（湖南專用）（新課標(biāo)）高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)方案 專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)22 史地自然型閱讀理解

專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十二)史地自然型閱讀理解(限時(shí)：25分鐘)(一)The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years，Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten­year civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸鹽)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine was not a hole in the ground；it was a strip mine.When a company strip­mined，it removed the top layer of soil.Then it took away the material it wanted.Strip mining totally destroyed the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.1What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?ATo seek help for Nauru's problems.BTo give a warning to other countries.CTo show the importance of money.DTo tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?ARich and powerful.BModern and open.CPeaceful and attractive.DGreedy and aggressive.3The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from_Asoil pollutionBphosphate overminingCfarming activityDwhale hunting4Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?AIts leaders misused the money.BIt spent too much repairing the island.CIts phosphate mining cost much money.DIt lost millions of dollars in the civil war.5What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?AThe ecological damage is difficult to repair.BThe leaders will take the experts' words seriously.CThe island was abandoned by the Nauruans.DThe phosphate mines were destroyed.(二)If you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do，too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“It's a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red­eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果凍一樣的塊狀物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(懸掛)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.If hatching early helps protect red­eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.1It can be inferred from the passage that fears_Ahelp animals grow bigger and strongerBare less common among young animalsChelp animals move a lot to fit the environmentDare more or less important for animals to survive2We are told in the passage that tree frogs_Aface danger both inside their eggs and in the waterBwill grow fast if they fall into the water laterCare surprisingly clever when inside their eggsDstay in their eggs longer if they are frightened3Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because_Athey like falling into the water earlyBthey want to grow into adult frogsCthey sense a hungry snake is about to attackDfrog embryos can grow strong4What is the best title of the passage?AWhat is fear?BWhy do we feel afraid?CYou feel afraid；animals do, tooDFear is a good thing5What would be discussed in the following paragraph?AFurther explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.BHow the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.CAnother example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.DHow tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.(三)Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco­friendly rain gardens(雨水花園) are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby. A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco­friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸入)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco­friendly “green” way to treat storm water.What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establish the necessary root system, it will require little care.Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don't need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you're eco­conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.1Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?A. They are good for living conditions. B. They increase pollution.C. They can beautify the community. D. They improve the environment.2Which of the following is the eco­friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?A. They can keep the rain and storm water. B. They can help reduce the pollution problem.C. They can be healthy for the people around. D. They can make the environment more beautiful.3One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that _.A. they cost less and are much easier to get B. they may attract local wildlife to comeC. they require little care from the local gardener D. they are more used to the local growing conditions4What do we know about rain gardens?A. They need little water after all the plants are planted.B. They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.CThey may attract local birds and change the local climate.D. They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.5. Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. Homeowners. B. Students. C. Engineers. D. Educators.專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十二)(一)【要點(diǎn)綜述】 文章主要講述了太平洋島國(guó)瑙魯如何從一個(gè)環(huán)境優(yōu)美的天堂島變成一個(gè)生態(tài)失衡、滿目瘡痍的小島。1B 寫作意圖題。由文章第一段的“Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.”可以看出，作者的目的是給當(dāng)前很多只注重發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)而忽略環(huán)境保護(hù)的國(guó)家一個(gè)警告。故選B項(xiàng)。2. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段提到的“太平洋上的國(guó)家瑙魯島曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)美麗的地方”看出，瑙魯島是attractive；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年來，瑙魯島的人們生活在偏遠(yuǎn)的小島上，過著平靜的生活。故選C項(xiàng)。3B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可以得知“磷酸鹽逐漸減少，開采殆盡”。由此可以看出，“磷酸鹽的過量開采”導(dǎo)致了生態(tài)災(zāi)難。故選B項(xiàng)。4A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“Unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”看出，是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不正確使用資金導(dǎo)致了財(cái)政問題。故選A項(xiàng)。5A 推理判斷題。文章最后告訴我們：Experts say that it would take approximately $433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.也就是說，瑙魯島上的生態(tài)損失彌補(bǔ)起來需要大量的資金和時(shí)間，即選項(xiàng)所說的“修復(fù)起來很難”。故選A項(xiàng)。(二)【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文主要論述的是恐懼是人類和動(dòng)物常見的一種現(xiàn)象，有時(shí)恐懼是一件好事。動(dòng)物對(duì)于恐懼的反應(yīng)是不同的，有些反應(yīng)方式甚至超乎人們的想象。1D推理判斷題。根據(jù)“because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。2A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them，too.”可知，它們?cè)诜趸陂g害怕蛇的攻擊，在水里害怕被其他動(dòng)物吃掉。故選A項(xiàng)。3C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因?yàn)閷?duì)它們有威脅的蛇不會(huì)游泳，所以提前孵化出來，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能夠逃離蛇的攻擊了。故選C項(xiàng)。4D主旨大意題。文章通過舉例說明害怕是一件好事。故選D項(xiàng)。5C篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然這是舉例，有了第一個(gè)例子，那么它的后面還會(huì)有例子。故選C項(xiàng)。(三)【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文主要介紹了環(huán)境友好型的雨水花園是如何運(yùn)作的。1B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句“What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花園不會(huì)增加污染，故B項(xiàng)有誤。由第一段“Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco­friendly rain gardens(雨水花園) are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.”可知，雨水花園可以美化社區(qū)、改善環(huán)境以及對(duì)居住環(huán)境有益，為環(huán)境友好型花園，故A、C、D三項(xiàng)正確。2B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句“What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花園可以幫助減少污染。3D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第一、二句“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions.”可知，建議種本地的植物是因?yàn)楸镜氐闹参锔m應(yīng)本地的環(huán)境。4B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第三句“Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.”可知，雨水花園需要一個(gè)星期一英寸的雨水。5A推理判斷題。由本文最后一句“As long as you're eco­conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.”可知本文主要是寫給房主的。