2018秋高中英語 Unit 1 Great scientists同步練習 新人教版必修5

Unit 1 Great scientists話題誦讀 日積月累導語霍亂是霍亂弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性腸道傳染病，具有發(fā)病急、傳播快、波及面廣的特點，是當今三種國際檢疫傳染病中的一種。CholeraCholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin(腸毒素)that causes painless，watery diarrhea(腹瀉) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脫水)and death if treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do not become ill，although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 714 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90% of cases are not severe and are difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore，the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical attention at once.In a word，to avoid cholera，we should develop a good habit.We should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.詞海拾貝1bacteriumn細菌2coastal adj.臨海的；沿海的3fluid n液體adj.液體的4mixture n混合；混雜5seek vt.尋找，探尋；追求問題思考True(T) or False(F)：1Drinking much water with sugar and salt is useless in the treatment of cholera.()2In order to avoid cholera，we'd better eat cooked shellfish.()答案：1.F2.T自主預習 步步提高詞匯識記.為單詞選擇正確的釋義1suspectA向挑戰(zhàn)2challenge B宣布；通告3conclude C責備；譴責4blame D認為；懷疑5announce E結束；推斷出6expose F暴露；揭露；使曝光7contribute G小心的；謹慎的8cautious H捐獻；貢獻答案：1.D2.A3.E4.C5.B6.F7.H8.G.根據(jù)所給漢語提示寫出單詞1_n特征；特性2_vt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫 (n.)失敗3_n治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治療4_vt.吸收；吸引；使專心5_vt.預見；預知答案：1.characteristic2.defeat3.cure4.absorb5.foresee.根據(jù)英語釋義寫出單詞1_：to be present at an event2_：to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof3_：to make a connection between two or more things or people4_：to make something dirty5_：the part of sth used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control答案：1.attend2.suspect3.link4.pollute5.handle.選用短語的適當形式填空put forward；link.to；expose.to；suspect.of；apart from；lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in；make sense；be strict with1We had no desire to _ our plan.2We must _ this shameful activity _ the newspaper.3The students sat in the classroom and _ reading English.4We consider that you _ for the accident.5They _ from the fact at last.6People often _ lung cancer _ smoking.7“You've often made the same mistakes.I will _ you from now on，”the teacher said to Tom.8_ the cost，the dress doesn't suit me.9What he has said doesn't _I can't understand it.10The use of information technology could _ major progress for developing nations.答案：1.put forward2.exposeto3.were absorbed in4.are to blame5.drew a conclusion6.linkto7.be strict with8.Apart from9.make sense10.lead to.領會句子所用的句型并譯成漢語1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician._2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood._3So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak._4A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day._答案：1.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確醫(yī)術精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。2人們既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治療方法。3每次爆發(fā)霍亂時就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。4有一位婦女是從寬街搬來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家里來。語篇理解課文表層理解.判斷正(T)誤(F)1John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its cause was found.()2The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals.()3John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera.()4The people who had been given free beer and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by the disease.()答案：1.T2.F3.F4.T.根據(jù)課文內容回答問題1Why couldn't the cholera be under control at first?_2When the cause was found，what did the people do?_3What's the extra evidence?_答案：1.Because neither its cause nor its cure was found.2They removed the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.3In another part of London，two other deaths were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.根據(jù)對文章的理解，將下面表格補充完整(每空一詞)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”About cholera·It was a 1._ disease of its day.·People didn't know its cause or its 2._.·Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak.Two theories·Cholera spread in a cloud of dangerous gas.·Cholera was 3._ into people's bodies with their meals.The course of finding evidence·As the disease spread quickly through poor 4._ of London，John Snow began to gather information.·He found the outbreak was very 5._ in two particular streets.·After further investigations he discovered it seemed that the water was to 6._.·When people didn't use the 7._ water，the disease slowed down，which showed that cholera was really spread by germs.8._ to prevent cholera from happening·John Snow suggested that the 9._ of all the water supplies be examined.·The water companies were 10._ not to expose people to polluted water any more.答案：1.deadly2.cure3.absorbed4.neighbourhoods5.severe/serious6.blame7.polluted8.Measures/Steps9.source10.instructed課文深層理解.根據(jù)課文內容匹配段落及其大意1Para. 1AOffer solutions2Para. 2 BWhat caused cholera3Para. 3 CProvide two control theories4Para. 4 DCollect information5Para. 5 ECollect results6Para. 6 FAnalyze the result7Para. 7 GFind supporting evidence答案：1.B2.C3.D4.E5.F6.G7.A.仔細閱讀課文，選擇最佳選項1The passage mainly tells us that _Athe cause of cholera was polluted waterBJohn Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonCthe source of all drinking water should be examinedDJohn Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”2What was the key to John Snow's discovery?AThe government.BThe woman who had moved away from Broad Street.CThe water company.DThe map made by himself.3At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by _Ausing medicines in hospitalBdriving patients out of the countryCdealing with the polluted waterDgetting rid of all kinds of pollution4What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?ACholera multiplied in the water.BPolluted water carried the virus.CA cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.DCholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.答案：1.D2.D3.C4.B.根據(jù)課文內容回答下列問題1Was John Snow a devoted doctor? How do you know that? (Para.1)_2When did thousands of people die? (Para.1)_3What did John Snow do when the serious cholera broke out? (Para.1)_4What was the difference between the first theory and the second theory? (Para.2)_5How do you know that the outbreak was severe? (Para.3)_6What gave John Snow a valuable clue about the cause of the disease? (Para.4)_7Why did John Snow have the handle of the pump removed? (Para.5)_8How was cholera spread? (Para.5)_9Why did the woman have the water delivered to her house? (Para.6)_10What was John Snow's suggestion? (Para.7)_答案：1.Yes，he was.When many people were affected and died，John Snow decided to face the challenge and solve the problem.2Thousands of people died when another outbreak of cholera hit the city.3John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem/ John Snow decided to face the challenge bravely and defeat the deadly disease/ John Snow made up his mind to bring the disease under control.4The first theory suggested that cholera multiplied in the air and was absorbed through people's noses，while the second theory suggested cholera was absorbed into people's bodies with their meals./ The first theory suggested that cholera affected people by going into people's bodies through their noses，while the second theory suggested cholera affected people by going into people's bodies through their mouths.5More than 500 people died in ten days.6John Snow marked on a map where all the dead people had lived，which gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.7He had the handle removed so that they could not pump the water and so they would not drink the polluted water.8Cholera was spread by germs instead of a cloud of gas.9Because she liked the water from the pump very much.10His suggestion was that the source of all water supplied should be examined and people should not be exposed to polluted water any more.知識聚焦 講練互動要點直擊1put forward提出(意見、建議、觀點等)；提前；把(時鐘)往前撥；推薦，提名(教材原句P1)Who put forward a theory about black holes?誰提出了關于黑洞的理論？ 歸納拓展搭配鏈接put down放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；寫下put away收拾好；儲存put.in force使生效put.into practice實施，實行put off延期put on穿上；上演；假裝put out撲滅，使熄滅；生產put up舉起；搭建；張貼；留住宿put up with容忍put aside把撇開不理，不考慮 即學即練用put短語完成句子。John Snow _ a suggestion that people not be exposed to polluted water.Our sports meeting has been _ till next month because of the bad weather.They _ a notice there，saying，“Keep off the grass.”The fire was _ finally with the help of the firefighters.How can you _ such a rude person for so long a time?We've _ by one week.我們已把婚禮提前了一周。Remember to _ tonight.記住今晚把時鐘指針往前撥。Can I _ as our club secretary?我能推薦/提名你擔任我們俱樂部的秘書嗎？答案：put forwardput offput upput output up withput the wedding forwardput your clock forwardput you forward2conclusion n結論；結束(教材原句P1)Draw a conclusion得出結論 歸納拓展搭配conclude vt.推斷，結束 vi.決定，推斷，斷定Those are the facts，what do you conclude from them?這些都是事實，你能從中得出什么結論？ 即學即練完成句子。The expert _ that there were many people infected with cholera.這位專家斷定許多人得了霍亂。Without supporting evidence，we can't _沒有強有力的證據(jù)，我們不能下結論。The meeting was expected to _ on Monday.會議預計在星期一結束。答案：came to the conclusionmake a conclusionconclude3defeat vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n失敗(教材原句P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”defeat vt.打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫nU，C失敗(1)Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.雖然生活中有許多困難，但她從不讓困難打敗自己。(2)Know the enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。 易混辨析defeat/beat，win(戰(zhàn)勝)詞語辨析defeat/beat后只接人(賓語可以是team，nation，opponent等)win后只接事或物，因為win的賓語不是競爭對手，而是比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎品等(賓語是game，war，prize等)Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set，while I won two sets.昨天我和約翰下棋贏了他。他只贏了一盤，而我贏了兩盤。 即學即練完成句子。_，the Olympics are a platform for personal and national glory.不論是勝利還是失敗，奧林匹克就是實現(xiàn)個人和國家榮譽的舞臺。Do you still remember _？你還記得那兩次失敗嗎？The problem _！這道題把我難住了！答案：In victory and defeatthe two defeatsdefeats me4attend vt.照顧；護理；注意；出席；參加(教材原句P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確醫(yī)術精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。 歸納拓展(1)v.照顧；護理；專心；注意搭配There was no one to attend him but Tina.除了蒂娜，再無人照顧他了。Attend to your study and stop talking.專心學習，不要說話。(2)vt.出席；參加搭配：attend a meeting/a lecture/school參加會議/聽講座/上學He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他沒有參加會議。注意：作“照顧；護理”講時，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席；參加”講時，attend多作及物動詞。助記多義：attendat-(ad-，向)tend(伸)原義“伸向”：心向著某人或某事為“注意；照顧”；腳步向著某一地方為“出席；參加”。搭配attend to處理(生意或個人事務)；接待(顧客) 易混辨析join/attend/join in/take part in詞語辨析join指加入某個組織或團體，如軍隊、團隊、政黨等attend指參加會議或儀式，如參加婚禮、葬禮、典禮，或上課、上學、聽報告等join in側重指與某人一起做某事，有join sb in sth和join in sth兩種結構take part in指參加有組織的活動等，并起重要作用(1)I decided to join the army.我決定參軍。(2)I attended the meeting，but didn't join in/take part in the discussion.我出席了會議，但沒有參加討論。 即學即練選詞填空：attend/join/take part in/join in。My father was Compelled to_ a revolutionary organization in 1938.We'll _ social activities during the summer vacation.He will _ an important meeting tomorrow.Why didn't you _ the talk?完成句子。Will you _ for a while while I'm away?我要出去一會兒，你能不能幫我照看一下店鋪？He told me that he had an important party _ that night.他告訴我那天晚上他有個重要宴會要參加。答案：jointake part inattendjoin inattend to my shopto attend5expose vt.暴露；顯露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受(危險等)；使接觸到(教材原句P2)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但當他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，就感到很受鼓舞。 歸納拓展搭配Don't expose babies to strong sunlight.不要讓嬰兒受到強烈陽光的照射。 即學即練用expose的適當形式填空或完成句子。She has the courage _ herself to danger.The student _ to English for about six years.It is unwise _ by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you.演奏對自己來說太難的樂曲而使自己難堪是不明智的。They consider it almost a crime _ violence and sex on TV.他們認為讓兒童接觸暴力和色情電視節(jié)目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。答案：to exposehas been exposedto expose yourselfto expose children to6every time用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。意為“每次就”，與each time相同(教材原句P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆發(fā)霍亂時就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。 歸納拓展在every/each time等引導的時間狀語從句中，如果主句用將來時態(tài)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。可充當連詞的名詞詞組：the瞬間名詞(minute，moment，instant)the序數(shù)詞time不定代詞(each，every，any)timetheday(week，month，year) 即學即練完成句子。Do not give a dog bread _ he wags his tail.不要有求必應。I found myself in an entirely new world _ I arrived here.我一到這里就感到耳目一新。He came out of the classroom _一下課他就離開了教室。_，please close the door.下次進來的時候，請把門關上。I thought her nice and honest _我第一次見到她就認為她是一個誠實的好人。答案：every time/each timethe moment/the minutethe moment the class was overNext/The next time you come inthe first time I saw her注意：immediately，the moment，directly等與 every time一樣，都可以用作連詞引導時間狀語從句，意為 “一就”。如：(1)I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一見到他就把這封信給他。(2)I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就來了。7suggest v暗示，表明；提議，建議(教材原句P2)The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖。(教材原句P3).John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經過檢測。句式分析句中suggest表示“表明，暗示，顯示”，其后的從句用的是陳述語氣；句中suggest表示“建議”，其后的從句用的是虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“shoulddo”，should可以省略。Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了，她父母建議她做一下醫(yī)學檢查。 歸納拓展某些表示“建議，命令，要求”的動詞后面接賓語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。這類動詞主要有：一個“堅持”(insist)；兩道“命令”(order，command)；三條“建議”(suggest，advise，recommend)；四點“要求”(demand，desire，request，require)。 即學即練單句語法填空或完成句子。My friend suggested that I _(build)up my confidence.All the evidence suggested that Tom _(be)to blame.He suggested to Tom that he _(struggle)to overcome his shyness in public，and his expression suggested that he _(agree)My mother ordered that I not _(expose)my little sister to strong sunlight.The evidence suggests single fathers _這一證據(jù)顯示，單身父親比單身母親更有可能去工作。The teacher suggested the boy _老師建議這個男孩應該勇敢地接受挑戰(zhàn)。答案：(should)buildwas(should)struggleagreedexposeare more likely to work than single mothersshould take up a challenge bravely8have/get sth done是“have/get賓語賓語補足語”結構，意為“讓某事被做，遭遇某事”，做事的主體是“別人”而非主語“自己”(教材原句P3)A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都派人從水泵打水運到家里來。 歸納拓展(1)have sb do sth使某人做某事(do sth作賓補，sb與do為主動關系，相當于make/let sb do sth，get sb to do sth)The teacher had him mend the broken door.老師讓他修理壞了的門。(2)have sb doing sth常用在否定句中，特別是用在will not，can not等之后，表示“不能容忍某事發(fā)生”(doing sth作賓補，sb與do之間為主動關系)The teacher can't have students whispering in class.這位老師不能容忍學生在課堂上竊竊私語。(3)have.to do有時間(精力/能力/機會等)做某事(have在該結構中并非使役動詞，而是“有”的意思)Do you have time to come here tonight?今晚你有時間來這里嗎？ 即學即練單句語法填空或完成句子。My father has a farm and has two men _(work)for him.Claire had her luggage _(check)an hour before her plane left.I won't have you _(cheat)the customers.I have some personal affairs _(deal)with these days.I will _ next month.下個月我要裝修新房子。She _ all her jewellery _她所有的首飾都被偷了。答案：work/to workcheckedcheatingto dealhave my new house decoratedhadstolen應用落實.單句改錯每句中有1處錯誤，找出并加以改正。1Many of the problems remain unsettling._2The man dressing in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor._3The man seating in the chair asked me to sit._4Many things were considered impossible in the past are common today._5Most of the people inviting to the party were scientists._6All the people present accepted the suggestion was put forward by the chairman._答案：1.unsettling改為unsettled2.dressing改為dressed3.seating改為seated4.去掉were5.inviting改為invited6.去掉was或was前加that/which.單句語法填空在句中空白處填上適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。1He was suspected _ stealing the money.2I don't know who is _(blame)for the messy room.3He suggested I _(set)aside some time for exercise.4The Greens had their milk _(deliver)to the door every day.5Who is responsible _ this accident?6He was taken _ by the false advertisement.7The party came to _ end at midnight，which was _ great success.8He was strict _ his son and he was also strict _ his own work.9With her eyes _(f