新目標(biāo)九年級英語 專題復(fù)習(xí) 完形填空

新目標(biāo)九年級英語 專題復(fù)習(xí) 完形填空新目標(biāo)九年級英語 專題復(fù)習(xí) 完形填空【考點(diǎn)掃描】“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。“完形填空”題要求填入的詞主要有：1. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。2. 具有語法變化的普通詞，如動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級等。3. 固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。4. 同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。5. 根據(jù)上、下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞?？梢姡晷翁羁帐且环N綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型。它的突出特點(diǎn)是起點(diǎn)高、容量大。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。一、中考英語完形填空題的常設(shè)考點(diǎn)由于完形填空題以考查文意為主，注重考查考生的邏輯判斷能力，所以完形填空題的常設(shè)考點(diǎn)主要集中在：1.注重對實(shí)詞的考查，特別是對動詞、動詞短語、名詞、形容詞、副詞等的考查；2.注重在具體的語境中考查詞語(特別是名詞、形容詞)的用法；3.對連詞進(jìn)行考查，考查考生對行文邏輯的掌握及對關(guān)聯(lián)詞的正確運(yùn)用。 完形填空題與單項(xiàng)填空題有著本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別：單項(xiàng)填空題側(cè)重于對語法知識的考查，而完形填空題則側(cè)重于對語用能力的考查，它更注重對語篇的理解，而不是對單個(gè)句子的理解。要想做好完形填空題必須始終注意對文章的理解和注意上下文的呼應(yīng)，這是完形填空題的做題原則。絕大多數(shù)完形填空題，只看單個(gè)的句子，有時(shí)所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語法角度來看都講得通，但是在具體的語篇中只能有一個(gè)正確答案。因此，看一空做一空的做法是不可取的，必須從語篇的角度來考慮所選答案。做題時(shí)一定要聯(lián)系上下文，從字里行間尋找隱藏信息，同時(shí)要善于根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)來進(jìn)行選擇：1.所給選項(xiàng)是不同的名詞，則要根據(jù)上下文的意思來判斷要用哪一個(gè)名詞的什么形式或者是否涉及固定搭配等來考慮；2. 所給選項(xiàng)是形容詞、副詞，則要根據(jù)上下文的意思或者其在句中的作用來確定，形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾動詞和形容詞；3.所給選項(xiàng)是同一動詞的不同形式，則要考慮空白處要求用什么時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)或哪種非謂語動詞形式；4. 所給選項(xiàng)是不同的動詞，考查的是語境中動詞的用法及意義，這時(shí)要從上下文來判斷或者從固定搭配方面來考慮；5. 所給選項(xiàng)是連詞，可以從上下文的意思、連詞的用法(含義)以及習(xí)慣搭配入手進(jìn)行選擇，and表并列，but表轉(zhuǎn)折，because, so, therefore表因果，though, although表讓步；6. 所給選項(xiàng)是代詞，則要從上下文的指代關(guān)系以及代詞的用法來考慮。 完形填空的解題方法1. 事實(shí)先決完形填空選項(xiàng)常從不同層次設(shè)置, 形成梯次，無對錯(cuò)之分， 只有程度不同。事實(shí)先決的作用是按程度將事實(shí)排隊(duì)，選出第一事實(shí)加以確認(rèn)。例1: And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new , dressed neatly.A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion【題解】選項(xiàng)Aroommate指同住宿舍一室的人。作者并非在教室等處首次遇到Amy, 故排除掉選項(xiàng)B classmate; 也并非在宿舍樓道等處首次遇到Amy, 故排除掉 選項(xiàng)Cneighbor, 至于選項(xiàng)Dcompanion(伙伴), 在邏輯順序上, 應(yīng)先有 classmate, 后有companion。例2: Finally I turned the key in the lock and the door open, with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried一般動作邏輯是:turn the key open the door push the door openforce the door open例a success.A. sisters B. friends C. students D. fellows【題解】 選項(xiàng)Asisters指法律承認(rèn)的姐妹關(guān)系; 選項(xiàng)Cstudents指經(jīng)過學(xué)校錄取成為學(xué)生, 不合文意。選項(xiàng)Dfellows指同伴, Amy and I would be friends 中的be, 相當(dāng)于become, 若與fellows連用, 顯然不合乎邏輯。2. 事實(shí)后決所謂 事實(shí)后決 是指在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)懸而難決的情形, 答案選項(xiàng)有可能是不曾知曉的表達(dá), 考生面對類似情形可用事實(shí)后決的方法解題, 即過濾掉明顯不合文意的選項(xiàng), 最后決定答案項(xiàng)。事實(shí)后決與排除法接近。例如：But , would there be a chair in Room 316?A. in fact B. by chance C. once more D. then again【題解】(1) but then again 這一表達(dá)并未出現(xiàn)在考綱詞匯表或中學(xué)教科書中?？忌鎸︻愃魄樾慰捎门懦ń忸}, 即過濾掉明顯不合文意的選項(xiàng)。就此題來說, 選項(xiàng)A =actually, 意為 事實(shí)上; 選項(xiàng)B意為偶然; 選項(xiàng)C 意為再次, 分別代入, 會發(fā)現(xiàn)與文意相去甚遠(yuǎn), 故排除。(2) but then again 為一表達(dá)法, 意思是although something is true, something else is also true which makes the first thing seem less important.例: I dont spend much, but then again I dont go out much.Hes clumsy(笨手笨腳的), but then again, hes always willing to help. but then again相當(dāng)于中文的可是話又說回來。3. 反比否定反比否定是指從選項(xiàng)相反意思的假設(shè)入手去印證該選項(xiàng)正確與否。 Finally I turned the key in the lock and the door open, with Dad still complaining(抱怨) about a hurting knee or something.A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried選項(xiàng)A、B含把門用力弄開, 意指門原本被牢牢關(guān)閉, 不易打開。在上下文無 特別交待的情形下, knock/force意指平時(shí)門都要在強(qiáng)力的作用下才能打開, 一般的open/push是打不開的, 這當(dāng)然有悖事理。若選用try the door open, 則意指平時(shí)門都要像首次打開如地宮之門那樣才能打開。4. 同比排除所謂同比排除是指從選項(xiàng)設(shè)置有可能存在相同性與答案則只能具有唯一性這一矛盾入手, 排除意同或類別同的選項(xiàng)。此一命題現(xiàn)象在完形填空中多有出現(xiàn)。例1: But to m , the room wasnt empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the walls.A. regret B. disappointment C. surprise D. knowledge【題解】(1) 選項(xiàng)Aregret意指使某人感到遺撼的是與選項(xiàng)Bdisappointment意指 使某人感到失望的是在干擾角度上相同, 可一并排除。(2) 作者打開房門后所看到的情形完全出乎意料, 故選用Csurprise。 例2:Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you must be Cori.” Then, she A. turned on B. turned down C. played D. enjoyed【題解】(1) 通過下文Amy邀請作者的父親喝冰茶 “Would you like a glass of iced tea?”可以斷定Amy是一位有禮貌的姑娘。與此相聯(lián)系的動作應(yīng)是turn down the music(把音樂的聲音關(guān)小)。(2) 選項(xiàng)A、D、C在干擾角度上相近。二、做此類題型時(shí)需要把握兩個(gè)原則：(1). 任何閱讀類題型都有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：看的遍數(shù)越多，對文章的把握就越到位。所以，文章最少要看兩遍。(2). 必須在原文中明確找出支持你做出選擇的句子或者段落。這樣做的好處是：可以避免僅僅憑感覺，而做出違背作者意圖或者故事發(fā)展的選項(xiàng)。如果找不到具體的句子或段落佐證選擇的話，那么選項(xiàng)也要符合文章的主旨大意、故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。完形填空的第一句一般是不留空的，并且第一句話很關(guān)鍵。在快速閱讀時(shí)要抓住全文或者段落的第一句或最后一句，它們往往是全文活全段的主題句，通過它們可以知道文章的題材、大意、時(shí)間、人物、事件等。另外在閱讀中要對其中的時(shí)間詞、動詞加以注意。1、文意型：context (上下文、語境) logic (邏輯)2、regular collocation(固定搭配)3、grammar analysis(語法分析)4、meaning of words (詞義)三、分類題型1. 文意型empty seats. man pushed him back to his seat.“Thank you,” he said, “but please dont do that, I can stand.”1. A. many B. some C. enough D. no （文意型）2. A. sit down B. get on C. set out D. stand up （文意型）Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night.1. A. east B. west C. south D. north（ 文意型 ） In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a trainstation. He was playing his _16_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual.16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. Sax When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _44_ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.44. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. LaterMy mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My ，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聾的）17. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head2. 習(xí)慣用法型Its Sunday. Some students are goingtheir way they saw a bus behind them1. A. to B. for C. on D. at （習(xí)慣用法型）2. A. On B. By C. At D. To （習(xí)慣用法型）When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at thelistener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention what he or she is speaking48. A. for B. of C. with D. toIn the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea that man.48. A. with B. to C. as D. of3. 詞義型A little cock lived near the river. One morning the little cock hisbeautiful clothes and went for a walk by the river. On his way he met a little duck.1. A. wore B. had on C. dressed D. put on (詞義型)4. 語法分析As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think Ill also make many good and live with them, because I dont like living alone.25. A. friend B. friends C. friends D. friendsWhat do we know about the sea? We that it looks very beautiful when the sun is shining it. We also learn that it can be very terrible when there is a strong wind. What things do we know about it?the map of the world. There is sea than land. The sea covers three-quarters of the .Some parts of the sea 淺). But some places are very deep. There is one place near Japan. It is nearly 11 kilometers deep. The mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If we put that mountain into the sea at that kilometers of water above it!The sea is salty. There is one sea called the Dead Sea. It is very salty. It is salty that swimming cannot sink! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea.1. A. know B. say C. hope D. wish ( 文意型 )2. A. in B. at C. on D. over (詞義型 )3. A. another B. other C. the other D. others ( 詞義型)4. A. Look after B. See C. Watch D. Look at ( 詞義型 )5. A. smaller B. fewer C. more D. less ( 文意型 )6. A. land B. world C. water D. mountain (文意型 )7. A. are B. is C. has been D. were ( 語法型 )8. A. longest B. oldest C. tallest D. highest ( 文意型 )9. A. 20 B. 2 C. 11 D. 9 (文意型 )10. A. much B. too C. so D. very (習(xí)慣用法型)【課堂演練】【2013湖北武漢】完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳答案?！癐m really thankful to our government, for it provides us with such a good training program. The training greatly helps us live well. I will certainly study hard and learn the skills. Then I my family difficulties and do good to other people.” a learner on the job training program said, feelingThe learners grandfather is nearly 80 years old, and has mother isin of the family. The family is exam. The job training program helps him learn the skills that hellin the work place.to catch lots of fish his fish with his his neighbors together and showed them how to fish. Everybody was very happy that they fish they themselves caught.At present, there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world. But its not to them. new skills. Therefore, a technical training is very important to people in need, and the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs.41. A. solve B. change C. study D. find42. A. surprised B. excited C. relaxed D. interested43. A. ill B. alone C. silent D. dangerous44. A. problem B. example C. relative D. support45. A. pass B. copy C. know D. mind46. A. repeat B. forget C. need D. test47. A. story B. learner C. family D. program48. A. afraid B. lucky C. sorry D. able49. A. shared B. cooked C. exchanged D. weighed50. A. easy B. great C. useless D. crazy51. A. drove B. stopped C. called D. searched52. A. feed B. save C. touch D. eat53. A. time B. fish C. food D. clothing54. A. Next B. Instead C. Luckily D.Especially55. A. pay B. give C. use D. make【主旨大意】作者寫一個(gè)在政府培訓(xùn)中的學(xué)習(xí)者的一段話，引出了一個(gè)故事，并講述了一個(gè)道理：授人以魚不如授人以漁。41.【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意為“我能解決我的家庭困難”。solve difficulties解決困難。42.【解析】考查形容詞辨析。一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)者，在培訓(xùn)中，說，并且感到很興奮。surprised 驚訝的；excited 興奮的；study學(xué)習(xí)；instead 代替 ，根據(jù)上文所說的話，43.【解析】考查語境理解和形容詞辨析。并且他的母親生病在床。be ill 生病。44.【解析】考查語境理解和名詞辨析。因此他的爸爸是家庭的主要支柱。support，支柱。其他的problem 問題example例子silent 安靜的 都不合適。45.【解析】考查動詞辨析。學(xué)習(xí)者從高中畢業(yè)沒有通過入學(xué)考試。pass，通過。46.【解析】考查上下文理解。這個(gè)工作項(xiàng)目幫助他學(xué)習(xí)他將知道的在工作地方的技巧。這是個(gè)定語從句，根據(jù)上下問，推知，此處用know。47.【解析】考查語境理解。這個(gè)故事讓我想起另外一個(gè)故事。根據(jù)下午內(nèi)容講述的是一個(gè)故事，48.【解析】考查短語辨析。并且能夠每天抓許多魚。be able to 能夠，其他不符題意。49. 【解析】考查短語搭配。因此他總是與那些不會捕魚的鄰居分享他的魚。share sth. with sb.與某人分享某物。50.【解析】考查語境理解和形容詞辨析。他認(rèn)為如果他叫他們怎樣釣魚的話，應(yīng)該很棒。Great 很棒，其他easy 簡單的；useless 沒用的； crazy 瘋狂的，都不符合題意。51.【解析】考查語境理解。因此他喊他的鄰居一起，并且向他們展示怎么捕魚。call 叫，喊。52.【解析】考查語境理解和動詞辨析。每個(gè)人都很快樂，他們能夠吃自己捕的魚。feed 喂養(yǎng)；save節(jié)約；挽救；touch接觸；都不符合句意。故選 eat 吃。53.【解析】考查語境理解。但是如果我們只給他們食物是不好的。54.B 【解析】考查副詞辨析。相反，我們應(yīng)該給他們學(xué)習(xí)新技巧的機(jī)會。Instead 相反Next接下來；Luckily 幸運(yùn)地；especially 尤其地 不符合題意。55.D 【解析】考查短語搭配。他們講學(xué)習(xí)賺錢的能力。make money 賺錢