（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 三 細(xì)節(jié)理解-數(shù)字計(jì)算題優(yōu)選習(xí)題

三、細(xì)節(jié)理解數(shù)字計(jì)算題(2018·全國(guó)，A)Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6.Approximate travel times：Windermere20 minutes，Kendal25 minutes，Lancaster45 minutes，Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail：The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth，Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSundayFriday (closed on Saturday)1100 am400 pm,30th March2nd November.Admission Charges Hall & GardensGardensAdults： 12.008.00Groups: 9.00 5.50Special EventsProducers Market13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，題材是旅游廣告。文章介紹了游覽霍爾克莊園的游客須知和四項(xiàng)特別的活動(dòng)。21.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的How to Get to Holker部分中“By Car：.Approximate travel times：.Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.”可知，游客從Manchester開車到Holker大約用一個(gè)半小時(shí)，也就是90分鐘。故選D。22.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A.12.00. B.9.00.C.8.00. D.5.50.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的Admission Charges部分中Hall & Gardens一列與Groups一行的交叉處可知，旅游團(tuán)的一個(gè)成員游覽Hall & Gardens所需要的費(fèi)用為9.00。故選B。23.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A.Producers Market.B.Holker Garden Festival.C.National Garden Day.D.Winter Market.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的Winter Market部分中的第二句“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.(流連于形形色色的禮品商店間，同時(shí)欣賞著現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的音樂演出和好看的街頭娛樂活動(dòng))”可知，如果想看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的音樂演出，你就去Winter Market。故選D。一、題型解讀1.數(shù)字計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。一般來說，從數(shù)學(xué)的角度講，計(jì)算量都比較小，計(jì)算容易。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算必須要找出計(jì)算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會(huì)涉及對(duì)某個(gè)難句的理解，從這個(gè)角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。2.數(shù)字計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)理解題的話題有：(1)廣告類；(2)故事類；(3)科普知識(shí)類；(4)史地自然類；(5)文化教育類。設(shè)問方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑問詞開頭引出問題。二、解題技巧“加減乘除”得數(shù)據(jù)1.閱讀題干，查看題干中的關(guān)鍵詞尋讀原文，同時(shí)標(biāo)記數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等相關(guān)信息。2.弄清題干詢問數(shù)據(jù)與原文數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯關(guān)系，并進(jìn)行加減乘除計(jì)算。3.特殊信息應(yīng)注意：(1)特殊數(shù)字：decade十年；fortnight兩周；double兩倍；couple兩個(gè)；score二十；dozen十二。(2)特殊詞匯：off削價(jià)，減價(jià)；discount折扣。例如：【真題感悟】中第21題閱讀題干，根據(jù)第一段How to Get to Holker中By car里Approximate travel times后面的內(nèi)容可知，從Manchester到Holker要用1 hour 30 minutes，即一個(gè)半小時(shí)，也就是90分鐘，故選D。ACollege isnt for everyone.Earning a degree will improve the income potential，but high tuition is a deterrent for some.Some cant afford it.Others choose not to continue their schooling for other reasons.But they can still find a good job without a college degree.Manufacturing Sales RepresentativesAverage salary：52,440Current workforce：1,430,000Projected job growth,20102020：16%Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives who specialize in non-technical products make more than 27% of full-time workers.Unlike those salespeople，wholesale representatives market their products directly to businesses and government agencies.The pay is good，the opportunities are numerous and，for most employees，a High School diploma is enough to get a job.Dry Wall WorkersAverage salary：45,490Current workforce：22,900Projected job growth,20102020：27%No High School diploma？No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school.Dry wall workers work in the construction industry，preparing walls for painting after masons build them up.Most learn from more experienced workers during working.ElectriciansAverage salary：48,250Current workforce：577,700Projected job growth,20102020：23%The world is more mechanized than ever before，and more machines mean more work for these skilled workers，who will see nearly 134,000 new jobs added by 2020.A typical electrician makes more than 48,000 per year with a high school degree.Major cities promise the most jobs.Commercial PilotsAverage salary：67,500Current workforce：32,700Projected job growth,20102020：28%An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker and 13,000 more than an average college-educated worker.It requires only a commercial pilots license and training at a local flight school.Times are changingmany airlines now look for pilots with two-year or four-year degreesbut prospects for salary and growth remain strong.語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。大學(xué)并不適合所有人。文章介紹了四種沒有大學(xué)文憑照樣可以做的好工作。1.Whats the meaning of the underlined word “deterrent” in Paragraph 1?A.Prevention. B.Threat.C.Difficulty. D.Fear.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的后一句“Some cant afford it.”可以推測(cè)出，高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)對(duì)于一些人來說是一個(gè)阻礙。由此可推知，deterrent與prevention意思相近。2.Without a High School diploma，you can find a job as a(n) .A.manufacturing sales representativeB.dry wall workerC.electricianD.commercial pilot答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Dry Wall Workers這一節(jié)中的“No High School diploma？No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school.”可知，答案為B項(xiàng)。3.The average salary for a typical full-time worker is .A.52,440 B.45,490C.67,500 D.41,500答案D解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)Commercial Pilots這一節(jié)中的“Average salary：67,500”和“An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker”可知，一個(gè)全職工人的平均工資一般為：67,50026,00041,500，故答案為D項(xiàng)。4.Which of the following is TRUE about the commercial pilots?A.The average salary of commercial pilots is the lowest of the mentioned jobs.B.Commercial pilots earn more than college-educated workers.C.You need to receive training at an international flight school to be a commercial pilot.D.Our society will need more commercial pilots in the future.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“but prospects for salary and growth remain strong”可知，商業(yè)飛行員的就業(yè)前景很好，故答案為D項(xiàng)。5.From the text，we can infer that .A.having a college degree can guarantee a good jobB.its not necessary to get a college degreeC.electricians will find jobs in big cities easilyD.many people dont continue their schooling for only one reason答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)Electricians這一節(jié)中的“Major cities promise the most jobs.”可以推測(cè)出答案。B(2018·天津十二區(qū)縣二模)Tears of relief and shouts of joy rang out at the San Jose Mine in northern Chile when 33 miners were lifted to freedom，one by one.The men，ranging from 19 to 63 years old，have been buried alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed on August 5,2010.It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being trapped underground.After the collapse，the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mines tunnels.The temperature in the dark shelter was around 90 degrees Fahrenheit.For more than two weeks，the miners water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours.The miners were totally isolated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22.They sent a note to the surface explaining their situation.Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cave and sent down supply tubes containing food，water，clothes，medicine，fresh air and other supplies.They also received letters from their families，a television set and games.Additional collapses slowed down rescue efforts.Finally，a tunnel was built that could fit a 13-foot rescue capsule(救生艙)，called the Pheonix.The escape hole measures 28 inches across，a tight fit for the twisting 20 minutes,2,041-foot ride.The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.The rescue mission was faster than expected，and all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.The miners were met by family members who were waiting at Camp Hope，a settlement of tents near the mine.Chiles president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.“We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it，” he said.After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.6.How long were the rescued miners trapped in the mine?A.About 48 hours.B.About two weeks.C.One month and a half.D.More than two months.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed(倒塌) on August 5,2010”和倒數(shù)第二段第四、五句“The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.”可知，所有被營(yíng)救出來的礦工已被困了兩個(gè)多月。7.Which of the following doesnt belong to the rescue work?A.The water from the tanks.B.Small holes drilled to reach the cave.C.A tunnel built to fix a rescue capsule.D.Letters，games and a TV set from the surface.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“For more than two weeks，the miners water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.”可知，礦工們起初兩個(gè)多星期飲用的水是作業(yè)車輛水箱中原先就有的，不屬于救援工作。故選A。8.What can we learn from the text?A.All miners reached the surface just after midnight on October 13.B.The loss of the mine collapse.C.The health condition of the trapped miners.D.The concern of Chiles president about the mine collapse.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Chiles president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it， he said.”可知，智利總統(tǒng)對(duì)礦難非常關(guān)切。故選D。9.According to the text，the rescued miners .A.received medical examination in a hospital at firstB.could go home immediately they got out of the mineC.had to stay in a hospital for two days before going homeD.felt relieved to see their family members taken good care of答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句“After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.”可知礦工獲救后被送往最近的醫(yī)院進(jìn)行為期兩天的觀察。故選C。10.The best title for the text should be .A.Disaster at the MineB.A Miracle at the MineC.Efforts of Great ChileansD.Miserable Life of Chilean Miners答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要描述了在營(yíng)救者不懈的努力以及礦工們的頑強(qiáng)毅力下，智利礦難的營(yíng)救工作取得了圓滿成功，33名礦工在困于礦井兩個(gè)多月后終于獲救，這可以說是一個(gè)生命的奇跡。題型組合練(六).單項(xiàng)填空1.Some people use hand-written letters typing because theyre more personal and represent your sincerity.A.in preference to B.in process ofC.in reference with D.in search of答案A解析句意為：一些人優(yōu)先用手寫書信而不是通過打字，因?yàn)檫@樣更私人，也代表你的真誠。in preference to優(yōu)先于；in process of在過程中；in reference with參照；in search of搜查，尋找。2.As things didnt work out the way we ，we found ourselves trying to force them and struggling to finish them.A.plan B.are planningC.had planned D.will be planning答案C解析句意為：當(dāng)事情不像我們之前所計(jì)劃的那樣發(fā)展時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在試圖強(qiáng)迫他們并奮力完成它們。根據(jù)前句didnt，后句found可知，該句應(yīng)使用過去時(shí)態(tài)；因事情的發(fā)展和結(jié)果發(fā)生在計(jì)劃之后，這里要用plan的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)had planned與前面的一般過去時(shí)形成對(duì)比，以體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的先后，即“當(dāng)事情不像我們之前所計(jì)劃的那樣時(shí)”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。3.Linda realized she was in the wrong and promised to a new leaf.A.take over B.turn overC.get over D.go over答案B解析句意為：琳達(dá)意識(shí)到自己錯(cuò)了，并承諾改過自新。take over接管；turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)，打翻，turn over a new leaf固定短語，意為“改過自新，重新開始”；get over克服；go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查。故B項(xiàng)正確。4.It was not just the size of the party last night made it unique，but it meant to our company.A.what；that B.that；whatC.what；what D.that；that答案B解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，故第一個(gè)空用that；第二個(gè)空用what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。5.Though a farmer，Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer，whose story is really of great inspiration.A.everything B.nothingC.the one D.one答案D解析句意為：盡管出身農(nóng)民，朱之文已經(jīng)成為一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。這里用one指代前面的story，相當(dāng)于a story of great inspiration；everything一切事物；nothing無事物；the one那個(gè)，均不符合句意，故D項(xiàng)正確。6.It was the natural disaster，rather than human errors，that for the death of so many innocent people.A.are blamed B.was to blameC.was blamed D.were to blame答案B解析句意為：是自然災(zāi)害，而不是人為錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)對(duì)這么多無辜人的死亡負(fù)責(zé)。表示“應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)”時(shí)，用be to blame for.為固定短語，因此排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；這里強(qiáng)調(diào)主語the natural disaster，rather than human errors，是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than前面的主語保持一致， 即與the natural disaster保持一致，因此用was to blame，故B項(xiàng)正確。7.Can you do me a favour，Mr Smith？My car start.No problem.You can count on it.A.wont B.mustntC.neednt D.shouldnt答案A解析句意為：史密斯先生，你能幫我一個(gè)忙嗎？我的車發(fā)動(dòng)不起來了。沒問題。你盡管放心。mustnt 意為“禁止”，neednt意為“不需要”，shouldnt意為“不應(yīng)該”，will作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示習(xí)慣或傾向性，其否定式wont是對(duì)此刻和未來情況的一種否定，結(jié)合句意，A項(xiàng)正確。8. you consider that the airline handled 80 million passengers last year，the accident figures are really very small.A.Unless B.WhenC.Before D.Though答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)你考慮到這家航空公司去年接待了8 000萬名乘客的時(shí)候，這個(gè)事故數(shù)量其實(shí)是非常小的。unless除非；before在以前；though盡管，與題意不符；when當(dāng)時(shí)，符合句意。9.That Americans have no history while Chinese have no future sounds ；it has raised a thought-provoking question，though.A.artificial B.arbitraryC.allergic D.reluctant答案B解析句意為：“美國(guó)沒有歷史、中國(guó)沒有未來”聽起來隨意，不過，它引發(fā)了一個(gè)發(fā)人深思的問題。artificial人造的，假的；arbitrary武斷的，隨意的；allergic過敏的；reluctant勉強(qiáng)的，不情愿的。結(jié)合句意，B項(xiàng)正確。10.Mummy，look at my gloves.I need a new pair. .I bought them for you only a week ago!A.You bet B.You said itC.You dont say D.You name it答案C解析句意為：媽媽，看我的手套。我需要一副新的。是真的嗎？我才剛給你買一個(gè)星期??！You bet當(dāng)然，一定；You said it你說得對(duì)；Yon dont say表示驚訝，對(duì)對(duì)方描述情況表示質(zhì)疑，意為“是真的嗎，真想不到，不見得吧”；You name it只要你能想到的。因此C項(xiàng)正確。.閱讀理解(2018·天津十二區(qū)縣一模)Electric cars are dirty.In fact，not only are they dirty，they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(排放) vehicles”，but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.Power plants mostly use fire to make it.Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells，we get our electricity from generators(發(fā)電機(jī)).Generators are fueled by somethingusually coal，oil，but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants.There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地?zé)? plants as well，but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words，those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars.Its just because the coal is burned somewhere else，it looks clean.It is not.Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“If I cant see it，its not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle；a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it.But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy，mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator，through the transmission lines，etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as farso electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal，or hydro or wind or solar，then an electric car truly would be clean.But for political，technical，and economic reasons，we dont use much of those energy sources.In addition，electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill.And finally，when cars are the polluters，the pollution is spread across all the roads.When its a power plant，though，all the junk is in one place.Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated，but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.11.What does the underlined part “clueless” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.People see the California Greens everywhere.B.People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal，oil，etc.C.People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.D.People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles.答案B解析句意理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“People in California love to talk about zero-emissions(排放) vehicles，but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.”可知，加利福尼亞的人喜歡談?wù)摗傲闩欧拧钡钠嚕撬麄兯坪鯇?duì)電的來源不清楚。12.What is the main idea of the text?A.Electric cars are not clean at all.B.Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.C.People cast doubts on electric cars batteries.D.Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，電動(dòng)車一點(diǎn)也不環(huán)保。13.The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run .A.not less than 25 milesB.as far as 50 milesC.as far as 25 milesD.not more than 25 miles答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far.”可知，一加侖汽油中得到的電力會(huì)讓你的車行駛不超過25英里。14.According to the text，electric cars .A.are more environmentally friendlyB.burn more fuel than gasoline-powered onesC.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated D.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill 答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as farso electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.”可知，電動(dòng)汽車燃燒的燃料比以汽油為動(dòng)力的汽車燃燒的燃料多。15.It can be inferred from the text that .A.being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationB.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousinsC.zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment D.electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知電動(dòng)車所需要的電主要是通過燃燒煤炭等自然資源獲得的，所以電動(dòng)車并不如人們所認(rèn)為的那樣清潔無污染。.閱讀表達(dá)Twenty-five years ago，most young Britons wanted a career in law，to be a doctor，or，if they were creatively minded，to take up singing.But today，things stand differently.According to a survey by Tesco Mobile，a UK telecoms company，the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger，or “vlogger”.The survey，carried out among 1,002 people，found that as much as 40 percent of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers.The factors contributing to this change is undoubtedly the Internet and，as everyone will admit，social media，which have made it so much easier to reach a global audience，without having to enter a career in show business the traditional way.“In years gone by，the biggest stars were groomed and trained by the Hollywood studios；now，anyone with a computer camera can become an icon，” a Tesco Mobile spokesperson said in a news release.“From fashion to comedy，these self-made stars document and broadcast their hobbies to an adoring fan-base(粉絲團(tuán)).Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting with their fans about everyday life.”“Generations of today have so many more options and opportunities than older age groups and the Internet and development of technology have aided that growth，” Phil Samuels，spokesperson for UK tech retailer Currys，told the Mirror.However，what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact that only those who are successful gain fame and fortune.For every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block.There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that are destined to remain dreams.This is why despite the popularity of vloggers，some young people chose to follow careers that dont necessarily earn them fame，but allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies.Young Israeli David Leshaw，for example，runs a business called the Finishers Club.Its an online platform for runners to keep a record of their races.He told the career website Zippia that his job allows him to express his passion，and is always a learning experience.And thats enough for him.16.According to the survey，what is the most appealing job for British young