2020高三英語高考二輪復習：專題四《動詞和短語動詞》

【專題四】動詞和短語動詞【考點分析】1.系動詞的比較；2.動詞和短語動詞的習慣用法和意義辨析（高考的重中之重）?！局R點歸納】說明：本專題輔導不涉及動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、非謂語動詞以及情態(tài)動詞等語法內(nèi)容（這部分請看后面的專題輔導五、六、七）。動詞和動詞短語是英語中最靈活、最難掌握的詞之一，在歷年高考題中所占比例也最大，設題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞短語意義的理解和運用能力。主要出現(xiàn)在單項選擇及完形填空中。要求考生構建以下比較完整的知識網(wǎng)絡。I.動詞的分類根據(jù)意義和句法作用，英語動詞可分為四類：1.行為動詞（實義動詞）及物動詞：帶賓語的動詞不及物動詞：不帶賓語的動詞注意：英語里及物動詞和不及物動詞不是截然分開的，有的動詞既可以是及物動詞也可以是不及物動詞。It is important for you to learn how to learn.第一個learn是及物動詞，后面有賓語how to learn；第二個learn是不及物動詞。不及物動詞向及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化需要借助于介詞、副詞等構成短語動詞。He is working hard at English.狀態(tài)動詞（相對靜止）：contain, exist, own, prefer, belong動作動詞：延續(xù)性（work, stay）；非延續(xù)性（marry, go, come）2.系動詞表示人或事物的特征和狀態(tài)：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound表示狀態(tài)的變化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow表示某種狀態(tài)的延續(xù)或持續(xù)：remain, keep, stay注意：絕大多數(shù)連系動詞又是實義動詞，在解題時要正確區(qū)分,否則就會出錯。請看下列這道選擇題：good,the food has been sold out.A.Tasted B.Having been Tasted C.Tasting D.To taste本題考生如果把taste當成實義動詞去理解的話，就會誤選A或B。其實taste在本句中是連系動詞，應該選C才對=Because the food tastes good,3.助動詞（與動詞原形或分詞構成復合謂語）：be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall4.情態(tài)動詞：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)等等II.短語動詞常見的構成方式及其注意點1.動詞+副詞所構成的短語動詞分及物的和不及物的兩類Please turn every light in the house off. 請把房子里的每一盞燈都關掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚會后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。（不及物）注意：如果賓語較長，就應避免把副詞同動詞分開She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動詞和副詞之間。She gave them away.她送掉了它們。同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時，意義上有很大的差異。ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up掛起，舉起。不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時，在意義上有很大的差異。break out發(fā)生，爆炸 carry out進行，開展 go out熄滅 break down出毛病hand out分發(fā) let out放出 look out當心 sell out賣完set out出發(fā) take out取出 work out算出 come down落下來get down下車 take down取下 write down寫下2.動詞+介詞(及物)I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼鏡。注意：當它跟賓語時，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時，意義上有很大的差異。look after照料，look at看，look for尋找3.動詞+副詞+介詞I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見到你。注意：“動詞+介詞”、“動詞+名詞+副詞”、“動詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。III.動詞及短語動詞詞義辨析動詞及短語動詞是各類考試的重點，高考試題中，單項填空、完形填空等題型中，動詞及短語動詞辨義的比重較大，并逐年增加。動詞及短語動詞辨義主要指：1.形似動詞及短語動詞之間的辨析；2.意似動詞及短語動詞之間的辨析；3.動詞及短語動詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞和短語之間的辨析；4.意義不同，但容易混淆的動詞及短語動詞的辨析。5.某些常用動詞及短語動詞習慣用法的辨析。動詞及短語動詞詞義辨析要靠考生的日積月累，考生才能在高考中應付自如。IV.動詞和短語動詞的常見辨析方法（一）從語法搭配、習慣用法上進行辨析1.賓語不同，意義也不同go on doing（繼續(xù)干同一件事） go on to do（接著去干另一件事）regret doing（后悔干了某事） regret to do（相當于be sorry to do）forget doing （忘記已做過的事） forget to do（忘記要去干的事）remember doing（記得已做過的事） remember to do（記住要去干的事）mean doing（意味著干） mean to do（想干）try doing（嘗試做） try to do（設法做）consider doing（考慮去做） consider to be/have done（認為是/認為已經(jīng)做了）2.接賓語或賓補（主補），形式有不同某些動詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞，但接賓補（主補）時，賓補（主補）要用不定式。We forbid smoking here.（賓語，用動名詞）We forbid you to smoke here.（賓補，用動詞不定式）You are forbidden to smoke here.（主補，用動詞不定式）3.賓語形式不同，意義相同有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式（要用被動形式），可接動名詞（要用主動形式表被動意義），兩種形式意義相同。The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning4.主動形式表示“被動”意義的動詞有些動詞sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等，它們的主語是事物，且又是表示主語的固有特征和狀態(tài)，與行為方式狀語連用時，要用主動形式表被動意義：My pen writes smoothly.我的筆好寫。Oil burns easily.油易燃燒。5.意義上基本相同，但是在用法上習慣搭配上有不同之處的詞buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花錢買東西；spend/take都可指花時間；但是它們在用法、習慣搭配上有較大的區(qū)別。The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/ (in) buying the watch.It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch.He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.以上句子所表達的意思基本相同：他花了36，000法郎買了這只手表。（二）從組成形式和它們的恰切含義上辨析詞匯間的微小差別對我們來說既是重點又是難點。要從詞義的內(nèi)涵和外延上進行辨析。1.以構成形式為突破口進行辨析如有無介詞for，意義不同：answer（回答）/answer for（對負責、償還）常見的還有：search（對人、物或場所搜查）/search for（搜尋人、物或場所）leave（離開某地）/leave for（去某地） reach（到達；拿到）/reach for（伸手去拿）prepare（準備）/prepare for（為作準備） enter（進入）/enter for（報名參加）run（經(jīng)營；跑）/run for（競選） stand（站；忍受）/stand for（代表）pay（付錢、債給某人）/pay for（付錢買某物）2.以意義為突破口進行辨析意義內(nèi)涵不同型：幾個詞它們的內(nèi)在含義不盡相同。defend, protect, guard 都與 “保護”有關。defend 指采用辦法消除存在的危險或擊退正在進行的攻擊。protect 指使用某種遮蓋或外力，外物防御可能的傷害或毀壞。guard 指小心警惕，防止實際存在的或可能發(fā)生的危險。They raised a large army to defend the country.他們招募了一支龐大的軍隊來保衛(wèi)這個國家的安全。The entrance to the palace were well guarded.進宮殿的入口處門衛(wèi)把守得很嚴。Clothing is worn to protect us from cold.穿衣服是為了御寒。動作結(jié)果不同型：動作動詞和結(jié)果動詞: 英語中有些動詞雖然意義相同，但用法不同，有的表示某個動作，而另一個則表示該動作所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。advise（勸說）/persuade（勸服）I advised him but I couldnt persuade him. 我勸過他，但未能勸服他。這類常見的動詞還有：look for（尋找）/find（找到）look（看）/see（看見）listen（聽）/hear（聽到）try（試 圖，不說明是否成功）/manage（設法，側(cè)重做到）動作狀態(tài)不同型：begin（開映：動作非延續(xù)性）/be on（開映：狀態(tài)延續(xù)性）The film began at 5 oclock and has been on for half an hour.電影5點開映，已開映半小時了?？陀^主觀不同型：receive（客觀上：收到）/accept（主觀上：受到）I received her present but I didnt accept it.我收到了她的禮物，但沒有接受。直接間接不同型：hear（直接：聽）/hear of（間接：聽說）I heard him singing. 我聽到她在唱歌。I have heard of him.我聽說過他的有關情況。V.重點所要背誦的短語動詞根據(jù)筆者對2020四年全國及各省市高考單項選擇題中考查所涉及到的短語動詞的統(tǒng)計（見文后的附錄），我們建議考生2020復習迎接高考中重點所要背誦的短語動詞如下（僅供參考）：1.以a開頭的動詞為中心的詞組accuseof(=charge with)控告/指控某人犯有罪add to 增添add up 加起來add up to 加起來達,合計達adaptto使適應adjustto使適應agree with同意某人意見（接sb.或idea, view等）；適應；與一致agree to (ones plan/ proposal) 同意某人的計劃或提議answer for對負責apply for申請，請求appeal for懇求，呼吁attachto將系在.，使隸屬/附屬于，將縛在approve of贊成apologize to sb for sth因向某人道歉be absorbed in埋頭于，專心于be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)習慣于be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于，迷戀be admitted to/into獲準進入，被錄取be annoyed with sb. at/about sth2.以break為中心的詞組break away from脫離，逃離，打破break down vt.破壞,粉碎,瓦解；vi.出故障，拋錨；衰弱break in闖進，打斷；使順服break into闖入；強行進入；突然開始break out爆發(fā)，發(fā)生；準備使用；起錨break off 打斷，斷絕，折斷，突然終止break through 突破，克服，擠過去break up vt.開墾，破碎；解散，分解;vi.結(jié)束3.以build為中心的詞組build on / upon 建立在上，依賴，指望build up 增加，增進，建成，振興4.以burst為中心的詞組burst forth 爆發(fā)，噴出，忽然出現(xiàn)burst in 闖進，突然出現(xiàn)burst into闖進，突然起來，突然發(fā)出burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放聲大笑burst out 迸發(fā)，爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)出，大聲叫喊burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放聲大笑5.以 bring為中心的詞組bring about導致，引起，促使bring back 帶回，使回憶，使恢復bring down 使下降，濃縮，收縮，擊落bring forth開（花）,結(jié)（果），發(fā)表，提出bring forward 提出bring into action 使行動起來，使生效bring into effect/practice 完成，實現(xiàn)，實施，bring out 拿出，公布，發(fā)表，出版，生產(chǎn)bring through 治愈，使度過困難/危險時期bring to mind 使想起，回憶起bring up 撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)，使停止6.以call為中心的詞組call at 訪問（某地），停泊在call away 叫走，把（注意力）轉(zhuǎn)移開call for 需要，要求，接（某人），call in 召集，收集，請入，引入call off 取消，下令停止call on 拜訪（某人），號召call out 大聲喊，喚起call up 打電話給; 召集; 使想起7.以carry為中心的詞組carry about 隨身攜帶carry away 沖走，帶走，沖昏某人頭腦carry back 拿回，運回，使想起carryinto effect/practice 執(zhí)行,實行,實現(xiàn),完成carry off 帶走，奪去的生命，獲得（獎品）carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)，進行carry out 貫徹，執(zhí)行，實施，完成carry through 堅持到底，貫徹，完成8.以catch為中心的詞組be caught doing被發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事be caught in the rain淋雨catch /take fire 著火be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞catch onesword聽懂某人的話catch sight of發(fā)現(xiàn)，瞥見catch sbs attention引起某人注意catch the point of 抓住的要點9.以clear為中心的詞組clear away 掃除，消除clear off 清除，清理，（云霧）消散，（雨）停clear out 清除，掃出clear up（天）變晴；打掃，消除10.以come為中心的詞組come aboutvi.發(fā)生，改變方向come across偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，想起；越過；償付come at達到，求得，得到；撲向，襲擊come back回來；恢復，復原come down倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come into being發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，形成come into power開始執(zhí)政，當權，當選come into effect/ force開始生效，開始實行come into existence形成，產(chǎn)生，開始存在come into fashion開始流行come into operation開始運轉(zhuǎn)，實施，生效come into use開始使用，獲得應用come round/around 拜訪，繞道come to蘇醒,復原,共計,達到,歸結(jié)于,漸漸，說到/提及到come to an agreement 達成協(xié)議come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論come to a decision 作出決定come to an end終止，結(jié)束come to a stop 結(jié)束，停止，停頓，come to an understanding 取得諒解when it comes to就而論，談到come to know/realize/understand開始了解到/意識到/明白come to life 蘇醒，栩栩如生come to light 明朗化，出現(xiàn)，顯露出來come to oneself蘇醒come true實現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實；證實come up走近；上樓；流行起來；發(fā)芽,上來；（問題）被提出；（風浪）猛烈起來11.以compare為中心的詞組be compared to 被比作，與相比be compared with與相比beyond /without compare 無可比擬的,無法比較的compare notes with和交換意見/核對筆記compare to把.比作，把與相比compare with把與相比12.以devote為中心的詞組be devoted to 貢獻給，致力于devote ones attention to 專心于devote oneself/ones life to 獻身于，致力于devote to獻身于，專心于13.以divide為中心的詞組be divided by被除be divided on對于有分歧divide sth. among / between在之間分配divide A from B 把A同B分開divideinto 把分成divide up 分割，瓜分，劃分，分配14.以die為中心的詞組die away漸熄(減弱,消失) 側(cè)重于減弱直至“消失”（尤其指聲音，光，風）die down漸漸消失,平息（尤其指火勢，大海，脾氣）die of 死于（疾病、饑餓、寒冷、情感等內(nèi)因）die from 死于（災害、事故等外因）die off死去die out 滅絕，消失，熄滅15.以do為中心的詞組do a good deed做一件好事do the deed 付諸行動，生效do away with去掉，廢除；弄死；浪費do /cause damage to 損害do good to (=do sb. good)有益于do harm to (=do sb. harm)有害于do wrong to (=do sb. wrong)冤枉某人do ones best / utmost盡某人最大努力do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 幫助某人do up 捆，扎，系，扣，收拾，刷新do with忍受，處理（對比：deal with）do without不需要也行，不用16.以 drive為中心的詞組drive away vi.開車走掉 vt.趕走，驅(qū)趕drive off 驅(qū)散drive out 逐出，乘車出去drive through 乘車穿過（街道等）drive sb.mad 使某人發(fā)瘋17.以fall為中心的詞組fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡著/沉默fall back撤退，后退fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面fall down 倒下，落下，掉下，病倒，失敗fall in love with愛上（某人）fall into a habit of 養(yǎng)成習慣fall off 掉下，衰退，減少fall to pieces 破碎，崩潰，瓦解fall into ruins 成為廢墟18.以fix為中心的詞組fix a date / time for為安排日期/時間fix up 修理，安裝，安排，建造，提供fix on / upon 確定，決定fix ones eyes on/upon 注視，凝視fix ones attention on/upon專心于,把注意力集中在19.以get為中心的詞組get about徘徊，走動，旅行；流傳get accustomed to習慣于，對習以為常get across度過，通過，橫過；說服，使被理解get ahead of勝過，超過get along前進，進步；同意；離去，相處get along with與相處get around 走動，傳播，影響，說服get away離開，逃脫，出發(fā)，開始度假get back取回，回來；報復get close to 接近，靠近get down to認真對待，靜下心來get/catch/seize/take hold of獲得，取得，抓住get in touch with與取得聯(lián)系get into/out of debt 欠債/不欠債get off送走；脫下（衣服）；下車；動身get over越過；恢復，痊愈；克服；完成get rid of除去，去掉；免除，擺脫get through撥通，到達，完成，通過；及格get together 積聚，積累；商談，取得一致意見20.以give為中心的詞組give away贈送；犧牲；泄露；頒發(fā)give back歸還，反射give forth發(fā)出，放出；發(fā)表give in屈服，讓步，投降give off發(fā)出（煙，氣味）give out vt.分發(fā),公布,發(fā)出,使筋疲力盡 vi.用完give rise to引起，導致；使發(fā)生give up放棄；停止give way to讓步，退卻；屈服于given that假定，給定，已知21.以go為中心的詞組go about走來走去，（謠言等）流傳go across 度過，越過go after 追逐，追求，跟隨go against 反對，不利于go ahead 前進，進展，繼續(xù)go all about 鼓足干勁，全力以赴go along with 陪伴，和一道走go back to 追溯至go bad 變壞，腐敗go beyond 超過，勝過go by 經(jīng)過，過去go down 下降，沉沒，垮臺，（風等）平靜go for 支持，贊成，適用于，去（取，拿）go in for 喜歡,參加，贊成，從事, 為而努力go into 進入，參加，調(diào)查，從事，深入研究go off 走開，爆炸go on 繼續(xù)，接下去go on to do 接著做（另一件事）go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）go on with繼續(xù)做，忍受go out 出去，熄滅，離開，下臺，退休go over 溫習，檢查，越過go through 審查，履行，通過，經(jīng)歷，忍受go up 上升，上漲，攀登go without 無需，沒有也行go wrong 出故障，走錯路22.以hold為中心的詞組hold back 隱瞞，阻止，克制，扣留hold to / by 堅持，固守hold down 壓制，壓低，縮減hold off 耽擱，不接近，離開hold out 伸出，提出，支持，主張hold up 舉起，豎起，支持，使停滯hold with 和意見一致，贊成23.以keep為中心的詞組keep away (from) 不接近，避開，遠離keep back 阻止，扣留，隱瞞keep company with和結(jié)交keep from阻止keep in mind 記住keep in touch with與保持聯(lián)系/不斷接觸keep off 不接近，遠離keep on doing 繼續(xù)，不停地做keep ones balance 保持平衡keep out 使不入內(nèi)keep pace with跟上，同步調(diào)一致keep up 繼續(xù)，堅持，保持，維持keep up with趕上，跟上 ，與并肩前進keep watch 守望，值班，注意24.以lay為中心的詞組lay aside 把.放在一邊，拋棄，貯藏lay down 放下，使躺下，放棄，犧牲lay off （暫時）解雇，放棄，停止lay out 花費，投資，不置，打昏25.以leave為中心的詞組leave about亂放，亂丟leave alone 聽任，任其自然leaveas it is.聽其自然leave behind 留下，忘記攜帶leave for （離開某地）去某地leave out 省去，遺漏，不把計算在內(nèi)leave off 停止，脫去，戒除leave office 離職，下臺leave over 留下，剩下，延期leave room for 為讓出地方leave school 畢業(yè)leave sth, to / with sb把交給/留給某人.leave sb, sth. 把交給/留給某人leave word / a message 留言，留信26.以look為中心的詞組look about四下環(huán)顧；查看look after照顧，看管look around東張西望look back on / upon 回顧look down on /upon俯視；輕視look forward to盼望，期待look into窺視；調(diào)查；瀏覽look on /upon旁觀；面向look on / upon as把看作look out向外看；注意；當心，提防look over從上面看過去；檢查，忽略look through透過看去；看穿；瀏覽，徹底調(diào)查look to 面向，注意look up 查閱，仰視，漲價look up to仰望，尊敬27.以make為中心的詞組be made from由原料制成be made (out) of由材料制成be made up of由組成make an appointment with sb.與約定make a difference 有差別，有關系，很重要make a fool of愚弄，欺騙make a point 闡述觀點make a point of doing強調(diào)；決心，堅持make a will 立下遺囑make advantages/use of使用，利用make believe假裝make certain / sure確信，把弄清楚make contact with 接通，與接觸，與聯(lián)系make for去向，向前進；有利于make oneself at home隨便，別拘束make oneself understood 讓別人理解自己make out填寫；開支票；理解；辨認make preparations for為作準備make the best/ most of盡量利用；極為重視make up彌補,修理,賠償,起草,編造,化裝,配制,占比例make up to 接近，巴結(jié)；向求愛make way for 為讓路，讓路于make it 就這么定了，成功，達到某一特定目標, 趕到。28.以meet為中心的詞組meet the need/demand/requirement of滿足需要meet with 偶然碰見，遭受，meetby chance/accident偶然碰見make ends meet 使收支相抵29.以owe為中心的詞組owe to把歸功于，把歸因于，owe much to 多虧了，在很大程度上歸功于owe it tothat歸功于，幸虧owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人30.以pass為中心的詞組pass away 去世，（時間）過去pass by 經(jīng)過，（時間）過去pass on/upon 傳遞，通過pass out of ones mind 被人忘掉pass over 忽視，置之不理pass through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)過，貫穿31.以pick為中心的詞組pick ones words精選用詞pick out 挑出，辨別出pick up 接(某人),接收，獲得，搭載，收拾，恢復，爬起，撿起，學會，認識pick up with結(jié)識，與交朋友32.以put為中心的詞組put aside 把放在一邊；擱置；排除put away 把放好，把收拾；儲藏；put back 把放回原處；撥回put down 放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；記下；削減；降落put an end to 結(jié)束，終止，廢除put forward 提出；撥快；建議，推薦；提倡，put in 駛?cè)?，進入put(down) in writing 把寫下來put into把放入；插入；翻譯成putinto use應用putinto practice把付諸于實踐putinto action把付諸于實踐，實施，使生效putinto effect把.付諸于實踐，實施，使生效putinto operation 將投入生產(chǎn)，實施，開動putinto production將投產(chǎn)，開始生產(chǎn)put off 推遲，延期；消除；推脫，脫下put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,撥快(鐘表),推薦put ones heart into 全神貫注，專心致志put out 熄滅，伸出，拿出，制造，刺殺put through 完成，（電話用語）撥通，使穿過put up 舉起，掛起；提名，推薦；陳列put up with 忍受，容忍33.以refer 為中心的詞組refer to 指，提及，參考，查閱be referred to 和有關,歸功于,被提交處理refer oneself to依賴，求助于refer toas把稱做，認為是34.以see為中心的詞組see after 照料，照顧see into 識透，調(diào)查see out 送某人到門口/屋外，see off送行see through 看透，識破，支持（某人）到底see to 照顧，處理，注意see to it that照料，努力使，注意把seeing that因為，鑒于，既然35.以send為中心的詞組send away 解雇，趕走，把送往遠處send down 把向下發(fā)送,開除,降低（價格，溫度）send for 派人去叫/請/拿send off 發(fā)出，寄出，解雇，送別send out 發(fā)出，散發(fā)，長出（樹葉等）send up 發(fā)射，使上升，向上傳遞send word 通知，轉(zhuǎn)告，捎信36以set為中心的詞組be set in 以為背景set about（doing）著手，開始set an example to sb.給某人樹立個榜樣set aside 取消，放在一邊，放棄，忽視，拒絕set back 把（鐘表）往回撥set down 放下，卸下，登記，記載set fire to (= seton fire) 放火燒毀set free 釋放（某人）set off vi.出發(fā) vt.使爆炸，撥出（錢等）set out vi.出發(fā) vt.開始，著手(to do)，布置set up 建立，設立，開辦，引起（疾病等）37.以take為中心的詞組take a chance / an opportunity碰運氣,抓機會take a seat就坐take a shower淋浴，洗澡take advantage of 利用，乘之便take after 仿效，與相似，長得像take aim瞄準，設立目標take away拿走，減去；奪去take back收回，取消take by surprise出奇制勝,突襲take sb.by surprise 使驚訝take care to do 務必做，留心做take for/as把當作take charge of負責，主管take down 取下，記下，占領，拆毀，病倒take effect 生效，起作用take for example 以為例take for granted 認為理所當然take in 吸收，接納，欺騙，輕信，領會takeinto account / consideration 考慮，重視take it / things easy 別緊張，從容take measures / steps 采取措施take off vt.脫去,除去；vi.起飛,起程,成功,成名take office就職，上任take on 呈現(xiàn)，雇傭，承擔，擔任take ones place就坐，入坐，代替take ones time（to do） 慢慢做take out 拿出，取出，去除，取得（專利權）take over 接管，接任，接收take possession of 占有，擁有take the place of代替take the shape of 呈/取的形狀take the size of 量的尺寸take pride in以為榮，對驕傲takeseriously/calmly嚴肅認真/冷靜從容地對待take sb. by the arm拉某人的胳膊take sb.in ones arms 擁抱某人take turns(to do) 輪流做take up for 袒護take up with 致力于，忍受，對發(fā)生興趣38.以think為中心的詞組think about 考慮think aloud 自言自語think highly / well/much/a lot of對評價很高think little/ill/nothing of 輕視，看不起think of 想，想著，想做think of as把看作think out 仔細考慮，想通think over仔細考慮think through想通think to oneself 沉思，暗自想think up 想出，想通，想起39.以turn為中心的詞組turn away把打發(fā)走,解雇,轉(zhuǎn)臉不采,使轉(zhuǎn)變方向take ones turn to do輪到做turn a blind eye to對視而不見turn a deaf to對充耳不聞turn against背叛，采取敵對態(tài)度turn back 折回，往回走turn down 折疊，翻下，駁回，拒絕考慮turn into 走進；變成，變?yōu)閠urn to for help 求助于turn off 關上,解雇，避開（問題）turn on 打開；反對；依靠，依賴，取決于turn ones attention to把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向turn out 培養(yǎng)；證明是；制成；實際情況是turn out to be 原來是，證明是，結(jié)果是turn over a new leaf翻開新的一頁, 改過自新turn (a)round 旋轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)過身來；改變意見；turn to 變成；著手于turn upside down 顛倒過來，翻過來40.以watch為中心的詞組keep (a) watch 守望，值班，留心watch ones time /opportunity 等待時機watch out (for)當心，監(jiān)視，注意，提防watch over 查看，監(jiān)視，看守watch ones weight 留心體重watch ones step 當心，留心【高考預測】1.His joke went so far that it was more than his girl freind could_.A.put forward B. keep up with C. put up with D.do away with2.How about eight oclock outside the cinema? http:/That_me fine.A.fits B.caters httcc C.concerns D.suits3.Dont make any noise or I will be _ mad.A. turned B.driven C. set D. put4.Shortly after the book Uncle Tom's Cabin_, the Civil War of America_.A.came about; broke away http B.came out; broke out http:/C.came on; broke up D.came up; broke down5.Oh, my God! So many students are coming out. How can you _ your daughter?Thats easy. My daughter is wearing a red skirt today.A. get out B. find out C. take out D. pick out6.The factory had to a number of employees because of economic decline in the country.A.lay out B.lay off C.lay aside D.lay down7.What field will your son go into after graduation from Nanjing University?Im not quite certain, but he _ a good teacher of English.A.promises B.becomes C.makes D.proves8.I am trying to be the kind of boss that the workers will .A.live up to B.look up to C.watch out for D.put up with9.The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.A.adapt B.bring C.receive D.adopt10.Before the war many people _ possessions they could not take with them.A.threw away B.put away C.gave awayhtt:/D.carried away11.Jenny worked hard before the final examination, and it _ .She got an A.A.showed off B.paid off C.put off D.took off12.Uner good treatment, many patients are beginning to _ and will soon recover.A.pick up B.pick out C.turn up D.show up13.When the Greeks had _ the Persians, a soldier ran from Marathon to Athens.A. won B. bitten C. beaten D. hit14.When it comes to swimming,no one in our class can _ me in this knowledge.A. catch B. suit C. compare D. match15.The mother opened the door quietly so as not to _ the sleeping baby.A. upset B. interrupt C. disturb D. release16.Jim was not _ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it.A. allowed B. permitted C. admitted D. promoted17. My new secretary was very quick; she _ a lot of work in one morning.A. got over B. got across C. got round D. got through18.I know youve always been interested in seeing different places, and experiencing different cultures.Yes, I always think that the experience I_will help me find a good job when I come back.A.win B. succeed C. gain D. achieve19.As he has _ our patience, well not wait for him any longer.A. consumed B. exhausted C. wasted D. torn20. Hu Jintao on Tuesday_ resuming（繼續(xù)）cross-strait talks on the basis of the "1992 Consensus" asearly as possible, to resolve pr