備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點24 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（含解析）

考點24 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句高考頻度：考向一 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞關(guān)系代詞的用法當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，我們通常用介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指人，用介詞whom；如果指物，用介詞which。 介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用1.一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞的意義；從句中的動詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；句子的意思。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永遠不會忘記孩童時代我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的時光。2.表示整體和部分關(guān)系，介詞常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當(dāng)中絕大部分是家庭成員。3.有時介詞where可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時要和介詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的頭很快從窗口探了出來，從那里除了樹木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window，而不是from the window)在定語從句中，含介詞的短語動詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開后含義發(fā)生變化)，如look after, look for等。of which / whom有時可以用whose名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫。當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語從句中缺少狀語時，通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(in which或that可省略)；如果定語從句中不缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。 1.(2017·江蘇卷·單項填空) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the World Food Programme，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作定語，修飾名詞purposes，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)，故選C項。句意：1963年，聯(lián)合國成立了世界糧食計劃署，其目的之一就是緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑荒。2.（2016 江蘇卷·單項填空）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是Many young people，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語。句意：很多年輕人都前往偏遠地區(qū)追求它們的夢想，其中大部分人都受過良好教育。故C項正確?？枷蚨?定語從句與其他句型的區(qū)別一、限制性定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞有跟他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞，而引導(dǎo)同位語從句時則沒有與他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞。Sorry, Ive forgot the day when we met for the first time. 抱歉，我記不起我們第一次見面的日子了。（定語從句，先行詞the day 與when含義相應(yīng)）Ive no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我們第一次是什么時候見面的。（同位語從句，idea與when沒有任何聯(lián)系） 二、定語從句與時間狀語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與時間狀語從句的連接詞都是when時，定語從句修飾、限制、說明時間名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面；而時間狀語從句說明動作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下課的時間嗎？（定語從句）It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 當(dāng)課結(jié)束時，已經(jīng)是五點鐘了。（時間狀語從句）三、定語從句與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與地點狀語從句的連接詞都是where時，定語從句修飾、限制、說明地點名詞；而狀語從句則說明動作發(fā)生的地點，where沒有對應(yīng)的地點名詞或代詞。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 這就是幾年前我們常居住的地方。（定語從句）Lets go where we can find a better job. 我們到我們能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地點狀語從句）四、定語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別定語從句對名詞或代詞的修飾和限制，關(guān)系詞可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而強調(diào)句型是對某部分加強語氣，強調(diào)語氣的連接詞只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 沒有任何意義；一般比較明顯，而有時就難以區(qū)別，還需要根據(jù)上下文的語境來判斷。It is a book that he wants.它究竟是強調(diào)句型還是定語從句，就要從語境上來考察。如果它是用來回答What is this / that? 這樣的問題，意思是：它是一本他想要的書。句子顯然是定語從句。如果是用來回答What does he want? 這樣的問題，那么意思是：他想要的是一本書。顯然，句子是強調(diào)句型。五、定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別定語從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中還要作某種成分，因而從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語從句中的連接詞不作任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（定語從句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的書，我么大家都喜歡它。（結(jié)果狀語從句）比較：It is such an interesting book that we all like. 強調(diào)句型。意思是：我們大家都喜歡的是一本如此有趣的書。六、定語從句與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別定語從句一般有關(guān)系詞、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整；而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有關(guān)系詞、也沒有謂語動詞。The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于這本書有趣，我們大家都喜歡它。The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 這本有趣的書是去年出版的。1. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ were popular. Its the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of _ was a success. A. these；themB. which；whichC. those；whichD. which；them 【參考答案】D【答案解析】本題很容易誤選A、B。選對該題的關(guān)鍵是：要注意前面一句的 none of.沒有并列連詞（說明它才是非限制性定語從句，所以其后填which）；而后面一句的none of.前有一并列連詞but（說明它與前面一句構(gòu)成并列句，所以其后填them）。2. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when【參考答案】2. B 3. B【答案解析】定語從句中有表示地點的先行詞，而地點狀語從句中則沒有；定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用介詞+which來代替where，而地點狀語從句則通常只能由where引導(dǎo)。因此第2題中無表示地點的先行詞，是表示地點的狀語從句，故填where，第3題中the small town是先行詞，為定語從句，故填where，也可用in which替換。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2019·北京卷) Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, _ can reduce oral bacteria.2.(2019·全國卷II) Laurie Demerit，_ company provided the statistics for the report.3. (2017·北京)This is called “herd immunity”, _ protects the people who get hurt easily, including those _ cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on _ the vaccine doesnt work.4.Her performances on the stage were perfect，_ made a lot of people admire her.5.The city was attacked by such terrible weather _ few citizens had ever experienced before.6.A story I read two years ago，_ name I cant remember clearly，changed my idea about education.7.I dont know the reason _ you lied to your parents，but youd better explain.8._ is mentioned above，paper is first made in China.9.A sailor _ has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor.10.I often think about the times _ I have felt hurt and insulted by rude remarks from strangers and sometimes from acquaintances.題組二 能力提升I.單項填空1.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.A.with whichB.to whichC.of whichD.for which2.Gun control is a subject_ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of whichB.with whichC.about whichD.into which3.Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company.A.after thatB.after whichC.after itD.after this4.True friendship is like health, the value_is seldom known until it is lost.A.of itB.on whichC.of whomD.of which5.With more than 17 000 islands, _ _only 6 000 are inhabited, Indonesia is the worlds largest archipelago (群島).A.on whichB.for whichC.of whichD.along which6. Pointing to the house on _ roof grew lots of bushes, the old man told me that was _ I would stay.A. its；whatB. whose；whatC. whose；whereD. its；where7. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without _ tireless work, none of these would be possible.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. that8. Have you known Jane for long?Not very long, _ we started to serve the World Expo in Milan.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. sinceII. 語篇填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空Do you know the man _1_wrote this book？He was Jason，one of the engineers _2_came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory _3_my father once worked. When he came to China，the first thing _4_ he did was to visit the factory _5_did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason _6_China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute _7_he could spare to help China develop transportation._8_is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner _9_made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to _10_we should say thanks.III. 語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。If you only got six hours' shut eye last night, there is no need 1 ( lose )sleep over it.Scientists say that though it is 2 (wide) believed that we need eight hours of sleep a night, six to seven hours is the natural amount.Advising short-sleepers to rest easy, the US researchers say, 3 (have) important implications(暗示,含義) for the idea that we need to take sleeping pills because sleep has been reduced from 4 (it) natural level by the widespread use of electricity, TV, the Internet and so on.'The lead author of a study, Ghandi, said: “There's the 5 (expect) that we should all be sleeping for eight or nine hours a night, and if we took away modern technology, we would be sleeping more. But now, for the first time, we are showing thats not 6 truth.”Most of those 7 were studied slept for less than seven hours a night, with the average amount just six hours and 25 minutes. This is much less than the eight hours often 8 (recommend) in western societies.Despite this, the people studied were in good health, 9 lower rates of obesity(肥胖癥), better blood pressure and 10 (healthy) hearts than people in industrialised societies. They were also fitter.題組三體驗真題1.（2016 浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. whatD. that 2.(2015·浙江) Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which3.(2015·重慶) He wrote many children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.A. whom B. which C. them D. that題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.which2.whose3.which, who, whom4.which5.as6.whose7.why8.As9.who10.when題組二 能力提升I.單項填空1.B【解析】考查固定短語的用法。句意：人類的面部表情和動物的面部表情就可控制的程度來說是不一樣的。本句是定語從句，先行詞是the degree，to the degree是固定短語，意為到程度，關(guān)系詞which在從句中作to的賓語，本句將從句中的介詞to提至關(guān)系詞which前面了。故選B。2.C 【解析】考查動詞短語的辨析。句意：對槍的控制是美國人一直爭論的一個話題。argue about意為爭論；argue with意為和爭論，所以此處應(yīng)用介詞about。故選C。 3.B 【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。在這個非限制性定語從句中，先行詞是Eric received training in computer for one year這件事，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞after的賓語，所以關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用which。故選B。4.D 【解析】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：真正的友誼猶如健康，直到失去時才知其可貴。此處不能用介詞+指示代詞結(jié)構(gòu)；先行詞為friendship，指物，故不能用whom；此處表示所屬關(guān)系，故介詞只能用of，所以B項不符合句意。故選D。【溫馨提示】本題易誤選A項或者C項。但是考生需要注意,用whom時先行詞應(yīng)指人；如選A,可在逗號后加上連詞and。 5.C 【解析】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知選C。of which中的which指17 000 islands,17 000 islands為先行詞。6. C 【解析】考查定語從句和表語從句。句意：老人指著那個屋頂上長著許多灌木的房子對我說，那就是我將要待的地方。house是先行詞，與roof是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)；that was _ I would stay是told的賓語從句，該從句中that是主語，_ I would stay是表語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，所以用where引導(dǎo)。7. C 【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們特別感謝數(shù)以千計的志愿者們，沒有他們不知疲倦的工作，所有這些都不可能做到。volunteers與tireless work是所屬關(guān)系，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose，在從句中作定語。8. D 【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：你認識Jane很久了嗎？認識的時間不長，是從我們開始服務(wù)于米蘭世博會時認識的。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選since，表示自以來，自以后。II. 語篇填空1.who/that2.who/that3.where4.that 5.which/that6.why7.that8.As9.who/that 10.whomIII. 語法填空【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。研究表明：和八小時的睡眠相比，一個晚上六到七個小時的睡眠更好。1. to lose【解析】考查固定句式。There is no need to do sth.是固定句式，意為“沒有必要做某事”，故填to lose。2. widely【解析】考查副詞。該空修飾動詞believe，需用副詞，故填widely。3. has【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：建議睡眠不足的人放松休息對我們需要服用安眠藥的想法有重要意義。根據(jù)下文可知，該句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。且主語為動名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故謂語動詞應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填has。4. its【解析】考查代詞。句意：由于電力、電視、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等的廣泛使用，睡眠已從其自然水平上減少了。 該空修飾后面的名詞level，應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。5. expectation【解析】考查名詞。句意：人們期望我們每晚睡八到九個小時，如果我們將現(xiàn)代科技拿開，我們就會睡得更多。該題【解析】考查There be+n.結(jié)構(gòu)，該空作表語，因此應(yīng)該填名詞。且根據(jù)“There be+n.結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動詞和n.保持形式上的一致”原則，該空應(yīng)該填單數(shù)名詞expectation。6. the【解析】考查冠詞。句意：我們第一次證明這不是事實。truth經(jīng)常和定冠詞the連用，故該空填the。7. who【解析】考查定語從句。句意：大多數(shù)接受研究的人每晚睡眠時間不到7個小時，平均睡眠時間只有6小時25分鐘。_7_were studied是定語，修飾those，指人，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，當(dāng)先行詞為those時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用who。故填who。8. recommended【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這比西方社會經(jīng)常推薦的8小時要少得多。該空作定語，修飾the eight hours，the eight hours和recommend之間是被動關(guān)系，需用過去分詞作定語，故填recommended。9. with【解析】考查介詞。句意：盡管如此，與工業(yè)化社會的人相比，研究人員身體健康，肥胖率更低，血壓水平更好，心臟更健康。該空后面是三個名詞，且該空表示伴隨情況，故該空填介詞with。10. healthier【解析】考查比較級。句意：盡管如此，與工業(yè)化社會的人相比，研究人員身體健康，肥胖率更低，血壓水平更好，心臟更健康。該空修飾名詞hearts，應(yīng)用形容詞。且根據(jù)前文的lower，better可知，該空應(yīng)該填healthy的比較級，故填healthier。題組三體驗真題1.B 【解析】句意：關(guān)于人類為什么哭的時候會流淚，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個得到證明。此句為定語從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句用代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選B。2.C 【解析】句意：創(chuàng)造一種雇員感覺是其中一員的氛圍是一個大的挑戰(zhàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， employees feel part of a team is a big challenge是一個定語從句，先行詞是 atmosphere ，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，因此用關(guān)系副詞where或介詞+關(guān)系代詞which，表示在中用in，再結(jié)合選項可知答案為C。3.B 【解析】句意：他寫了許多兒童書籍，幾乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行詞是books，定語從句中of缺少賓語，故選B項。11