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1、課時(shí)作業(yè)30等差數(shù)列及其前n項(xiàng)和1(2019湖北荊州一模)在等差數(shù)列an中,a11,a2a610,則a7(A)A9 B10C11 D12解析:在等差數(shù)列an中,a11,a2a610,解得a11,d,a7a16d189.故選A.2在等差數(shù)列an中,a3,a15是方程x26x50的根,則S17的值是(B)A41 B51C61 D68解析:由題可得a3a156,所以a1a17a3a156.所以S17651.3(2019山東菏澤一模)已知在等差數(shù)列an中,a11,a32a1,a53a2,若Sna1a2an,且Sk66,則k的值為(B)A9 B11C10 D12解析:在等差數(shù)列中,第一項(xiàng)、第三項(xiàng)、第五項(xiàng)
2、分別為1,2a1,3a2,2(2a1)13a2,解得a1,公差d1,Skk1166,解得k11或k12(舍)故選B.4(2019江西贛中南五校聯(lián)考)在等差數(shù)列an中,已知a3a80,且S90,則S1、S2、S9中最小的是(A)AS5 BS6CS7 DS8解析:在等差數(shù)列an中,a3a80,S90,a5a6a3a80,S99a50,a50,a60,S1、S2、S9中最小的是S5,故選A.5(2019河南信陽(yáng)模擬)九章算術(shù)是我國(guó)古代的數(shù)學(xué)名著,書(shū)中有如下問(wèn)題:“今有五人分五錢(qián),令上二人所得與下三人等,問(wèn)各得幾何?”其意思為“已知甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五人分五錢(qián),甲、乙兩人所得與丙、丁、戊三人所得相同,
3、且甲、乙、丙、丁、戊所得依次成等差數(shù)列,問(wèn)五人各得多少錢(qián)?”(“錢(qián)”是古代一種質(zhì)量單位),在這個(gè)問(wèn)題中,甲得_錢(qián)(C)A. B.C. D.解析:甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五人所得錢(qián)數(shù)依次設(shè)為成等差數(shù)列的a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,設(shè)公差為d,由題意知a1a2a3a4a5,即解得故甲得錢(qián),故選C.6(2019泉州模擬)在各項(xiàng)均為正數(shù)的等差數(shù)列an中,其前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,當(dāng)nN*,n2時(shí),有Sn(aa),則S202S10(A)A50 B50C100 D100解析:設(shè)等差數(shù)列an的公差為d,則當(dāng)n3時(shí),S3(aa),即3a13d(a12d)2a,整理得a1d2d(a1d),可得d,所以S202S1020a1
4、20a110950,故選A.7(2019石家莊一模)已知函數(shù)f(x)的圖象關(guān)于直線x1對(duì)稱,且f(x)在(1,)上單調(diào),若數(shù)列an是公差不為0的等差數(shù)列,且f(a50)f(a51),則數(shù)列an的前100項(xiàng)的和為(B)A200 B100C50 D0解析:因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)f(x)的圖象關(guān)于直線x1對(duì)稱,又函數(shù)f(x)在(1,)上單調(diào),所以f(x)在(,1)上也單調(diào),且數(shù)列an是公差不為0的等差數(shù)列又f(a50)f(a51),所以a50a512,所以S10050(a50a51)100.8(2019太原模擬)已知等差數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,且S39,a2a421,數(shù)列bn滿足1(nN*),若bn,則n的最小
5、值為(C)A6 B7C8 D9解析:設(shè)等差數(shù)列an的公差為d.S3a1a2a33a29,a2a421,a23,a47,d2,an2n1.設(shè)Tn1,則Tn11,兩式作差得Tn1Tn,所以bn1,則bn.當(dāng)bn,即時(shí),得n的最小值為8,故選C.9設(shè)數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式為an2n10(nN*),則|a1|a2|a15|130.解析:由an2n10(nN*)知an是以8為首項(xiàng),2為公差的等差數(shù)列,又由an2n100,得n5,當(dāng)n5時(shí),an0,當(dāng)n5時(shí),an0,|a1|a2|a15|(a1a2a3a4)(a5a6a15)20110130.10設(shè)等差數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,已知前6項(xiàng)和為36,最后6項(xiàng)的和
6、為180,Sn324(n6),則數(shù)列an的項(xiàng)數(shù)為18.解析:由題意知a1a2a636,anan1an2an5180,得(a1an)(a2an1)(a6an5)6(a1an)216,a1an36,又Sn324,18n324,n18.11(2019福建外國(guó)語(yǔ)中學(xué)調(diào)研)已知等差數(shù)列an的公差d0,前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,且a2a345,S428.(1)求數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式;(2)若bn(c為非零常數(shù)),且數(shù)列bn也是等差數(shù)列,求c的值解:(1)S428,28,a1a414,則a2a314,又a2a345,公差d0,a2a3,a25,a39,解得an4n3.(2)由(1)知Sn2n2n,bn,b1,b2,b3
7、.又bn是等差數(shù)列,b1b32b2,即2,解得c(c0舍去)12(2019山東濟(jì)南一中檢測(cè))各項(xiàng)均不為0的數(shù)列an滿足an2an,且a32a8.(1)證明:數(shù)列是等差數(shù)列,并求數(shù)列an的通項(xiàng)公式;(2)若數(shù)列bn的通項(xiàng)公式為bn,求數(shù)列bn的前n項(xiàng)和Sn.解:(1)依題意,an1anan2an12an2an,兩邊同時(shí)除以anan1an2,可得,故數(shù)列是等差數(shù)列,設(shè)數(shù)列的公差為d.因?yàn)閍32a8,所以5,10,所以55d,即d1,故(n3)d5(n3)1n2,故an.(2)由(1)可知bn,故Sn.13(2019湖南永州模擬)已知數(shù)列an是等差數(shù)列,前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,滿足a15a3S8,給出下列結(jié)
8、論:a100;S10最??;S7S12;S200.其中一定正確的結(jié)論是(C)A BC D解析:a15a3S8,a15a110d8a128d,a19d,ana1(n1)d(n10)d,a100,故一定正確,Snna19nd(n219n),S7S12,故一定正確,顯然S10最小與S200不一定正確,故選C.14若數(shù)列an滿足1,且a15,則數(shù)列an的前200項(xiàng)中,能被5整除的項(xiàng)數(shù)為(B)A90 B80C60 D40解析:數(shù)列an滿足1,即1,又1,數(shù)列是以1為首項(xiàng),1為公差的等差數(shù)列,n,an2n23n,列表如下:項(xiàng)12345678910an的個(gè)位數(shù)5474509290每10項(xiàng)中有4項(xiàng)能被5整除,數(shù)
9、列an的前200項(xiàng)中,能被5整除的項(xiàng)數(shù)為80,故選B.15設(shè)等差數(shù)列an滿足a11,an0(nN*),其前n項(xiàng)和為Sn,若數(shù)列也為等差數(shù)列,則的最大值是121.解析:設(shè)數(shù)列an的公差為d,由題意得2,因?yàn)閍11,所以2,化簡(jiǎn)可得d2a12,所以an1(n1)22n1,Snn2n2,所以222.又為單調(diào)遞減數(shù)列,所以112121.16已知數(shù)列an滿足,an1an4n3(nN*)(1)若數(shù)列an是等差數(shù)列,求a1的值;(2)當(dāng)a12時(shí),求數(shù)列an的前n項(xiàng)和Sn.解:(1)解法一:數(shù)列an是等差數(shù)列,ana1(n1)d,an1a1nd.由an1an4n3,得a1nda1(n1)d4n3,2dn(2a1d)4n3,即2d4,2a1d3,解得d2,a1.解法二:在等差數(shù)列an中,由an1an4n3,得an2an14(n1)34n1,2dan2an4n1(4n3)4,d2.又a1a22a1d2a121,a1.(2)由題意知,當(dāng)n為奇數(shù)時(shí),Sna1a2a3ana1(a2a3)(a4a5)(an1an)2424(n1)3.當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時(shí),Sna1a2a3an(a1a2)(a3a4)(an1an)19(4n7).綜上,Sn