Unit 4《Publia transport》課件（30張ppt）-Grammar and usage（牛津譯林版選修7）

Grammar and usage,Unit 4 Public transport,Verb-ing & verb-ed,Function as adjectives Function as adverbs,v-ing形式作定語(yǔ),單個(gè)的v-ing形式 developing countries = countries that are developing an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody,*常作前置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句,Verb-ing短語(yǔ) The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. They lived in a house facing south.,*常作后置定語(yǔ)，也相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句,某些情況下，定語(yǔ)不能用v-ing 形式，必須用定語(yǔ)從句。, 作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作要與主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如兩者不能同時(shí)發(fā)生的話，則需使用定語(yǔ)從句。,昨天來(lái)的教授將要給我們作一個(gè)講座。 【誤】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. 【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture., v-ing形式的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)，只作狀語(yǔ)。 被地震毀壞的廟宇很快就要重建了。 【誤】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.,v-ed形式作定語(yǔ),單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ) A watched pot never boils. 心急鍋不開。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 提 示 如表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，單個(gè)v-ed形式也可作后置定語(yǔ)。 Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。,*常作前置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句,Verb-ed短語(yǔ) We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author) The meeting, attended by 1,000 students, was a success. (= which was attended by 1,000 students),*常作后置定語(yǔ)，也相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句,v-ing & v-ed作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別,1及物動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)表示與被修飾名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，及物動(dòng)詞的-ed 形式表示與被修飾名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 The group called Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment. The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment.,2不及物動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行，而-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已完成，并不帶有被動(dòng)的含義。 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子 fallen leaves 落葉 an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯 a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人,V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)一致。在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常位于句末。,1 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. (= After we have made full preparations.) 2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill.) 3 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.),4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons. 5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this. 6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = .and stared at the sky for a long time,動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。但其動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)一致。,V-ed形式作狀語(yǔ),1 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. = When the city is seen from the tower. 有時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ed形式前可加連詞when, while等來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。 Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.,2 v-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. (= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .) 3 v-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Heated, water changes into steam. (= If water is heated.),4 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. (= Although they were exhausted by the running .),為了使-ed形式表示的條件、動(dòng)詞讓步意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。 Even if invited, I won't go. Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart. Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.,5 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)，通常位于句子的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。 The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. (= and he was surrounded ),Practice :,Tell the functions: Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. He went into the office, followed by many children.,時(shí)間,原因,讓步,伴隨,Part A in the textbook.,Different forms and functions,Different forms and functions,*,a meeting held yesterday a meeting being held now I found my watch being repaired when I got to the shop, so I had to wait. I found my watch repaired when I got to the ship, so I paid the worker and returned.,Summary,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及用法,Summary,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及用法,Homework,Workbook C1 & C 2,Thank you!,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,