高考英語語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 第7講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（2）

《高考英語語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 第7講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（2）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 第7講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（2）（71頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、1The Father and His SonFather: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class.Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) President of the United States.waswaswaswaswasknow2專題專題7動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 3 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)

2、態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考英語測試的重中之重，每年動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考英語測試的重中之重，每年試題一般不低于兩道。試題一般不低于兩道。 命題思路有三種：命題思路有三種：一一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語，考生能根據(jù)其作出選擇；是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語，考生能根據(jù)其作出選擇；二二是給出時(shí)間狀語，但所給時(shí)間狀語有較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀是給出時(shí)間狀語，但所給時(shí)間狀語有較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語作出選擇，而需要結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行判斷；語作出選擇，而需要結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行判斷；三三是沒有任何時(shí)間狀語，需要借助于上下文語境，才能作出正確判斷。是沒有任何時(shí)間狀語，需要借助于上下文語境，才能作出正確判斷

3、。 一、命題特點(diǎn)一、命題特點(diǎn)4在歷年有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考題中，共涉及了在歷年有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考題中，共涉及了8種基本時(shí)種基本時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其中以態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其中以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考得最多。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由考得最多。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)出來。動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)出來。5 高考命題中更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和時(shí)高考命題中更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和時(shí)態(tài)干擾。態(tài)干擾。 考生答題時(shí)要尋找盡可能多的考生答題時(shí)要尋找盡可能多的“時(shí)間參照信息時(shí)間參照信息”。關(guān)于被動(dòng)語態(tài)題，做題時(shí)應(yīng)關(guān)

4、于被動(dòng)語態(tài)題，做題時(shí)應(yīng)首先首先根據(jù)主語與謂語的關(guān)根據(jù)主語與謂語的關(guān)系確定是否是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，系確定是否是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，然后然后再根據(jù)有關(guān)時(shí)間信息確再根據(jù)有關(guān)時(shí)間信息確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。定用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。 還要注意還要注意的是不及物動(dòng)詞是不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)當(dāng)?shù)氖遣患拔飫?dòng)詞是不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)當(dāng)中。中。二、應(yīng)考策略二、應(yīng)考策略6基礎(chǔ)回歸基礎(chǔ)回歸 7一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): am/are/is / do / does一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí): was / were / did 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí): will + V （動(dòng)詞原形）（動(dòng)詞原形）過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí): would + V （動(dòng)詞原形）（動(dòng)詞原形）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

5、行時(shí): am/are/is+ Ving過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/ were + Ving現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has+ p.p.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí):had + p.p.謂語（各種時(shí)態(tài)）的主動(dòng)形式謂語（各種時(shí)態(tài)）的主動(dòng)形式8一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): be( am/are/is) + p.p.( 過去分詞過去分詞)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí): be(was/ were) + p.p.一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí): will be + p.p.過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí): would be + p.p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): be( am/are/is)+ being+ p.p.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

6、:be(was/ were )+ being+ p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has+ been + p.p.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí):had + been + p.p.謂語（各種時(shí)態(tài)）的被動(dòng)形式謂語（各種時(shí)態(tài)）的被動(dòng)形式9一、對一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查一、對一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查1.考查其考查其基本概念基本概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性性的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用

7、。但近幾年，對等連用。但近幾年，對一般現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查在時(shí)的考查常用常用過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對考生進(jìn)行對考生進(jìn)行干擾干擾。1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storm.（2005年遼寧卷）年遼寧卷） A.was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called10（2010高考英語重慶卷高考英語重慶卷,29)The palace caught

8、fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _now.A.remains B. is remainedC. is remaining D. has been remained【答案答案】A【解析解析 】考查時(shí)態(tài)?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。remain在這兒意思是在這兒意思是“剩下，余剩下，余留留”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因?yàn)檎Z，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因?yàn)檎Z境是對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的陳述，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。選境是對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的陳述，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。選 A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。112.考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查一般現(xiàn)

9、在時(shí)的替代用法替代用法：在以在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，在以等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，在以if, unless, once等等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句主句中的動(dòng)詞用中的動(dòng)詞用一般一般將來時(shí)將來時(shí)，從句從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替代替一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)。 What would you do if i

10、t _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （2005年全國卷）年全國卷） A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining“主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)”12二、對一般過去時(shí)的考查二、對一般過去時(shí)的考查一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如態(tài)，它常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just

11、now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過去時(shí)也等。但是一般過去時(shí)也經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子中，這是高考經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。的命題方向。 I bought a new car three days ago.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）年上海卷）A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been

12、sentnowbought13(2010高考英語重慶卷高考英語重慶卷,24)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _on the market in 1973.A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes【答案答案】C【解析解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。考查時(shí)態(tài)。since引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語時(shí)，主句引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語時(shí)，主句通常用完成時(shí)，而從句用一般過去時(shí)，所以選通常用完成時(shí)，而從句用一般過去時(shí)，所以選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。返回目錄返回目錄14三、對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查三、對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查由由上下文語境上下文

13、語境表示時(shí)間。表示時(shí)間。1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbors _ for a party（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare2)Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004年浙江卷年浙江卷34題）題）A.has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down15四、對

14、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查四、對過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查I was walking down the street when it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow161.把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中考查。如果主句謂語和從句謂語都發(fā)生在過去，從句中考查。如果主句謂語和從句謂語都發(fā)生在過去，動(dòng)作時(shí)間長的用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作時(shí)間長的用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表達(dá)，表達(dá)談話背景談話背景；動(dòng)作時(shí)間動(dòng)作時(shí)間短的用一般過去時(shí)短的用一般過去時(shí)。You were out when I dropped

15、in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited172.把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在某特定的語境某特定的語境中考查。中考查。Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全國卷）年全國卷）A. did B. has done C. was doing

16、 D. had done18五、對現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查五、對現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作過去的動(dòng)作對對現(xiàn)在的影響現(xiàn)在的影響或表示或表示經(jīng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。驗(yàn)。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今并可能繼過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今并可能繼續(xù)下去續(xù)下去，常與，常與for或或since 等短語連用。等短語連用。I_(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I _(teach) there for five years . Five years la

17、ter ,I _(move) to Pinghu. I_ (teach) senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.graduatedbegantaughtmovedhave taught/have been teaching1993now19989 years5 years19(2010高考英語浙江卷高考英語浙江卷,15)For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult t

18、han predicted.Ahad dreamed of Bhave dreamed of Cdreamed of Ddream of【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。從考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。從for many years可知，可知，此處謂語動(dòng)詞用完成時(shí)態(tài)；排除此處謂語動(dòng)詞用完成時(shí)態(tài)；排除C項(xiàng)和項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；又因后項(xiàng)；又因后一句用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故排除一句用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故排除A項(xiàng)。據(jù)此答案應(yīng)該選項(xiàng)。據(jù)此答案應(yīng)該選B項(xiàng)項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)”。返回目錄返回目錄203)The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.（2004全國卷）全國卷）A.has

19、nt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned注：由終止性動(dòng)詞注：由終止性動(dòng)詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等等構(gòu)成的完成時(shí)不能與構(gòu)成的完成時(shí)不能與for或或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。但這些。但這些終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式可可以與以與for或或since短語連用短語連用。Eg. I havent met h

20、im for two years. 213.考查考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與與一般過去式一般過去式的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)著重說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式一般過去時(shí)著重說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，且句中一般有表示過去的等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，且句中一般有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只說明現(xiàn)在的情況，對現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只說明現(xiàn)在的情況，對現(xiàn)在有影響。在有影響。 Where _the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET） I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you p

21、ut; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put22The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now六、對現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查六、對現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查構(gòu)成構(gòu)成: have / has been+ doing概念概念: 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還可能繼續(xù)下去。到現(xiàn)在，并且還可能繼續(xù)下去。23現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行

22、時(shí)與與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下：的區(qū)別如下：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因現(xiàn)等因現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差別不大。在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差別不大。I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表表短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞短暫

23、動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）等）一般不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)：已完成性強(qiáng)調(diào)：已完成性強(qiáng)調(diào)：持續(xù)性，強(qiáng)調(diào)：持續(xù)性，未完成性未完成性249.(2010高考英語天津卷高考英語天津卷,4)We _on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest.A.are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked【答案答案】 B【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知語境是現(xiàn)在，考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知語境是現(xiàn)在，又有又有for f

24、our hours這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語，可以判斷動(dòng)作一直這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語，可以判斷動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并在持續(xù)進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，故選持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并在持續(xù)進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，故選B。返回目錄返回目錄251)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A.had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2) - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am

25、 tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 26七、對過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查七、對過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查過去完成時(shí)，經(jīng)常過去完成時(shí)，經(jīng)常以以“過去過去”為背景為背景，要想表達(dá)比這，要想表達(dá)比這一背景更早的動(dòng)作，即一背景更早的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去過去的過去”，常用此時(shí)，常用此時(shí)態(tài)。態(tài)。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!had sold

26、 gotNow過去的過去過去的過去27 George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite28常見考點(diǎn)有：常見考點(diǎn)有：把過去完成時(shí)放在含有把過去完成時(shí)放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀

27、語從句的復(fù)合句等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中考查。中考查。1) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid29把過去完成時(shí)放在把過去完成時(shí)放在by + 過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或或by the time + 從句（一般過去時(shí)

28、）從句（一般過去時(shí)）的句子里考查。的句子里考查。By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）年上海春）A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed301.-Do you work here? -No, I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary comes.A.just help outB. have jus

29、t helped outC. am just helping outD. will just help out舉一反三破定勢舉一反三破定勢造成思維定式的干擾因素：造成思維定式的干擾因素：comes從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)主將誤選誤選just完成時(shí)標(biāo)志完成時(shí)標(biāo)志誤選誤選B題眼題眼：I dont really work here暫時(shí)性工作暫時(shí)性工作正確選項(xiàng)正確選項(xiàng) CJust 的多義：剛正只不過引起祈使句的多義：剛正只不過引起祈使句31一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或永久一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或永久性的狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)性的狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影

30、響。作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。1考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別32典例典例1(2011年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷)Planning so far ahead _no senseso many things will have changed by next year.Amade Bis makingCmakes Dhas made解析解析由于受由于受so far的影響會(huì)誤選的影響會(huì)誤選D，其實(shí)這兒的，其實(shí)這兒的so far不是表示不是表示“到目前為止到目前為止”的那個(gè)短語的那個(gè)短語so far，此處，此處so是用來修飾短語是用來修飾短語far ahead的

31、，的，far ahead很早。很早。答案答案C33典例典例2(2011年高考安徽卷年高考安徽卷)I didnt ask for the name list. Why_ on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed it.Adoes it land Bhas it landedCwill it land Dhad it landed解析解析從對話中知道名單已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在桌子上了，從對話中知道名單已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在桌子上了，所以需要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。因此選所以需要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。因此選B。342.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷高考英語上海秋季卷, 28)

32、Every few years, the coal workers _ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had【答案答案】B【解析解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語every few years,可判斷本句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此答案選可判斷本句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此答案選B。35 前者強(qiáng)調(diào)按計(jì)劃或安排而發(fā)生的事情；后者不強(qiáng)調(diào)行為前者強(qiáng)調(diào)按計(jì)劃或安排而發(fā)生的事情；后者不強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的計(jì)劃性，多指臨時(shí)的決定或安排。的計(jì)劃性，多指臨時(shí)的決定或安排。2

33、考查考查be going to do和和willdo構(gòu)成的將來時(shí)的區(qū)別構(gòu)成的將來時(shí)的區(qū)別36典例典例3Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh，no. I forgot. I _ her now.Awill be calling Bwill callCam going to call Dam to call解析解析分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，只有分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，只有B項(xiàng)可表示臨時(shí)作項(xiàng)可表示臨時(shí)作出的決定或產(chǎn)生的想法。出的決定或產(chǎn)生的想法。A項(xiàng)表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)項(xiàng)表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的事；生的事；C項(xiàng)可表示預(yù)先安排好的要發(fā)生的事情；項(xiàng)可表示預(yù)先安排好的要發(fā)生的

34、事情；D項(xiàng)項(xiàng)表示早就有的打算。表示早就有的打算。答案答案B3738393考查過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)考查過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而過去時(shí)僅說明過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與的影響；而過去時(shí)僅說明過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。40典例典例4The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _on the market in 1973.Ahad come Bhas comeCcame Dcomes解析解析since引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語時(shí)，主句通

35、常用完引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語時(shí)，主句通常用完成時(shí)，而成時(shí)，而從句通常用一般過去時(shí)從句通常用一般過去時(shí)，所以選，所以選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。答案答案C41過去時(shí)往往有過去時(shí)往往有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語明確的過去時(shí)間狀語，說明是發(fā)生在，說明是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作；而過去完成時(shí)過去的動(dòng)作；而過去完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過過去的過去去的過去”，句中常有，句中常有byby，beforebefore，whenwhen，untiluntil等等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。4考查一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)考查一般過去

36、時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別別42典例典例5(2011四川卷四川卷)What a mistake !Yes. I_ his doing it another way, but without success.Awas suggesting Bwill suggestCwould suggest Dhad suggested解析解析根據(jù)語境可知根據(jù)語境可知suggest動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在犯錯(cuò)誤之動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在犯錯(cuò)誤之前，即前，即“過去的過去過去的過去”，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。答案答案D43一些動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)的一些動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)的“特別特別”之意之意intend，mean，hope，want，

37、plan，suppose，expect，think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可用來表示過去未等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可用來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜之情。曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜之情。如：如：I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.我本來打算昨天去看你，但我有我本來打算昨天去看你，但我有了一個(gè)不速之客。了一個(gè)不速之客。44 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的持續(xù)性某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的持續(xù)性，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作本身；現(xiàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作本身；現(xiàn)

38、在完成時(shí)則是在完成時(shí)則是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響，而不是動(dòng)作本身。而不是動(dòng)作本身。5考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別45典例典例6(2011年高考遼寧卷年高考遼寧卷) Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I_.Awas doing Bam doingChave done Dhad been doing解析解析我一完成我正在做的事情，就去圖書館。本我一完成我正在做的事情，就去圖書館。本題語境為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，題語境為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

39、態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在正在做的事情。表示現(xiàn)在正在做的事情。 答案答案B466考查一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別考查一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)僅一般過去時(shí)僅說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性作的延續(xù)性；而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則；而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。47典例典例7I walked slowly through the market，where people _all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and

40、 bought what I needed.Asell Bwere sellingChas sold Dhave sold答案答案B48 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)除表示現(xiàn)在外，還可以表示將現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)除表示現(xiàn)在外，還可以表示將來?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來時(shí)常有來?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來時(shí)常有“安排安排”或或“打打算算”之意，所用動(dòng)詞多是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如之意，所用動(dòng)詞多是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如marry，die，leave，join等。等。7現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來49典例典例8An airbus has begun taking orders from Chinese customers on the mainland

41、and _more this year.Ais expecting BexpectedCwill expect Dis expected解析解析此處應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，但此處應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，但expect一詞一詞習(xí)慣上用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。習(xí)慣上用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。答案答案A50被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)51 高考對被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考查往往跟對時(shí)態(tài)的考查融合高考對被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考查往往跟對時(shí)態(tài)的考查融合在一起，而且在一起，而且語境化特點(diǎn)非常突出語境化特點(diǎn)非常突出。語態(tài)用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)語態(tài)用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)

42、語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者 。521 1被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語形式 ( (以動(dòng)詞以動(dòng)詞givegive為例為例) )一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：am/is/are givenam/is/are given一般過去時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)：was/were givenwas/were given一般將來時(shí)態(tài)：一般將來時(shí)態(tài)：shall/will be givenshall/will be given過去將來時(shí)態(tài)：過去將來時(shí)態(tài)：should/would be givenshould/would be given現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：

43、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：am/is/are being givenam/is/are being given過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：was/were being givenwas/were being given現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：has/have been givenhas/have been given過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：had been givenhad been given53(2011年高考湖南卷年高考湖南卷)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists.Aare maki

44、ng Bare madeCwill make Dwill be made答案答案D542特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式(1)雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間雙賓動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，直接賓語不變。這接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，直接賓語不變。這一保留不變的賓語叫做保留賓語。如將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中一保留不變的賓語叫做保留賓語。如將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，間接賓語之前的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞則應(yīng)加介詞to(可省去可省去)或或for(一般不可省一般不可省)。如：。

45、如：55典例典例2She was _the bike for 20 dollars，but she wouldnt take it.Aprovided BsuppliedCoffered Dgave解析解析offer作作“出價(jià)，開價(jià)出價(jià)，開價(jià)”講，常有講，常有offer (sb.) money for sth. 答案答案C56(2)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)時(shí)，一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)時(shí)，一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語不變。賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語不變。典例典例3The missing boys

46、 were last seen _near the river.Ato sing BsingingCto be singing Dsing答案答案B57(3)“be過去分詞不定式過去分詞不定式”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)She is said to know three languages.據(jù)說她懂三種語言。據(jù)說她懂三種語言。(4)“itbe過去分詞從句過去分詞從句”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)Its said that she has some supernatural powers.58常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：It is known that.眾所周知眾所周知It is suggested th

47、at.有人建議有人建議It is believed that.據(jù)信據(jù)信59(5)getdone構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)此種形式用來表示狀態(tài)或情況，?？嫉男问饺绱朔N形式用來表示狀態(tài)或情況，?？嫉男问饺缦拢合拢篻et married結(jié)婚；結(jié)婚；get engaged訂婚；訂婚；get hurt/wounded受傷；受傷；get lost迷路；迷路；get drunk喝醉了；喝醉了；get caught/stuck/trapped被困；被困；get dressed穿好衣服；穿好衣服；get run over被被(車車)軋軋60典例典例4Before she realized what happene

48、d，she got _ on the head and lost consciousness.Ahit Bto be hitChitting Dhitted解析解析get hit表示表示“被打被打”，做題時(shí)考生應(yīng)，做題時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意注意hit的原形、過去式、過去分詞的形式是一的原形、過去式、過去分詞的形式是一樣的，此處是其過去分詞形式。樣的，此處是其過去分詞形式。答案答案A613時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合考查 高考單項(xiàng)填空中往往是把時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)結(jié)高考單項(xiàng)填空中往往是把時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)結(jié)合起來考查，以增加試題的難度和綜合性。合起來考查，以增加試題的難度和綜合性。621.(2010高考英語上海秋季

49、卷高考英語上海秋季卷,31)The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored【答案答案】D【解析解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。restore意思為修意思為修復(fù)，因此為正在修復(fù)中，并且復(fù)，因此為正在修復(fù)中，并且the tower和和restore之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選D。返回目錄返回目錄634主

50、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致性主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致性主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要對應(yīng)，即要保持時(shí)態(tài)的一致主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要對應(yīng)，即要保持時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。這使考生在做題中既可以根據(jù)主句的時(shí)性。這使考生在做題中既可以根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)來確定從句的時(shí)態(tài)，也可以根據(jù)從句的時(shí)態(tài)來確定從句的時(shí)態(tài)，也可以根據(jù)從句的時(shí)態(tài)來確定主句的時(shí)態(tài)。態(tài)來確定主句的時(shí)態(tài)。64典例典例6The church tower which _will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.Ahas restored Bhas been restoredCis restoring Dis be

51、ing restored解析解析因此此處強(qiáng)調(diào)正在修復(fù)中，且要用被因此此處強(qiáng)調(diào)正在修復(fù)中，且要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。答案答案D652固定句型中的固定時(shí)態(tài)固定句型中的固定時(shí)態(tài)在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時(shí)態(tài)要求，請?bào)w會(huì)在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時(shí)態(tài)要求，請?bào)w會(huì)下列句子中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用：下列句子中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用：(1)This/It is the first/second.time I have done sth.That/It was the first/second.time I had done sth.(2)It is two years since he went abroad./It

52、 was two years since he had gone abroad.(3)I was about to go out when the telephone rang.66(4)Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.(5)No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.(6)It wont be long before he comes back./It wasnt long before he came back.(7)I didnt manage to understand i

53、t until he had explained it again.(8)祈使句祈使句and(or，or else，otherwise)并并列分句列分句671(2011年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷)When Alice came to，she did not know how long she _ there. Ahad been lying Bhas been lyingCwas lying Dhas lain解析：解析：由由 she did not know how long.可知應(yīng)用可知應(yīng)用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。答案：答案：A68

54、2(2011年大綱全國卷年大綱全國卷)If you dont like the drink you_， just leave it and try a different one.Aordered Bare orderingCwill order Dhad ordered答案：答案：A693(2011年高考山東卷年高考山東卷)When I got on the bus，I_I had left my wallet at home.Awas realizing BrealizedChave realized Dwould realize答案：答案：B704(2011年高考福建卷年高考福建卷)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ from China.Areceive Bare receivingChave received Dhad received答案：答案：D71Thank you!