人物的品質(zhì)和個(gè)性，并以具體的事例說明其品質(zhì)和個(gè)性。在選取事例時(shí)，應(yīng)該選取典型事跡，抓住人物特征。 (2)列舉人物的主要經(jīng)歷、事跡或成就。 第三部分：介紹人們對(duì)人物的評(píng)價(jià)或談?wù)撃愕膫€(gè)人感受。 2．在描述人物時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)人稱：一般使用第三人稱。 (2)時(shí)態(tài)：常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，具體情況要依據(jù)寫

26、作的要求來確定。描寫人物的外貌、性格或興趣等時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而描寫人物的出生或教育背景等時(shí)常用一般過去時(shí)。 1．背景： ...was born in /into a poor/rich family in ..., when ...was young, spent one's childhood in ... 2．外貌： beautiful, pretty, good-looking, ordinary-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin 3．品質(zhì)和個(gè)性： kind, determined, gentle, considerate, o

27、ptimistic, easy-going, warm-hearted, hard-working, responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous 4．愛好： be good at, have a gift for, be interested in, be fond of, be crazy about 5．教育背景： graduated from, got a ... degree, majored in, went abroad to further one's study, studied hard at, took an

28、active part in class 6．經(jīng)歷和事跡： devote oneself to, do sth. with great determination and perseverance, fight for, make up one's mind to do sth.，overcome many difficulties, try one's best to do sth. 7．評(píng)價(jià)： one of the best, most important, set a good example to, ... is the pride of ..., make great con

29、tributions to, be regarded as 根據(jù)以下信息寫一篇關(guān)于美國前國務(wù)卿(Secretary of State)賴斯(Rice)的短文。 1．賴斯1954年11月14日出生于美國亞拉巴馬州(Alabama)。 2．她3歲開始學(xué)鋼琴，4歲開始登臺(tái)表演，15歲時(shí)便成為丹佛大學(xué)(University of Denver)的學(xué)生。 3．1981年，賴斯成為斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)的教師。 4．2005年1月出任美國國務(wù)卿，賴斯是有史以來美國政府中職位最高的黑人婦女。 5．賴斯博學(xué)勤奮，能講流利的俄語。她還學(xué)過9年法語，能彈一手好鋼琴，喜

30、歡看體育比賽。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Rice was born in Alabama, America on November 14, 1954. She started playing the piano at the age of

31、three and gave her first performance at four. When she was 15, she was admitted into the University of Denver. In 1981, 26-year-old Rice worked as a teacher in the Stanford University. In January, 2005, Rice held the position as Secretary of State, which is the highest post for a black woman in the government in American history. Rice works hard and has a wise mind. She can speak fluent Russian and has ever learned French for 9 years. Also she plays the piano quite well. Rice likes watching sports games. She is a great woman we should learn from.