江蘇新版牛津英語(yǔ)7B Unit 4 知識(shí)點(diǎn)
.wd.Unit 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)Comic strip1. Follow me, Eddie.跟著我,Eddie。follow (v.) 跟隨,后面直接跟表示人或事物的名詞作賓語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于come after。e.g: Spring follows winter.冬去春來(lái)。拓展 follow (v.) 效仿;理解;服從e.g: As students, we should follow the school rules.作為學(xué)生,我們應(yīng)該服從校規(guī)。He speaks too fast. I cant follow him.他說(shuō)得太快了。我聽不懂。提醒 follow形容詞為following,“接著的,以下的。e.g: Which of the following sentence is right?以下哪個(gè)句子是正確的2. Are you sure, Hobo?你確定嗎,Hobobe sure“確信,有把握,指有把握的判斷。常用短語(yǔ):be sure to do sth.肯定會(huì)做某事be sure of/about sth.確信某事,對(duì)某事有把握be sure + that從句對(duì)肯定/有把握e.g: You are sure to enjoy the film.你一定會(huì)喜歡這部電影的。Are you sure of the result?你對(duì)結(jié)果有把握嗎Im sure that smoking is not good for your health.我確信吸煙對(duì)你的安康無(wú)益。拓展 sure (adv.) 當(dāng)然可以,相當(dāng)于certainlye.g: -May I use your bike?-Sure./Certainly.-我可以用你的自行車嗎-當(dāng)然可以。3. Lets go down here.讓我們?cè)谶@兒向下走。go down下去;向下走 反:go up,常用來(lái)表示位置或價(jià)格的下降。down (adv.) 向下e.g: Is this lift going down?這部電梯是向下開的嗎拓展 go down還可表示“順著,沿著,此時(shí)down為介詞,意為“沿而下。e.g: Go down this street, and then turn right.沿著這條街道走,然后右拐。4. Dont be afraid.不要害怕。be afraid 害怕,擔(dān)憂afraid (adj.) 害怕的,擔(dān)憂的常用短語(yǔ):be afraid of (doing) sth.害怕做某事be afraid to do sth.因害怕而不敢做某事Im afraid + that從句恐怕e.g: Many people are afraid of tigers.許多人害怕老虎。Is your younger brother afraid of swimming.你弟弟害怕游泳嗎Im afraid to go out alone at night.我晚上不敢一個(gè)人出去。Im afraid (that) I cant help you.恐怕我?guī)筒涣四?。提?“Im afraid so. 表示 “恐怕情況是這樣的。語(yǔ)氣較委婉。e.g:-I hear Mr Wu is ill in hospital.-Im afraid so.Lets go and see him after school. -我聽說(shuō)吳教師生病住院了。-恐怕是這樣的,放學(xué)后我們?nèi)タ此伞?. Eddie,I think we have to go up again.Eddie,我認(rèn)為我們不得不再上去一次。have to不得不,必須;強(qiáng)調(diào)因客觀條件的制約而不得不去做某事,后接動(dòng)詞原形。e.g: We have to finish the work before supper. 我們不得不在晚飯前完成這項(xiàng)工作。辨析 have to與must詞條含義用法have to“必須,有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,否認(rèn)式dont have to表示“不必強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的需要must“必須,只有一種形式,否認(rèn)式mustnt表示“制止表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上的需要Welcome to the unit1. Lets go on a trip!讓我們?nèi)ヂ眯邪?!go on a trip去旅行= have a tripgo on.表示“去做e.g: Will the students go on an outing?學(xué)生們打算要出游嗎拓展 go on還可表示“繼續(xù),常用短語(yǔ)go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事。e.g: Im so tired that I cant go on learning.我太累了,不能再繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)了。2. Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School.陽(yáng)光動(dòng)物園在陽(yáng)光中學(xué)的北面。north(n.)北,北方固定構(gòu)造:be + 方位詞 + of. 表示“某地在另一地的方向,指范圍之外,且中間有一段距離。e.g: Our school is north of the post office.我們學(xué)校在郵局北面。拓展 north(n.)北方的;北部的e.g: There will be rain in North England tonight.今晚英國(guó)北部將有雨。辨析 方位名詞與介詞in,on,to連用時(shí)的區(qū)別詞條含義用法in+方位名詞在之內(nèi)強(qiáng)調(diào)某地在某一特定區(qū)域內(nèi)on+方位名詞在之外強(qiáng)調(diào)某地在某一特定區(qū)域外,且兩地相互接壤to+方位名詞在之外強(qiáng)調(diào)某地在某一特定區(qū)域外,且兩地不相連,隔著相望cinemaschoolschoolhillschooltreee.g: The tree is in the north of the school.那棵樹在學(xué)校的北部。The hill is on the north of the school.山在學(xué)校的北方。The cinema is to the north the school.電影院在學(xué)校的北方。Reading1. Hi, everybody.大家好。everybody代詞,意為“每人,人人,相當(dāng)于everyone,在句中用作單數(shù),代指每一個(gè)人。e.g: Not everybody likes this book.并不是每個(gè)人都喜歡這本書。提醒 當(dāng)everybody作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Everybody here comes from American.這兒的每個(gè)人都來(lái)自美國(guó)。2. Go straight on, and youll find the Panda House.直走,然后你將會(huì)找到熊貓屋。straightadv.徑直地,常與動(dòng)詞come,go,walk等連用。e.g: Come straight home after school.放學(xué)后直接回家。拓展 straight還可作形容詞,意為“直的,筆直的。e.g: Draw a straight line on the paper.在紙上畫一條直線。提醒 straight的形容詞和副詞都是straight,沒有其他形式。類似的詞有:hard(adj.)困難的hard(adv.)努力地high(adj.)高的high(adv.)高地deep(adj.)深的deep(adv.)深深地3. They like to eat bamboo and lie down all day long.他們喜歡吃竹子,而且躺著一整天。(1) bamboo(n.)竹子,泛指一般的竹子時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞;特指某些竹子或強(qiáng)調(diào)竹子的種類時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞;表示“竹材時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞;表示“竹竿;竹棍時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。e.g: Bamboo is not a tree, but a kind of grass.竹子不是樹,而是一種草。The piece of bamboo makes a musical sound.這塊竹片能發(fā)出悅耳的音樂聲。拓展 bamboo可用于其他名詞前作定語(yǔ),常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ):bamboo shoots竹筍;bamboo leaves竹葉;bamboo chairs竹椅。(2) all day long整天地,long副詞,用在表示一段時(shí)間的名詞之后,起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。e.g: They work hard all day long.他們整天努力工作。拓展 類似的短語(yǔ)有:all month long 整月; all year long 整年4. Walk along the road.沿著這條馬路走。辨析 road, street與way詞條含義用法road路,道路指可供人或車輛通行的較為廣闊、平坦的“公路,馬路,含義較為具體street街道指兩側(cè)有房屋或商店等建筑物的城鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的“街道way路;路線指到達(dá)目的地必須經(jīng)過(guò)的途徑,含義較為抽象5. Remember that theyre dangerous.記住他們是不安全的。(1)remember(v.)記得,記住,后跟名詞、代詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。反義詞為forget(忘記).e.g:-Do you still remember me?-Sorry. I dont remember your name.-你還記得我嗎-對(duì)不起,我不記得你的名字了。辨析 remember to do sth.與remember doing sth.短語(yǔ)含義用法remember to do sth.記得要做某事強(qiáng)調(diào)事情還沒做remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事強(qiáng)調(diào)事情是以前做過(guò)的e.g: Remember to bring your book here tomorrow.記得明天把你的書帶過(guò)來(lái)。I remember seeing you before.我記得以前見過(guò)你。提醒 forget與remember的用法類似。(2) dangerous(adj.)不安全的,在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。反義詞為safe安全的。e.g: Its dangerous to play with fire.玩火是不安全的。拓展 dangerous的詞型變化及其相應(yīng)的反義詞:danger(n.)safetydangerous (adj.) safedangerously (adv.) safely6. Monkeys are clever and funny.猴子們又聰明又有趣。funny(adj.) fun(n.) 有趣的事,為不可數(shù)名詞e.g: Reading is fun.閱讀是件有趣的事。7. They jump around and make people laugh.他們到處跳,使得人們大笑。(1) laugh (v.)笑,大笑,發(fā)笑常用短語(yǔ)laugh at sb.“嘲笑某人e.g: The guests all laughed loudly.客人們都大聲地笑了。Dont laugh at the poor.不要嘲笑窮人。(2) make people laugh為“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)造,即:make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。make使役動(dòng)詞,后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式即動(dòng)詞原形作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。e.g: The strange noise makes him feel frightened at night.奇怪的聲音使他晚上感到害怕。拓展 后接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:一感feel,二聽hear,listen to,三讓let,make,have,四看watch,see,notice,look at。提醒 有些動(dòng)詞那么必須跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:ask/tell/want sb. to do sth.要求/告訴/想要某人做某事。8. Theyre quite tall.他們非常高。quite副詞,“相當(dāng),非常,位于形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)前作狀語(yǔ)。e.g: The film is quite interesting.這部電影相當(dāng)有趣。拓展 類似quite只修飾原級(jí)的副詞有very, too, so等。9. Cross the bridge, and youll see the elephants.穿過(guò)橋,你將會(huì)看到大象。辨析 cross與across詞條含義用法cross動(dòng)詞,意為“穿過(guò)單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),直接跟賓語(yǔ)across介詞,意為“穿過(guò)不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),要和表示“走的動(dòng)詞walk, run, fly, jump等連用,此時(shí)相當(dāng)于crosse.g: Be careful when you cross the road. = Be careful when you walk across the road. 過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候要小心。提醒 crossing名詞,意為“穿插處,十字路口。Grammar1. 冠詞a/an/the冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。不定冠詞a/an常用來(lái)泛指某個(gè)人或物,定冠詞the常用來(lái)指特定的某個(gè)人或物。(1) 不定冠詞a/ana/an用于表示“一的概念,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念。我們?cè)诘谝淮翁岬侥橙嘶蚰澄飼r(shí),如果是可數(shù)名詞單詞,常在其前加不定冠詞a/an?!癮/an+單數(shù)名詞表示“一個(gè)或“某一。表示“一個(gè),相當(dāng)于one,指某人或某物。e.g: I have a new computer.我有一臺(tái)新電腦。代表一類人或物。e.g: A knife is a tool for cutting things.刀是用來(lái)切東西的工具。用于一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。e.g: alot of許多;a little少量;a kind of一類。提醒 以輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a,以元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用an,元音音素不等同于元音字母。e.g: I want a pear. I dont want an apple.我想要一個(gè)梨。我不想要一個(gè)蘋果。(2) 定冠詞the定冠詞the用在談到之前提過(guò)的某人或某物前,或特指某些人或物,使其區(qū)別于同類的其他人或事物,相當(dāng)于this, that, these, those, 可以與可數(shù)名詞連用,也可與不可數(shù)名詞連用。一般用法有:用于表達(dá)上文已提及的人或事物。e.g: I have a new bike. The bike is a birthday present from my uncle. 我有一輛新自行車。這輛車是我叔叔送我的生日禮物。用于表示談話雙方都知道的人或事物。e.g: He is waiting for me at the school gate.他正在學(xué)校門口等我。用于序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前。e.g: This is the first time for me to visit Beijing.這是我第一次去北京旅行。Eddie wants to live next to the biggest restaurant in Beijing.Eddie想住在北京最大的餐館旁邊。用于世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。e.g: The Earth moves around the Sun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。用于方位名詞前。e.g: Jiangsu is in the east of China.江蘇位于中國(guó)東部。用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。Were going to visit the Great Wall.我們打算去游覽長(zhǎng)城。用于樂器名詞前。e.g: He cant play football, but he can play the violin.他不會(huì)踢足球,但是他會(huì)拉小提琴。與一些形容詞連用,表示一類人,是復(fù)數(shù)概念。e.g: In China, the old live a happy life.在中國(guó),老人們過(guò)著幸福的生活。用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前,表示一家人,是復(fù)數(shù)概念。e.g: The Greens are having afternoon tea at present.此刻,格林一家正在喝下午茶。用于一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)種。in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上in the middle of .在的中間2. 方位介詞常用的方位介詞歸類:詞條含義用法at, in在at + 小地點(diǎn);in + 大地點(diǎn)between在之間表示兩者之間,而表示在三者或三者以上的之間,要用amongabove, over, on在上方above表示“高于某物,反義詞為below;over表示“在垂直的正上方不接觸外表,反義詞為under;on表示“在某一平面上相互接觸beside, next to在旁邊兩者可互換inside在里面反義詞為outside,“在外面in front of在的前面表示“在某物外部的前面,反義詞為behind; in the front of表示“在某物內(nèi)部的前面,反義短語(yǔ)為at the back ofIntegrated skills1. Walk past the house, turn left and walk along the path next to the river. 經(jīng)過(guò)房子后向左轉(zhuǎn),然后沿著河邊的小路走。walk past“經(jīng)過(guò),相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞pass;期中past是介詞,意為“經(jīng)過(guò),超過(guò)。e.g: I walk past the Xinhua Bookshop on my way to school.我在上學(xué)的路上經(jīng)過(guò)新華書店。辨析 past與pass詞條含義用法past介詞,意為“經(jīng)過(guò);超過(guò)與動(dòng)詞walk,go,run等連用作謂語(yǔ)pass動(dòng)詞,意為“經(jīng)過(guò);傳遞指在人或物面前或旁邊經(jīng)過(guò),可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)使用2. Take the second turning on the right. 在第二個(gè)拐彎處右轉(zhuǎn)。此句型構(gòu)造為“Take + the + 序數(shù)詞 + turning on the left/right.,相當(dāng)于“Turn left/right at the + 序數(shù)詞 + turning.。turning名詞,意為“轉(zhuǎn)彎處,動(dòng)詞為turn,表示“轉(zhuǎn),拐彎。e.g: Take the first turning on the left. = Turn left at the first turning.在第一個(gè)拐彎處向左拐。提醒 turning一般指拐彎處,而表示十字路口要用crossing,意為“穿插路口。3. Walk straight on, and youll see the traffic lights.直走,然后你將看到紅綠燈。traffic名詞,意為“交通,來(lái)往車輛,為不可數(shù)名詞。e.g: His left knee was hurt in a traffic accident.他的左膝在一次交通事故中受傷了。There is too much traffic on the roads.道路上來(lái)往車輛很多。拓展 traffic常構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ):traffic lights紅綠燈traffic accident 交通事故traffic jam 交通堵塞traffic rules 交通規(guī)那么4. Then youll see Sunny Garden at the corner of the street.然后你將會(huì)看到在街角的陽(yáng)光花園。corner(n.)拐角,街角;角落at the corner of . 在的拐角處e.g: When you get to the corner of the street, youll see a cinema. 當(dāng)你來(lái)到街道的拐角處,你就會(huì)看到一家電影院。Task1. My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us. 我的父母將為我們準(zhǔn)備大量的食物和飲料。(1) prepare(v.)準(zhǔn)備,相當(dāng)于get ready,固定短語(yǔ)prepare . for . 為準(zhǔn)備,相當(dāng)于get ready for .。e.g: The students are preparing for a school trip.學(xué)生們正在為學(xué)校旅行做準(zhǔn)備。拓展 prepare to do sth.表示“準(zhǔn)備做某事。e.g: I prepare to go shopping with Kate at the weekend.周末我準(zhǔn)備和凱特去購(gòu)物。(2) plenty of大量的,充足的,既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,一般用于肯定句中,相當(dāng)于a lot of或lots of,在否認(rèn)句或疑問句中多用many或much替代。e.g: There are plenty of books in the school library.學(xué)校圖書館里有許多書。My boss has plenty of money.我的老板有許多人民幣。2. Get out at Exit A.在A出口出去。exit(n.)出口,復(fù)數(shù)為exits。反義詞為entrance 入口。e.g: Can you find the exit?你能找到出口嗎Excuse me, where is the entrance?打攪一下,請(qǐng)問入口在哪里提醒 表示“一個(gè)出口/入口要用an exit/entrance,冠詞為an。