2019版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第2板塊 專題4 語法填空 第1節(jié) 兩年真題再做學(xué)案（含解析）

第1節(jié) 兩年真題再做A篇(2018·全國卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years 1. (long)than non­runners.You don't have to run fast or for long 2. (see)the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die)early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it 4. (be)more effective at lengthening life 5. walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. (cause)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.it's probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 8. (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always 9. (energy)If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 10. a try.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了跑步帶來的多種益處。一本醫(yī)學(xué)雜志上的評論及研究表明，跑步不僅使人長壽，而且可以降低死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。1longer考查副詞的比較級。句中有than，故用long的比較級longer。2to see考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句有謂語，因此此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式to see作目的狀語。3dying考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。短語reduce one's risk of.“降低某人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，此處介詞of后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。有許多學(xué)生錯(cuò)填成death，是因?yàn)闆]注意后有early，此處early是副詞，要修飾動(dòng)詞，而不能修飾名詞。4is考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本文介紹了跑步的好處，通篇以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。本句中賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且賓語從句中的主語為it，故用is。5than考查介詞。根據(jù)句中的more可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞than引出比較對象。此處表示跑步比散步、騎行或游泳更能有效地延長壽命。故填than。6that/which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為a study，且定語從句中缺少主語，故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。7causes考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處cause是可數(shù)名詞，意為“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填causes。8strengthen考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故本空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞strengthen，意為“增強(qiáng)，加強(qiáng)”。9energetic考查形容詞。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，兩個(gè)分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均為形容詞，故此處應(yīng)用形容詞energetic作表語，意為“需要能量的，劇烈的”。10it/running考查固定搭配。give it a try為固定搭配，意為“試一試”，根據(jù)語境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。注：填it為最佳答案，因?yàn)樘顁unning時(shí)需要文中給出提示詞(run)。B篇(2018·全國卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country 11. (grow)more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 12. past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 13. (actual)behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 14. (improve)water quality.Corn uses less water 15. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)runoff.This switch has decreased 16. (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total 17. (globe)fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 18. (start)a soil­testing program 19. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission (排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China's approach to protecting its environment while 20. (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the bank's Juergen Voegele.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中國近年來根據(jù)人們膳食的變化調(diào)整農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)。11has grown考查時(shí)態(tài)。由句中的時(shí)間狀語Since 2011可知，此空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。12the考查冠詞。此處是特指，故用定冠詞the。over the past 25 years表示“在過去的25年里”。13actually考查副詞。這里需填副詞來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞is。14to improve考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。不定式to improve water quality作目的狀語。15than考查介詞。由空前的less可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞than，表示“比”。16pollution考查名詞。此處應(yīng)填pollute的名詞形式pollution作賓語。17global考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填globe的形容詞形式global作定語。18started 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處敘述發(fā)生在過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填started。19that/which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，“a soil­testing program”是先行詞，指物，且定語從句中缺主語，所以應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞that或which。20feeding考查現(xiàn)在分詞。“while feeding its citizens”是時(shí)間狀語從句“while it is feeding its citizens”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。又可理解為此處的feed(養(yǎng)活)與主語China為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。C篇(2017·全國卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界) 21. a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side 22. (effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 23. (process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 24. (remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 25. result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 26. (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 27. (be)full of fat and salt；by 28. (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點(diǎn)心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 29. (care)not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，30. is not good for the health.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了飲食低脂、低鹽的利弊以及對人體健康的影響。21as考查介詞。此處指作為抵抗心臟病的一種方法，所以用介詞as。22effects考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的兩個(gè)例子overweight and heart disease可知名詞effect用復(fù)數(shù)形式effects。23to process考查非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此處用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填動(dòng)詞不定式to process作主語補(bǔ)足語。24are removed考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由于主語fat and salt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)are removed。25a考查固定搭配中的冠詞。as a result結(jié)果，是固定搭配。26worse考查副詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用比較級形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。27is考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)行文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子的主語fast food(快餐)是不可數(shù)名詞短語，故填be的第三人稱單數(shù)形式is。28eating考查非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)名詞。表示方式的介詞by之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。29careful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。be之后接形容詞作表語，care的形容詞形式是careful。30which考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語，且指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，故填關(guān)系代詞which。D篇(2017·全國卷)She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh­faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A­level course.But unlike her school friends,16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term 31. (rest)Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as 32. model in New York.Sarah 33. (tell)that she could be Britain's new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her to give up school to model full time.But Sarah, 34. has taken part in shows along with top models，wants 35. (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 36. (educate)She has turned down several 37. (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree 38. engineering or architecture.Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school 39. (come)first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is 40. (certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。16歲的薩拉作為一名模特兒表現(xiàn)出色，她父親想讓她放棄學(xué)業(yè)專心從事模特兒行業(yè)，但薩拉認(rèn)為學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)先，不想在模特兒行業(yè)投入太多精力。31resting考查固定搭配。spend time(in)doing sth.為固定搭配，句意為“薩拉沒有花半學(xué)期的時(shí)間來休息”。32a考查冠詞。句意：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特兒每天收入6 500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。33has been told/was told考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國新的超模兒，可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。34who考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語，且指人，故用who。35to prove考查固定搭配。want to do sth.想要做某事，為固定搭配。36education考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化之動(dòng)詞變名詞。形容詞性物主代詞her應(yīng)該用來修飾名詞，educate的名詞形式是education。37invitations考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。several幾個(gè)，其后的可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。38in考查介詞。關(guān)于某個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)位要用介詞in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位。39comes考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處為陳述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。40certainly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變副詞。此處應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾形容詞fun，certain的副詞形式為certainly。5