（天津專用）2019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 一 細節(jié)理解-事實細節(jié)題優(yōu)選習題

第二節(jié) 分類突破一、細節(jié)理解事實細節(jié)題(2018·6月天津，A)Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置) systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers(滅火器).They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area，you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手動的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety，never tamper with(胡亂擺弄) these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill，please do the following：·Take your room key and ID，close and lock the door to your room.·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift.·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector：·If your smoke detector is working properly，the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(閃動)，contact residence hall staff immediately.·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke，inform your hall staff.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要向大學生們介紹了火災預防的相關情況：火警、消防演練、滅火器以及煙霧探測器等。36.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A.To provide part-time jobs for students.B.To lead the students to the nearest exits.C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據Fire Prevention Information下的第二句“They inspect.and test and maintain all sprinkler.”可知，火災預防專家們的主要職責是檢測和維護火災預防設備。故選C。37.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A.Pipes and smoke detectors.B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C.Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的automatic fire alarm systems可定位到Fire Alarms下的“automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers”。故選B。38.In a fire drill，the students should .A.rush quickly to a liftB.gather at the nearest exitC.shut the door and leave at onceD.wait for instructions in the hall答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據Fire Drills下的第一條以及第二條可知，選項C符合題意。39.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A.Using them wrongly results in punishment.B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D.Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據Fire Extinguishers下的最后一句“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.(錯誤使用滅火器會導致罰款)”可知A項正確。40.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector，one should .A.contact the hall staff regularlyB.cover the things that burn easilyC.start the smoke detector in a fireD.make certain the red light is working答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。由Smoke Detectors下的第一條中的第一句“If your smoke detector is working properly，the red light should be on.”可知，選項D與之對應，故答案為D。一、題型解讀事實細節(jié)題常以應用文的形式出現在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動安排類、書籍電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設問方式是以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。二、解題技巧題干定位，尋找信息題干定位法是做事實細節(jié)題最基本的也是最常用的方法。事實細節(jié)題主要考查對某句話或某幾句話的理解，可根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子，然后進行比較和分析，便可以確定最佳答案?！邦}干定位法”分為三步：第一步：先通過題干信息來選擇定位詞。定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動詞和數詞等，即問題的核心信息。例如上面【真題感悟】中的第37題，題干中的定位詞為the automatic fire alarm systems。第二步：在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞，找出相關的句子。例如上面【真題感悟】中的第37題由定位詞the automatic fire alarm systems我們可以迅速瀏覽到Fire Alarms這一段中。第三步：分析這些句子和選項，得出正確答案。例如上面【真題感悟】中的第37題，分析句子和選項可知B項正確。(2018·紅橋區(qū)二模)4-Day Classic Beijing TourThe 4-day classic Beijing tour is designed for tourists who come to visit China for the first time.It covers the most popular and typical places in Beijing，fully displaying the scenery，culture，history，local lifestyles and features，food and drinks，business，etc.for you.Day 1：Arrival in BeijingYour guide meets you at Capital Airport，and helps you check in at your hotel.Enjoy Beijing Duck as welcome dinner.Accommodation：Beijing downtownDay 2：The Great Wall & the Summer PalaceStart your day at the most famous part of the Great Wall，the Badaling Great Wall.Leave the downtown for the Great Wall at 8 am.Since it is a long drive to the Great Wall (about 2 hours riding)，have a break at the Jade Museum on the way.Lunch will be enjoyed in a local restaurant.In the early afternoon come back to the city and have a sightseeing tour of the Summer Palace.Recommended Activity：Beijing Opera Show (Liyuan Theatre,19302110 every evening)Accommodation：Beijing downtownDay 3：Beijing city sightseeing & Local experienceYour guide meets you at the hotel at 8 am and sets out for the days touring：Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City.After visiting the two sites，have a break and get ready for lunch.Hutong visit：see some traditional arts of the old Beijing，such as paper cutting and kite making，and visit a local family.Accommodation：Beijing downtownDay 4：Beijing Olympic sitesVisit the Olympic sites：Birds Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park，witnessing the fast developing modern China.Enjoy some free time after visiting the sites.After lunch，it is shopping time and then the tour is over.1.This advertisement is aimed at .A.foreigners who are new to ChinaB.experts who study history and citiesC.kids who were born in other citiesD.people who are interested in touring答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第一句“The 4-day classic Beijing tour is designed for tourists who come to visit China for the first time.”可知，這四天的旅行是針對初次來中國的外國人的。故選A。2.If a tourist wants to enjoy Beijing Opera，he should .A.visit the Summer Palace on the first dayB.go sightseeing in Beijing HutongC.live and eat downtown in BeijingD.go to Liyuan Theatre in the evening答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據Day 2中的“Recommended Activity：Beijing Opera Show (Liyuan Theatre,19302110 every evening).”可知，如果想看京劇應該是在晚上去梨園劇院。3.On which day can tourists enjoy the citys traditional arts and local lifestyle?A.Day 4. B.Day 3.C.Day 2. D.Day 1.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據Day 3中提到“Hutong visit：see some traditional arts of the old Beijing，such as paper cutting and kite making，and visit a local family.”可知，在第三天游客能感受傳統(tǒng)文化和當地的生活方式。4.What does this tour company think can show Beijing is a fast developing modern city?A.Beijing Capital Airport.B.Birds Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park.C.Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City.D.The Great Wall & the Summer Palace.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據Day 4中的“Visit the Olympic sites：Birds Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park，witnessing the fast developing modern China.”可知，這家旅游公司認為，北京的鳥巢，水立方和奧林匹克公園顯示了北京是一個發(fā)展迅速的現代化城市。5.To make the advertisement work，what should be added?A.Age requirement.B.The hotels address.C.Contact information.D.The guides name.答案C解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，這個廣告沒有聯系方式，因此應該增加這方面的信息。故選C。B(2018·和平區(qū)一模)I am reading a novel at the moment，a story set in Britain and India in the 19th century.It was written by an Indian author who now lives in Denmark，but neither in the language of Hindi nor Danish.Although the paperback edition Im holding was published in New Delhi，India，four years ago，I (an American) purchased it recently from a second-hand bookshop in Tokyo，Japan.Thats quite a history already.But theres more.The novel is a tale of various mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story by a very skillful author.Yet my particular copy presents even more mysteries than the tale.One summer morning in the year of my paperbacks publicationon July 15,2012someone else was reading it while eating breakfast in a restaurant in Mumbai，India.I know this because I found a receipt of coffee and bread inside.I also know that this person was not the owner of the paperback immediately before me.In fact，the owner before me was not Indian at all，but Japanese.I know this because in the book there are handwritten notes in Japanesetranslations of English words with which the reader was unfamiliar.Japanese being a language of characters，not letters，it is not easy to determine if the note writer was a man or a woman.But the care taken to write the translations neatly in the limited spaces available on each page indicates a womans hand.So let us agree that it is a woman.What can we say of her？Well educated，clearly，and probably a university student，who would keep a dictionary at hand while reading a novel.But why did she suddenly stop reading？The last translation in my paperback appears on Page 83，less than a third of the way through the novel.Did she give up because the book was proved too difficult？Or was there some other reason?Many a novel presents mysteries，all of which are solved by the end of the tale.The mysteries presented by my little paperback，however，remain mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story，not by a skillful writer，but this time by the numberless vagaries(變幻莫測) of life itself.6.What can we learn about the novel?A.It is about a world trip.B.It is well written.C.It was written in an American restaurant.D.It was first published in the 19th century.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第一句“The novel is a tale of various mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story by a very skillful author.”這部小說講述了各種各樣的奧秘，一個嫻熟的作家巧妙地(將這些奧秘)組織成一個故事，可知這個小說寫得非常好。7.In which language is the novel written?A.Hindi. B.Danish.C.English. D.Japanese.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第五段“I know this because in the book there are handwritten notes in Japanese-translations of English words with which the reader was unfamiliar.”可知這本書上有日文的筆記，是對讀者不熟悉的英文單詞的翻譯，所以這本書應該是用英文寫的。8.The author assumes the Japanese owner of the book was a woman based on .A.the pretty handwritingB.the food written on the receiptC.the good condition of the bookD.the effort taken in writing the notes答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第四段第二句“But the care taken to write the translations neatly in the limited spaces available on each page indicates a womans hand.”可知，從寫筆記的細心，作者認為這本書的日本主人是一個女人。9.Which of the following can best describe the author?A.He is a great reader of historical fiction.B.He is a hard-working university student.C.He is a productive writer with sensibility.D.He is a careful observer with imagination.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段“So let us agree that it is a woman.What can we say of her？Well educated，clearly，and probably a university student，who would keep a dictionary at hand while reading a novel.”以及前文作者根據書中筆記推測書的日本主人是一位女士，可以看出作者是一個有想象力的認真的觀察者。10.Whats the best title for the text?A.The Tale of a PaperbackB.Different Life ExperiencesC.Unsolved Mysteries of LifeD.A Books Exciting Adventure答案A解析標題歸納題。通讀文章內容可知，文章講述了一本書在來到作者手里之前，經歷過別人的翻閱和做筆記，作者展開想象，推測了這本書之前的經歷。整篇文章圍繞著這本書進行，講述了關于這本書的故事或傳說。題型組合練(四).單項填空1.Sky Hunter successfully captures the bravery of PLA soldiers， does Wolf Warriors，but it met with box office failure.A.so B.which C.what D.as答案D解析句意為：空天獵成功地刻畫了解放軍的英勇，正如戰(zhàn)狼，但是空天獵票房慘敗。先行詞為“Sky Hunter successfully captures the bravery of PLA soldiers”，關系詞as“正如”在非限制性定語從句中作賓語。根據題意，故選D。2.Playing with their peers，children learn to and not do exactly what they want to do.A.compromise B.competeC.contribute D.construct答案A解析句意為：孩子們和同齡人玩耍，學會妥協(xié)，而不是完全做他們想做的事。compromise 妥協(xié)；compete 競爭；contribute貢獻；construct構成。根據句意，故選A。3.Come off it！Oversleeping is as lame an excuse as other.A.one B.each C.some D.any答案D解析句意為：別胡扯了，睡過頭像其他任何借口一樣蹩腳。one other另一個；each other互相，彼此；some other其他一些；any other任何其他。根據句意，故選D。4.World Food Day is held each year to underline the progress that against hunger and that still needs to be made.A.is made B.was madeC.has been made D.will be made答案C解析句意為：每年都慶祝世界糧食日來強調為消除饑餓已經取得的進展及還需要取得的。題目中暗含“已經取得的”，故使用現在完成時。根據句意，故選C。5.When the admission letter from Harvard University arrived，Bens parents were and threw a big party.A.in the red B.tickled pinkC.as white as a sheet D.in a blue mood答案B解析句意為：當哈佛大學的錄取通知書到達時，本的父母喜出望外，開了一個盛大的晚會。in the red負債；tickled pink喜出望外；as white as a sheet面色蒼白；in a blue mood心情不好。根據句意，故選B。6.In order to stand out among all the trainees，you need to sharpen your skills you feel strong and confident.A.that B.whereC.when D.what答案B解析句意為：為了在所有的學員中脫穎而出，你需要提高你的技能，那些你感覺強的、有自信的技能。設空處在定語從句中充當地點狀語，故用where來引導定語從句。7.Our football team had a lead in the match，but the last minute goal of the guest team .A.gave it away B.put it awayC.wiped it away D.carried it away答案C解析句意為：我們的足球隊在比賽中領先，但客隊最后一分鐘的進球把它抹掉了。give away暴露；put away放好，收起來；wipe away抹掉，擦掉；carry away帶走，拿走。根據句意，故選C。8.Instead of making choices for their children，liberal parents usually say，“Go where you .”A.will B.shouldC.can D.must答案A解析句意為：開明的父母通常會說：“去你想去的地方，”而不是為他們的孩子做選擇。will愿意；should應該；can能夠；must必須。根據句意，故選A。9.Membership of this club is open to those who are its aim.A.in salute to B.in honour ofC.in line with D.in sympathy with答案D解析句意為：這個俱樂部的會員對那些贊同其宗旨的人開放。in salute to向致意，贊揚；in honour of為紀念，為慶祝；in line with跟一致，符合；in sympathy with贊同，和一致。根據句意，故選D。10.Did you watch the final match of China Open yesterday?Sure.I it so attentively that I forgot to cook supper.A.watched B.had watchedC.was watching D.was to watch答案C解析句意為：昨天你看中國公開賽的決賽了嗎？當然。我全神貫注地看著，忘了做晚飯。根據“yesterday”可知發(fā)生在過去，根據“the final match of China Open”為過去具體的時間。在過去某個時間做某事使用過去進行時。故選C。.完形填空I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s.When it was her turn to pay，the cashier(收銀員) 11 her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down，shook her hand and said, “Not so good.My husband just lost his job and my 12 son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is，I dont know how Im going to 13 the holidays.” Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart 14 .I wanted to help but didnt know how.Should I offer to 15 her groceries or ask for her husbands situation? 16 I walked into the parking lot，I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse that I thought might help her.It wasnt a handful of cash or an 17 of a job for her husband，but maybe it would make her life 18 .My heart beat faster as I 19 the woman.“Excuse me，” I said，my voice trembling a bit.“I couldnt help overhearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like youre going through a really 20 time right now.Im so sorry，but Id like to give you something.”I took a small card out of my purse and 21 it to her.When the woman read the cards only two words，she began to cry.And through her 22 ，she said，“You have no idea how much this 23 to me.”I was a little 24 by her reply.Having never done anything like this before，I didnt know what kind of 25 I might receive.All I could think to respond was，“Oh! Would it be OK to give you a 26 ？”After we hugged 27 ，I walked back to my carand began to cry too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier，a colleague gave me a similar card as 28 for a project I was working on.When I read the card，I felt a 29 glow(喜悅) spread inside of me.Deeply touched，I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started 30 them.11.A.charged B.greetedC.recognized D.heard答案B解析根據asked her how she was doing可知，收銀員問她過得怎么樣，據此可以判斷，收銀員在和她打招呼(greet)。12.A.confident B.independentC.hopeless D.stubborn答案C解析confident自信的；independent獨立的；hopeless無望的，(感到)絕望的；stubborn固執(zhí)的。根據“my son is up to his old tricks again”可知，她的兒子故伎重演，據此可以判斷她認為她的兒子是無望的(hopeless)。13.A.think about B.give upC.go on D.get through答案D解析think about考慮；give up放棄；go on繼續(xù)；get through接通，度過。根據上文可知，她的丈夫剛失業(yè)，兒子故伎重演，她過得不好。據此可以判斷她不知道如何度過(get through)假期。14.A.ached B.failedC.beat D.paused答案A解析根據下文“I wanted to help but didnt know how”并結合第一段她對丈夫和兒子的描述可知，作者聽后感到心疼(ache)。15.A.send for B.provide forC.pay for D.beg for答案C解析send for派人請；provide for提供；pay for支付；beg for乞求。根據上文“When it was her turn to pay”并結合該句子her groceries可知，作者不知道是否應該幫她付款(pay for)。16.A.As B.ThoughC.Unless D.Since答案A解析當作者走進停車場時，作者看到她正在還購物車。17.A.excuse B.offerC.experience D.opinion答案B解析根據該句中“of a job for her husband”可知，這并不是給她丈夫提供的一份工作。18.A.harder B.wealthierC.simpler D.better答案D解析根據上文的“Not so good.”及“but maybe it would make her life”可知，作者的幫助也許會讓她的生活更好一些(better)。19.A.touched B.foundC.passed D.approached答案D解析根據語境可知，當作者靠近(approach)她時，作者的心跳加快。20.A.happy B.toughC.regular D.long答案B解析根據第一段可知，她的丈夫剛失業(yè)，兒子故伎重演，據此可知，她此刻過著艱難的(tough)生活。21.A.handed B.showedC.spread D.explained答案A解析根據語境可知，作者從錢包里取出一張小卡片并遞給(hand)她。22.A.thanks B.fearsC.tears D.beliefs答案C解析根據上文中的“she began to cry”可知，她含著眼淚(tear)和作者說話。23.A.brings B.meansC.values D.contains答案B解析根據語境可知，此處表示“你不知道這對我的意義有多大”。24.A.worried B.excitedC.moved D.shocked答案D解析根據下文中的“Having never done anything like this before”可知，作者以前從來沒有做過這樣的事情，所以對她的反應有點震驚。25.A.reaction B.feelingC.expression D.answer答案A解析由上下文語境可知，由于以前從來沒有做過這樣事情，所以作者不知道會收到什么樣的反應(reaction)。26.A.present B.promiseC.hug D.ride答案C解析根據下文中的“After we hugged”可知，此處表示“我給你一個擁抱(hug)好嗎”。27.A.wildly B.tightlyC.anxiously D.eagerly答案B解析wildly狂野地；tightly緊緊地；anxiously焦急地；eagerly急切地。根據語境可知，在緊緊擁抱之后，作者回到了自己的車上，也開始哭。28.A.progress B.effortC.encouragement D.praise答案C解析根據該句中的“for a project I was working on”并結合下文的“I felt a glow(喜悅) spread inside of me.”可知，同事給作者這張卡片是為了鼓勵作者工作。29.A.warm B.richC.soft D.fierce答案A解析根據語境可知，作者感到一種溫暖的喜悅在自己身上傳播。30.A.gathering B.enjoyingC.preparing D.sharing答案D解析根據語境可知，作者深受感動，回到家中開始制作自己的寫著“You Matter”的卡片并分享給別人。.閱讀理解(2018·天津十二區(qū)縣一模)Id planned to spend my weekend in the sun，potting flowers outdoors.But that was before the pair of crows.Out of nowhere，they had set up their base camp in our backyard.We first discovered our feathered enemies on Friday morning.It was early，and the sound the birds made travelled through our neighborhood.I figured theyd go away soon.But，no.They were getting louder and probably annoying my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise.I admitted I got a little desperate.Then，on Sunday afternoon，I looked out the kitchen window to see our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground.I went to explore and found a small coal-black bird in the grass.Its eyes were milky，and it stayed perfectly still as my dog inched towards it.Only when Quatchi touched his nose to its head did it walk away.I grabbed the dog and locked him inside and came back with my camera.It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground，growing and gaining strength as its parents guarded it from above.The second I saw this little creature I forgave the crows.To be honest，Ive never been much of a bird person.I also have a healthy respect for birds，and by healthy I mean slightly fear-based.Theyre basically living dinosaurs.I wish theyd chosen another backyard.There are only so many sunny days in Seattle，and I still cant do any gardening out there.But Im also grateful that I got to see this little bit of na