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1、Unit 3 Language in use構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法 (1)合成構(gòu)詞法 英語(yǔ)中很多單詞是通過(guò)合成的方式構(gòu)成的,它們叫作合成詞。常見(jiàn)的合成詞有合成名詞、合成動(dòng)詞、合成形容詞、合成副詞這幾種類(lèi)型。1)合成名詞。如:football足球;handwriting筆跡2)合成動(dòng)詞。如:download下載;safeguard保衛(wèi)3)合成形容詞。如:world-famous世界聞名的4)合成副詞。如:upstairs在樓上;sometimes有時(shí) (2)派生構(gòu)詞法 派生法又稱(chēng)前綴、后綴構(gòu)詞法,即在一個(gè)單詞前或后加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新的單詞。前綴、后綴是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的擴(kuò)充詞匯的方式,也是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)必須掌握的構(gòu)
2、詞法。 1)否定前綴,表示“不;相反”: un-。如:unhappy不高興的;unhealthy不健康的 im-。如:impolite不禮貌的;impossible不可能的 in-。如:incorrect不正確的;independent獨(dú)立的 dis-。如:disagree不同意;disappear消失 mis-。如:misunderstand誤解 2)其他前綴: inter-,表示“相互”。如:international國(guó)際的 over-,表示“超過(guò)”。如:overweight超重 super-,表示“超級(jí)”。如:superman超人 3)名詞后綴,表示“人”:-er。如:worker工人;
3、teacher教師-or。如:actor男演員;inventor發(fā)明者-ese。如:Chinese中國(guó)人;Japanese日本人-ian。如:Australian澳大利亞人-ist。如:pianist鋼琴家;artist藝術(shù)家 4)其他名詞后綴:-ment。如:development發(fā)展;movement運(yùn)動(dòng)-ness。如:illness疾??;kindness善良-tion。如:invention發(fā)明;action行動(dòng) 5)形容詞后綴: -able,表示“可能;易于”。如:enjoyable愉快的 -ful,表示“充滿(mǎn);具有性質(zhì)”。如:careful仔細(xì)的 -less,表示“少的”。如:car
4、eless粗心的 -ly,表示“般的”。如:fatherly父親般的 -al,表示“具有性質(zhì)的”。如:personal私人的 -en,表示“質(zhì)地的”。如:golden金色的 3)轉(zhuǎn)化法 轉(zhuǎn)化法就是在不改變拼寫(xiě)形式的基礎(chǔ)上,由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性,主要有動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞或名詞等。 1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞。如: to dress穿a beautiful dress一條漂亮的裙子 to smell聞a terrible smell難聞的氣味 2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。如: a cup of water一杯水water the flowers澆花 3)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞。如:
5、a black dress一條黑色的裙子 a girl in black一個(gè)穿著黑衣服的女孩【話(huà)題呈現(xiàn)話(huà)題呈現(xiàn)】 本模塊圍繞“Save our world”展開(kāi)話(huà)題,以節(jié)約能源、保護(hù)環(huán)境為主線,讓學(xué)生樹(shù)立環(huán)保意識(shí),勸說(shuō)人們?cè)鰪?qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí)。要求學(xué)生能夠在寫(xiě)作中運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫吞峤ㄗh,并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由?!炯丫渌C萃佳句薈萃】 Its our duty to save water. 節(jié)約水是我們的責(zé)任。 As we know, water is very important to man. 正如我們所知,水對(duì)人類(lèi)很重要。 We cant live without water. 沒(méi)有水我們無(wú)法生存。 The
6、amount of water which is suitable to drink is becoming less and less. 適合飲用的水的數(shù)量越來(lái)越少。 But some people dont care about it. 但是一些人并不關(guān)心它。 Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution. 許多河流和湖泊受到了嚴(yán)重的污染。必須采取措施來(lái)阻止污染。 Its our/everyones duty to protect our environm
7、ent. 保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們/每個(gè)人的責(zé)任。 It is very important to take care of our environment. 照顧好我們的環(huán)境很重要。 We should not throw away litter everywhere. 我們不應(yīng)該到處扔垃圾。 We should not spit in a public place. 我們不應(yīng)該在公共場(chǎng)所吐痰。 If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautifu
8、l. 如果每個(gè)人都為保護(hù)環(huán)境做貢獻(xiàn),世界將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越美好。 Trees are very helpful and important for us. 樹(shù)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是有益又重要的。 We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and healthier lives in the future.為了在未來(lái)活得更好更健康,我們應(yīng)該種越來(lái)越多的樹(shù)?!緦?xiě)作任務(wù)寫(xiě)作任務(wù)】 有一種節(jié)約叫“光盤(pán)”,有一工藝叫“光盤(pán)”!所謂“光盤(pán)”就是吃干凈你盤(pán)子里的食物,拒絕浪費(fèi),珍惜糧食!針對(duì)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng),并根據(jù)提示請(qǐng)以“No Wasting on
9、Food”為題,寫(xiě)一篇80詞左右的短文,號(hào)召大家參與這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。 要求提示:Reason: 1. a waste of food/money; 2. pollute the environment; Suggestions: 1. eat up all your food/clear your plate; 2. order less or smaller dishes. 注意:1. 必須包括所有要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮; 2. 語(yǔ)句流暢,書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范; 3. 文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名、地名等信息; 4. 開(kāi)頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)?!緦?xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 這是要求學(xué)生寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于拒絕浪費(fèi),珍惜糧食的文章,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和第
10、一人稱(chēng)來(lái)寫(xiě)作。Beginning越來(lái)越多的人加入光盤(pán)行動(dòng)越來(lái)越多的人加入光盤(pán)行動(dòng) Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “1 ” campaign(活動(dòng)).Clearing Our PlateBody描述節(jié)約糧食的重要性描述節(jié)約糧食的重要性 It is a waste of 2 . And its not easy for farmers to 3 for us. There are still too many people in the 4 areas in China. the environment
11、will be 5 by the waste food.Ending可采取的措施及呼吁可采取的措施及呼吁 First, we should 6 all the food. Second, we may order 7 or 8 dishes.food and moneyproduce the foodpoorpollutedeat up less smaller【自主創(chuàng)作自主創(chuàng)作】 No Wasting on Food Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Our Plate” campa
12、ign aga-inst wasting food by offering smaller dishes. 【范文展示范文展示】 No Wasting on Food Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Our Plate” campaign against wasting food by offering smaller dishes. Many people around also pay more attention to saving food in their life. A
13、number of people have realised the importance of saving food. I believe it is important for us to take an active part in this activity. It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little. And its not easy for farmers to produce the food for us. There are still too many peop
14、le in the poor areas in China, and they dont have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the environment will be polluted by the waste food. We should take action to support the campaign. What should we do in our daily life to support the campaign? First, we should eat up all the food in our plates. Second,
15、 we may order less or smaller dishes in the restaurant. Third, we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later. In a word, I think we should try our best to cherish the food.【升格點(diǎn)撥】 1. 該篇文章開(kāi)頭指出越來(lái)越多的餐館加入“光盤(pán)行動(dòng)”。 2. 第二段寫(xiě)節(jié)約食物的必要性。第二段開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)出人們認(rèn)識(shí)到節(jié)約食物的重要性,同時(shí)又指出節(jié)約食物的原因。 3. 結(jié)尾寫(xiě)減少食物浪費(fèi)可采取的措施及呼吁大家珍惜食物。最后一段開(kāi)頭以提問(wèn)的方式引出要采取的措施進(jìn)行提問(wèn),接下來(lái)分述采取的具體措施,最后呼吁大家珍惜食物,杜絕浪費(fèi)。文章一氣呵成,水到渠成。