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1、華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式12.4.2 整式的除法華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式1 1計(jì)算并回答問(wèn)題:計(jì)算并回答問(wèn)題:以上計(jì)算是什么運(yùn)算?能否敘以上計(jì)算是什么運(yùn)算?能否敘述這種運(yùn)算的法則?述這種運(yùn)算的法則?(2)5x(2)5x2 2(-3xy)(-3xy)(1)3a(1)3a2 2b2bb2bc c2 2= = 6 6 a a2 2 b b2 2 c c2 2= = -15 -15 x x3 3 y y華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式2 2計(jì)算:計(jì)算: x x6 6(x(x4 4x x3 3) )=x=x5 5華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式3.3.填空:填空:(1)( )a(1)( )a3
2、3a a5 5(3)( )3a(3)( )3a2 2b b6a6a2 2b b3 3(2)( )b(2)( )b2 2=b=b3 3a a2 2b b2 2(4)5x(4)5x2 2( ) =-15x( ) =-15x3 3-3-3 b b2 2 x x華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式例:計(jì)算例:計(jì)算12a12a3 3b b2 23ab3ab2 2=4a=4a2 2華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式例:計(jì)算例:計(jì)算: 6a: 6a2 2b b3 3c c2 23a3a2 2b b =2b=2b2 2c c2 2華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式 單項(xiàng)式相除,單項(xiàng)式相除,法則:法則: 把系數(shù)、同底把系數(shù)、
3、同底數(shù)冪分別相除,作為商的因式,數(shù)冪分別相除,作為商的因式,對(duì)于只在被除式里含有的字母,對(duì)于只在被除式里含有的字母,則連同它的指數(shù)作為商的一個(gè)因則連同它的指數(shù)作為商的一個(gè)因式。式。華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式單項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式的步驟:?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式的步驟:(1)(1)先將系數(shù)相除;先將系數(shù)相除;(2)(2)對(duì)于被除式和除式中都有的字對(duì)于被除式和除式中都有的字母,則按照同底數(shù)冪相除的法則母,則按照同底數(shù)冪相除的法則分別相除;分別相除;(3)(3)對(duì)于被除式中單獨(dú)有的字母,對(duì)于被除式中單獨(dú)有的字母,則連同它的指數(shù)作為商的一個(gè)因則連同它的指數(shù)作為商的一個(gè)因式式華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式(1)2
4、8x(1)28x4 4y y2 27x7x3 3y y(2)-5a(2)-5a5 5b b3 3c c5a5a4 4b b3 3(3)-3a(3)-3a2 2x x4 4y y3 3(-axy(-axy2 2) )(4)(6x(4)(6x2 2y y3 3) )2 2(3xy(3xy2 2) )2 2(5)(6(5)(610108 8) )(3(310105 5) )(6)(4(6)(410109 9) )(-2(-210103 3) )1 1、計(jì)算:、計(jì)算:華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式2 2、把圖中左圈里的每一個(gè)代數(shù)式分、把圖中左圈里的每一個(gè)代數(shù)式分別除以別除以2x2x2 2y y,然后把
5、商式寫(xiě)在右圈,然后把商式寫(xiě)在右圈里里2 24x4x3 3y y-12x-12x4 4y y3 3-16x-16x2 2yzyz0.5x0.5x2 2y y除以除以2x2x2 2y y-6-60.250.25 x x x x2 2 y y2 2-8-8z z華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式(3 3)(5ab(5ab2 2c)c)4 4(-5ab(-5ab2 2c c2 2) )2 2(4)(-2a(4)(-2a4 4b b3 3c)c)3 3(-8a(-8a4 4b b5 5c)c)(5(5 ) )(-3.6(-3.610101010) )(-2(-210102 2) )2 2(3(310102
6、2) )2 2 (2) 6m(2) 6m2 2n n(-2mn)(-2mn)(1)3mn(1)3mn3 3mnmn2 23 3、計(jì)算:、計(jì)算:華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式(1)18(a+b)(1)18(a+b)7 79(a+b)9(a+b)3 3(2)(a-b)(2)(a-b)3 3 2 2(b-a)(b-a)2 2 3 3(3)(2ax)(3)(2ax)2 2(-0.5a(-0.5a4 4x x3 3y y3 3) )(-a(-a5 5xyxy2 2) )(4)(4)已知已知4a4a3 3b bm ma an nb b2 2=4a=4a2 2 求求:m,n:m,n(5)15(a-b)(5)
7、15(a-b)3 3-6(a-b)-6(a-b)q+5q+5(b-a)(b-a)2 245(b-a)45(b-a)5 5(6)a(6)am+2m+2(8a(8am m)(2a)(2a2 2) )3 3 m m4 4、計(jì)算:、計(jì)算:華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式注意:注意:1 1)運(yùn)算順序;)運(yùn)算順序;2 2)符號(hào)問(wèn)題;)符號(hào)問(wèn)題;3 3)a a0 0=1;=1;4 4)(a-b)(a-b)2n2n=(b-a)=(b-a)2n2n華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式學(xué)學(xué) 以以 致致 用用華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式(1)(ad+bd)d=_(2)(a2b+3ab)a=_(3)(xy3-2xy)(xy
8、)=_a+bab+3by2-2華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式例例3 計(jì)算:計(jì)算:;)(;)()3()61527( 2 )2()86( 123aaaabbab。)(;)()21()213( 4 )3()69( 32222xyxyxyyxxyxyyx華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式(1)yyxy3(2)mmcmbma(3) dcdcdc233226(4)1、計(jì)算、計(jì)算3x+1a+b+c=2213cd=yx7374xyxyyx73422(5) 2222baba(6)yyxyxyx42222abx+2y=華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式輸入m平方+m-1輸出mmmm12= mm華師版八上數(shù)學(xué)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式小結(jié)