淺議房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同的訂立(DOC格式)
videoconference, Secretary of the provincial Committee of Xia Baolong stressed: this year is the "five water treatment" "357" timetables "for three years to resolve outstanding issues, obviously worked," victory of the year. The Countys departments at all levels must firmly establish the "guanghui is gold and silver" green development concept, convinced that Castle is not relaxed, always maintaining strategic ability and strong determination to improve the environment, consistently playing well "five water treatment of" winning the war, ever-higher levels of comprehensive well-off society was built. (A) lay the sewage uphill battle. This year we will "river water quality improved at the county level, up to five" this basic objective grasp of pollution control that focus, with the focus on three things: a good job, "clear rivers" reaching the County created. Organization "look back" special inspection, the County garbage River, black and odorous River is "Dragnet" investigation, timely rectification of problems found in place firmly to prevent river pollution rebound. In accordance with the "one-stop strategy", improving the inferior five water quality monitoring stations work this year to ensure the Elimination of 1 provincial control, five water quality section 3 municipalities controlled deterioration, ensure the creation this year of "clear rivers" standards. Second, pay special attention to pollution-cutting construction of nanotubes. Intercepting nanotubes are the basis of pollution of water source engineering, engineering, matter of success or failure of water management. Urban sewage treatment, to improve "effluent from sewage treatment rate, running accuracy, compliance" requirement, speed up the towns support network construction, is focusing on nanotubes home "last meters" question. Domestic sewage treatment in rural areas, this year is the final year of the three-year action, determination to fight and the momentum around, ending the battle on which fully to ensure the realization of all County 648 formed village coverage. Also, be sure to attach importance to focus on rural domestic wastewater treatment facility operation and management, ensure that wastewater treatment facility up and running, role play, avoid the "Sun" problem. Third, pay special attention to the River Lake pond desilting operation. Provinces now have focused on pollution control of water go to "dig up mud", as the deepening water of this years "plays". Next, to jump-start an investigation line touches work, implementation plan according to the priorities and the programme of work, in accordance with the "one river one policy" requires detailed cleaning, dredging plan, planning ahead of time cleaning out mud "way out", according to local conditions to do sludge, promote scientific resource utilization of silt and mud. (B) the heavy regulation of heavily polluting industries. Pollution of water must grab the source, wastewater is primarily the source of backward production capacity, increase the intensity of淺議房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同的訂立自上個(gè)世紀(jì)九十年代以來,商品房從熱銷到滯銷再到理性化銷售,房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)競爭加劇。2003年之后,隨著國家宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控政策、土地政策、銀行貸款政策的調(diào)整,開發(fā)商完全憑借出讓地土地使用權(quán)套取銀行資金用于房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的做法已經(jīng)難以繼續(xù),開發(fā)商必須投入大量的自有資金用于項(xiàng)目的前期開發(fā),其面臨的開發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大加強(qiáng)。于是,更加理性和穩(wěn)健將成為整個(gè)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)新的變化,有限的土地資源價(jià)值最大化將成為房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的最大特征。 在此前提下,房地產(chǎn)專業(yè)策劃公司介入房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)作將成為市場(chǎng)的主流。筆者就此文討論的即這一類合作所產(chǎn)生的協(xié)議房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同。 一、房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同的概念 日本策劃專家和田創(chuàng)對(duì)策劃的定義是:策劃是通過實(shí)踐活動(dòng)獲取更佳成果的智能,或智能創(chuàng)造行為。也就是在對(duì)企業(yè)內(nèi)外部環(huán)境予以準(zhǔn)確地分析并有效地運(yùn)用各種經(jīng)營資源的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)一定時(shí)間內(nèi)的企業(yè)營銷活動(dòng)的行為、實(shí)施方案與具體措施進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)劃。我國房地產(chǎn)業(yè)界現(xiàn)在對(duì)房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目策劃一般分為房地產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略策劃模式、房地產(chǎn)全程策劃模式、房地產(chǎn)品牌策劃模式、房地產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品策劃模式、房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展商自行策劃模式等等。對(duì)于房地產(chǎn)專業(yè)策劃公司而言,通常建議房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商采取房地產(chǎn)全程策劃模式。該模式由原深圳萬科股份有限公司董事、副總經(jīng)理馮佳先生提出,以土地價(jià)值最大化策劃為核心,包含市場(chǎng)研究、土地研制、項(xiàng)目分析、項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃、概念設(shè)計(jì)、形象設(shè)計(jì)、營銷策略、物業(yè)服務(wù)、品牌培植等九個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。時(shí)間跨度自開發(fā)商委托日至業(yè)主入住、物業(yè)管理公司開始行使物業(yè)管理權(quán)之日止。 房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的前期策劃也與房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的代理銷售密切聯(lián)系,許多項(xiàng)目都采取策劃合同與代理銷售合同合并簽訂的辦法。在深圳、上海等城市,還出現(xiàn)了房地產(chǎn)專業(yè)策劃公司免策劃服務(wù)費(fèi)、只收取代理銷售費(fèi)的新模式。 房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同從法律上定性,屬于一種技術(shù)咨詢合同。它具備技術(shù)咨詢合同的法律特征:首先,房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同是受托人為委托人提供決策參考所訂立的合同,其中相當(dāng)大一部分屬軟科學(xué)研究,凡屬工程設(shè)計(jì)、工程驗(yàn)收、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓等實(shí)質(zhì)性技術(shù)活動(dòng)不屬此類合同調(diào)整。它主要發(fā)生在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施之前。其次,房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃屬于決策服務(wù),合同履行的結(jié)果僅為委托人可供選擇的咨詢報(bào)告。除合同另有約定之外,委托人將受托人提出的咨詢報(bào)告和意見付諸實(shí)施所發(fā)生的損失,受托人不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 二、房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同雙方當(dāng)事人的主要義務(wù)。 (一)委托人的義務(wù) 房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同的委托人一般為房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目開發(fā)商或投資商。其主要義務(wù)有: 1、如實(shí)告知受托人房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的背景情況材料和基本情況。包括欲開發(fā)土地的位置、欲開發(fā)土地的土地權(quán)屬、欲開發(fā)土地的土地權(quán)性質(zhì)、欲開發(fā)土地的權(quán)證面積、政府主管部門的規(guī)劃要點(diǎn)、自籌資金規(guī)模等。背景情況材料和基本情況是受托人進(jìn)行分析研究、提出咨詢報(bào)告的基礎(chǔ)和依據(jù),委托人提供的報(bào)告材料、數(shù)據(jù)、資料越全面,越有利于咨詢報(bào)告的科學(xué)性、合理化。 2、依據(jù)合同約定闡明需要咨詢的問題,并作明確之要求。委托人首先要向受托人說明具體的要求,它是受托人進(jìn)行分析論證的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。一般而言,受托人應(yīng)當(dāng)提供市場(chǎng)調(diào)查分析、項(xiàng)目投資策劃分析、項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃策劃、項(xiàng)目可行性總評(píng)估分析四個(gè)方面的咨詢服務(wù)。 3、接受受托人的工作成果。接受受托人的工作成果既是委托人的義務(wù),也是其權(quán)利。工作成果是指受托人完成的咨詢報(bào)告和意見,在受托人完成咨詢報(bào)告和意見后,委托人要及時(shí)組織評(píng)價(jià)鑒定,確認(rèn)工作成果是否符合合同約定的條件,予以驗(yàn)收。 4、支付報(bào)酬。這是委托人最基本的義務(wù)。委托人應(yīng)依據(jù)合同的約定,分次或一次性履行支付報(bào)酬的義務(wù)。 (二)受托人的義務(wù) 1、依約完成策劃方案 受托人的主要合同義務(wù)包括三項(xiàng),一是完成房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查工作,二是依據(jù)調(diào)查情況進(jìn)行有科學(xué)依據(jù)的市場(chǎng)分析,三是進(jìn)行有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的策劃。按照房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的特點(diǎn),受托人完成的策劃方案應(yīng)包含的基本項(xiàng)目包括: (1)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研 A區(qū)域房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研 B類比競爭樓盤調(diào)研 C各類物業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研 D項(xiàng)目功能與主題定位分析 E目標(biāo)客戶定性調(diào)查 F目標(biāo)客戶定量調(diào)查 G市場(chǎng)定位分析和項(xiàng)目價(jià)格定位分析 F項(xiàng)目可行性總評(píng)估分析報(bào)告 (2)項(xiàng)目投資策劃 A宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和本區(qū)域城市市場(chǎng)調(diào)研 B項(xiàng)目所在地環(huán)境、現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)判斷 C項(xiàng)目開發(fā)方式和開發(fā)節(jié)奏建議 D項(xiàng)目土地SWTO調(diào)查和項(xiàng)目規(guī)模定位、價(jià)值分析 E項(xiàng)目投入產(chǎn)出分析及資金運(yùn)作建議 (3)項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃策劃 A項(xiàng)目背景分析 B項(xiàng)目名稱和標(biāo)志 C項(xiàng)目整體平面規(guī)劃、功能分區(qū)、道路系統(tǒng)布局概念提示 D單體主力戶型組合概念方案 E整體建筑風(fēng)格定位、色彩計(jì)劃 F室內(nèi)布局、裝修概念提示 G環(huán)境規(guī)劃及藝術(shù)風(fēng)格提示 H公共家具設(shè)計(jì)概念提示 I公共裝飾材料選擇指導(dǎo) J燈光設(shè)計(jì)及背景音樂指導(dǎo) K項(xiàng)目建成后未來生活方式指引 依據(jù)以上義務(wù),受托人要盡可能收集與所策劃項(xiàng)目有關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)信息、資源信息、人才信息,利用自身的技術(shù)知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),綜合分析項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)內(nèi)容,預(yù)測(cè)房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景,為委托人的房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和參考方案,提出具有較高科學(xué)水平和參考價(jià)值的咨詢報(bào)告和意見。房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目策劃方案不僅僅是一個(gè)結(jié)論性的方案,它還應(yīng)包括基本信息數(shù)據(jù)、分析論證過程和各種可行性方案以及最佳方案等內(nèi)容。 2、保證策劃方案達(dá)到合同約定的要求。 咨詢報(bào)告是委托人進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目決策的主要依據(jù)。它要求受托人在技術(shù)咨詢工作中,采取嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的態(tài)度,力求咨詢報(bào)告的先進(jìn)性、可行性,避免咨詢報(bào)告華而不實(shí)或出現(xiàn)失誤、質(zhì)量低劣、無參考價(jià)值等情況的發(fā)生,從而使策劃方案和意見達(dá)到合同約定的要求。 3、配合和接受委托人的驗(yàn)收。 受托人進(jìn)行的策劃,需經(jīng)委托人對(duì)策劃方案驗(yàn)收后方為履行完畢合同。在項(xiàng)目驗(yàn)收過程中,受托人應(yīng)委派專業(yè)技術(shù)人員和策劃方案設(shè)計(jì)人員按時(shí)參加由委托人組織召開的工作會(huì)議,對(duì)咨詢報(bào)告中的專業(yè)術(shù)語、調(diào)查依據(jù)、科學(xué)依據(jù)、策劃理念等進(jìn)行解釋。保證委托人能夠清楚明白的知悉整個(gè)書面報(bào)告的內(nèi)容并有能力予以實(shí)施。 對(duì)于委托人在驗(yàn)收過程中所指出的問題,受托人應(yīng)依據(jù)合同的約定予以修改、補(bǔ)作或?qū)ξ腥擞枰越忉尅?(三)房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商訂立房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問題。 1、正確定位房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃工作的性質(zhì),不進(jìn)“策劃萬能論”的誤區(qū)。 如前所述,房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃公司在房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目中應(yīng)起到的作用是“顧問”作用,僅僅依靠“顧問”的顧問工作不能使房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目起決定性作用?!安邉澣f能論”將策劃不切實(shí)際地吹捧為靈丹妙藥,似乎立桿見影,一通百通,成了無所不能的百寶囊。它的觀點(diǎn)與實(shí)際是不相符的。 2、房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同不必要與房地產(chǎn)代理銷售合同合并訂立。 依照策劃公司提供的合同樣本,房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同往往與房地產(chǎn)代理銷售合同合而為一,稱全程策劃與代理銷售合同。筆者認(rèn)為,兩類合同根本沒有合并訂立的必要: (1)兩類合同的法律性質(zhì)不同,簽約雙方當(dāng)事人在合同中的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系不同。 房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同是一種技術(shù)咨詢合同,委托人與受托人之間發(fā)生的法律關(guān)系是咨詢服務(wù)關(guān)系;房地產(chǎn)代理銷售合同是一種委托合同,委托人與受托人之間發(fā)生的法律關(guān)系是受托人以委托人的名義銷售房屋。無論是從雙方的權(quán)利、義務(wù)的構(gòu)成還是從權(quán)利、義務(wù)的特點(diǎn)看,兩類合同從法律上都缺乏必要的關(guān)聯(lián)性。 (2)兩類合同合并訂立對(duì)于房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 由于房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同的技術(shù)咨詢合同特性,決定了沒有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量和評(píng)價(jià)受托人的工作業(yè)績。當(dāng)事人雙方難以約定因前期策劃合同履行不合格而解除合同的條件。一旦委托人對(duì)受托人產(chǎn)生信用危機(jī),委托人不能找到合適的法律事由終止合同的繼續(xù)履行,解約往往需要向受托人支付一筆不必要的違約金,委托人的自我保護(hù)能力較差。 (3)筆者建議,開發(fā)商應(yīng)當(dāng)在房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目前期策劃合同履行完畢之后,視受托人的工作業(yè)績?cè)傩羞x擇是否與受托人訂立代理銷售合同。 3、不要將前期策劃放在詳規(guī)之后。 開發(fā)商應(yīng)在詳規(guī)之前完成前期策劃事宜。如果沒有項(xiàng)目區(qū)域市場(chǎng)調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)支持、沒有競爭對(duì)手項(xiàng)目的市場(chǎng)營銷戰(zhàn)略的應(yīng)對(duì)措施、也沒有確立項(xiàng)目的銷售方向,開發(fā)商就進(jìn)行詳規(guī),前期策劃就會(huì)失去其應(yīng)有的作用。 4、給予受托人充分的時(shí)間。 對(duì)受托人而言,前期策劃合同的履行是一個(gè)調(diào)查分析論證獨(dú)創(chuàng)性策劃的過程,策劃期間還需要與委托人有充分的溝通。如果委托人給予受托人的時(shí)間不足,受托人難以投入足夠的人力、物力、財(cái)力去進(jìn)行廣泛的前期市場(chǎng)分析論證工作,用十幾天乃至幾天時(shí)間拿出的策劃方案,分析與定位只能建立在主觀臆測(cè)上;創(chuàng)作的策劃方案不具備獨(dú)創(chuàng)性,僅僅是其它樓盤的修改翻版。最終,利益的受害者是開發(fā)商本身。 5、細(xì)分受托人的工作要點(diǎn),對(duì)受托人應(yīng)遞交書面報(bào)告的內(nèi)容和形式作明確要求。 筆者在審閱一系列前期策劃合同后認(rèn)為,對(duì)受托人應(yīng)遞交書面報(bào)告的內(nèi)容和形式要求不明確是此類合同糾紛形成的重要原因,也是此類糾紛處理的難點(diǎn)之所在。相對(duì)雙方當(dāng)事人的專業(yè)分析,房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商對(duì)此并不處于強(qiáng)勢(shì),且我國現(xiàn)行法律、法規(guī)對(duì)此無詳盡規(guī)定。建議開發(fā)商在訂立合同時(shí)參考中國管理傳播網(wǎng)上的房地產(chǎn)全程策劃營銷案提綱一文,對(duì)受托人的策劃要點(diǎn)和文案作出細(xì)分之要求。 6、在合同中確認(rèn)委托人享有受托人所提交的策劃方案中所包括的文字作品、圖片作品、電腦制作作品、其它廣告作品的修改權(quán)、使用權(quán)、經(jīng)濟(jì)受益權(quán)。 7、確定分期付款的付款方式。一般可以將付款分為四個(gè)階段,一是訂立合同后的付款,二是受托人遞交初步策劃方案提綱時(shí)的付款,三是受托人正式提交前期策劃方案并經(jīng)委托人驗(yàn)收后的付款,四是房屋銷售達(dá)到某一額度后的獎(jiǎng)金。將前期策劃分為四次付款,對(duì)于開發(fā)商所獲得的質(zhì)量保障、服務(wù)保障,對(duì)于調(diào)動(dòng)受托人的工作積極性和后期服務(wù)意識(shí),都是具備良好作用的。 8、明確違約救濟(jì)方式 開發(fā)商在訂立合同時(shí),應(yīng)訂立違約責(zé)任條款和爭議解決方式條款。對(duì)于在合同履行過程中因受托人不履行合同、延期履行合同、履行合同不合格、履行合同過程中受托人泄露委托人商業(yè)秘密等違約行為作出違約責(zé)任的約定;并在爭議解決方式中約定是通過訴訟途徑解決或通過仲裁途徑解決雙方因合同爭議所發(fā)生的糾紛。為了促進(jìn)本公司各項(xiàng)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)由事后管理向事前管理方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,強(qiáng)化生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營全過程控制,提高資金使用的計(jì)劃性,特制定本管理辦法,以增加公司資金運(yùn)行的透明度treatment of heavily polluting industries. According to municipal, and municipal government deployment of seven big heavy pollution industry regulation "three years action plans", requirements to December 2016 end of Qian, all included shut stopped eliminated of enterprise all shut stopped eliminated in place; June 30, 2017 Qian, all included place regulation upgrade and agglomeration restructuring of enterprise by unified standard regulation in place, late not standard of enterprise are implementation discontinued; June 30, 2018 Qian, all intends Park production of enterprise relocation Park in place, late not Park of are discontinued. In the process of renovation, will focus on four aspects: to firmly close the high energy consumption and heavy pollution, hopeless enterprise governance and production lines, eliminated a number of yearly emission intensity, low value-added products of backward production capacity. Second, we must strictly enforce the space, total project "Trinity" environment access system, promoting industry access and environmental conditions of access of enterprises to the Park, industrial park, in principle, no longer the class on the new project. Thirdly, promoting replacement and reconstruction of heavily polluting industries, mergers and reorganizations, guide enterprises to energy conservation, recycling and low-carbon and clean production, and improve the level of green development. Four to establish a long-term supervision mechanism, increase the intensity of special inspections, investigate and punish the rectification is not in place, normal business of running anti-pollution installations do not. (Iii) linkage to promote flood control water, drainage, water supply, improving water saving. Speed up cross Yang support river dike reinforcement, and along Pu seawall except insurance reinforcement, and Lake Qian sluice, and BA Cao sluice, and cloud cover reservoir, focus flood control drainage engineering construction, vigorously implementation "strong library" "solid di" "spread row" engineering, increased geological disaster hidden points governance efforts, solid advance small basin torrent disaster governance, efforts from essentially solution basin sex, and regional flood control drainage capacity insufficient of problem. Vigorously implement the piers, algae and other water sources protection and, promoting rural drinking water safety projects, setting up water pricing reform and environmental protection mechanism, guiding water depth. Further soil pollution and repair, strengthen agricultural non-point source pollution prevention, mountain, water, forests, fields, lakes, various elements mutual long. Four, manage to tighten control, to play "three to split" battle. Xia Baolong, Secretary of provincial party Committee stressed that while the "three to split" operation time is over three years, but "three to split" must continue to catch on, and resolve a split cannot be changed. All localities and departments to the village and "no unauthorised" created