（德州專(zhuān)）中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)11 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

第二部分第二部分 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破高效突破 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 1111 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 1 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)情況情況構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞例詞一般情況直接加sreadreads；loveloves以s，o，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾加espasspasses；boxboxes；teachteaches；washwashes以輔音字母y結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)閕，再加escarrycarries；studystudies不規(guī)則變化/havehas；beam/is/are2.2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly，never，every day，on Sunday，every evening，every month，once a week等。3 3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞連用。如：I often take a walk in the park.我經(jīng)常在公園里散步。These Tshirts are new.這些T恤是新的。(2)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理。如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽(yáng)東升西落。(3)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，I will go bike riding in the open air.如果明天不下雨，我將在戶外騎自行車(chē)。Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1 1一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)(2)be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)2.2.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則(1)規(guī)則變化情況情況構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞例詞一般情況加edwashwashed；helphelped以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾加dhopehoped；likeliked以輔音字母y結(jié)尾 變y為i，再加edcarrycarried；studystudies結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加edstopstopped；planplanned(2)不規(guī)則變化(見(jiàn)九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)課本P184附表)3 3一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，last month，two weeks ago，in 1987，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago等。4 4一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：What did you do yesterday？昨天你做了什么？I went swimming.我去游泳了。(2)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：When I was at middle school，I often went to school by bike.我讀中學(xué)時(shí)經(jīng)常騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1 1一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：如：I am going to Beijing next week.我打算下周去北京。It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨了。2 2一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next week，soon，in一段時(shí)間，in the future等。3 3一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：(1)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：They will go to the cinema tomorrow.他們明天去看電影。(2)表示將來(lái)的意愿、決心、許諾、命令。如：I will do my best to catch up with them。我將會(huì)盡最大的努力趕上他們。四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下表：情況情況構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞例詞一般情況加inglooklooking；workworking以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾去e，再加ingwritewriting；dancedancing以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)先雙寫(xiě)詞尾的字母再加ingbeginbeginning；swimswimming以ie結(jié)尾的詞變ie為y再加ingdiedying；lielying；tietying2.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或標(biāo)志詞：now，these days，at the moment，right now，look，listen等。3 3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。如：He is reading at the school library.他正在圖書(shū)館看書(shū)。(2)表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。如：Mr.Green is writing another novel these days.這些日子格林先生正在寫(xiě)另一本小說(shuō)。(3)已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來(lái)的活動(dòng)。類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞有：go，come，leave，stay，start，begin等。如：I am leaving for Qingdao next week.我打算下周去青島。五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1 1過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：be 動(dòng)詞(was/were)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。2 2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at seven oclock yesterday evening，at this time last night，at that moment，from seven to nine yesterday等。3 3過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法(1)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事情。如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday morning？昨天上午九點(diǎn)她在做什么？(2)在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：When I saw him，he was cleaning his room.當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候，他正在打掃房間。六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞2 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作3.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1)與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如：I have lived in this city for more than 40 years.我在這個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。(2)與already，never，ever，just，yet等副詞連用時(shí)，already，just多用在肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。如：I have already found my book.我已經(jīng)找到我的書(shū)了。(3)與表示包含過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：lately，recently，in the past few years，these few years，these days，up to now，so far等。如：The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在過(guò)去兩年時(shí)間里寫(xiě)了一本新書(shū)。Have you seen her parents these days？這些天你看見(jiàn)她的父母了嗎？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國(guó)的許多地方。4 4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成某一動(dòng)作并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果。常和already(肯定句)，yet(疑問(wèn)句)連用。如：I have already had a rest.我已經(jīng)休息了一會(huì)兒了。(2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過(guò)去并未完成或結(jié)束，而是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去，常和“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用。如：He has been away for two days.他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)兩天了?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 2 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成構(gòu)成例句例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)is/am/are動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞English is spoken by most people in the world.世界上很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞I was told to come early.我被告知要早來(lái)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The bridge will be finished in two weeks.這座橋?qū)⒃趦芍芎罂⒐?。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Lots of stars can be seen in the sky at night.晚上在天空中會(huì)看到很多星星?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 3 常見(jiàn)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)