美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)

The Age Of ModernismFrom team 1 0 Time The modernism period in America literature lasted from 1 9 1 4 to 1 9 4 5 with the first world war as a starting point and the second world war ending point.Surely, it also experienced the 1 9 3 0 s economic depression. 美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義時(shí)期以一戰(zhàn)為起點(diǎn)，經(jīng)歷了大蕭條一直延續(xù)到二戰(zhàn)。 Background1 . Economy2 . The World War I3 . Cultural Background Economy After the first world war, there was a booming industry and material prosperity. However,the outbrust of the finacial crisis was a great disaster.The whole capitalist countrues was struck by catastrophy. 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后，美國(guó)的工業(yè)快速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。但是1 9 2 9年爆發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)卻給予美國(guó)以及整個(gè)資本主義世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)以重創(chuàng)。 The World War I As a result of the First World War,Social breakdown and individual powerlessness and hopelessness became part of the American experience.There was a decline in moral standard and this period was best described as a spiritual wasteland. There was the loss of faith. People lived a purposeless and chaotic life. 一戰(zhàn)后，社會(huì)崩潰，人們感到絕望和無(wú)力，道德底線(xiàn)下降。這一時(shí)期是美國(guó)精神的荒原，人們失去了信仰，過(guò)著無(wú)意義的混沌的生活。 Cultural Background A list of philosophical theories were widely spread in American. Marxism 馬克思理論 Freuds psychoanalysis弗洛伊德的心理分析 William Jamess stream of consciousness theory 威廉詹姆斯的意識(shí)流學(xué)說(shuō) Archetypal symbol榮格的原型象征理論 Cultural Influence Those theories had great pact on the writers of American modernism period. They pay special attention to the inner world of people.During this period the most compelling literature movement is the writers self exile,also known as “the second American Renaissance”. 這些理論對(duì)美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義作家的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。他們特別注重對(duì)人們的內(nèi)心世界的挖掘。這一時(shí)期最引人注目的文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)就是作家的自我流放，也稱(chēng)“第二次美國(guó)文藝復(fù)興”。 Characteristics1 . Contradictory 矛盾性2 . Arrangement 排列性3 . Optional 隨意性4 . No continuity 不連貫性5 . Extreme stretch of metaphor 比喻的極度引伸6 . The combination of fiction and fact 虛構(gòu)與事實(shí)的結(jié)合7 . Absurd 荒誕的 PoetryEzra Pound 埃茲拉龐德Robert Frost 羅伯特弗羅斯特Wallace Stevens 華萊士史蒂文斯 Ezra Pound 埃茲拉龐德 (1 8 8 51 9 7 2 )The father of modern American poetryThe father of Imagist poetry美國(guó)現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)始人意象派詩(shī)歌之父The Cantos詩(shī)章 In a Station of the Metro地鐵站里 Robert Frost羅伯特弗羅斯特（1 8 7 4 -1 9 6 3）Fire and Ice火與冰The Road Not taken未選擇的道路North of Boston波士頓之北 Wallace Stevens 華萊士史蒂文斯（1 8 7 9 -1 9 5 5）Harmonium風(fēng)琴The Man With the Blue Guitar彈藍(lán)吉他的人Sunday Morning星期天早晨 NovelFrancis Scott Key Fitzgerald弗朗西斯斯科特基菲茨杰拉德Ernest Hemingway 歐內(nèi)斯特海明威William Faulkner 威廉福克納 Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald弗朗西斯斯科特基菲茨杰拉德The Great Gatsby了不起的蓋茨比The Side of Paradise人間天堂Tender is the Night夜色溫柔 William Faulkner威廉?？思{(1 8 9 71 9 6 2 )The Sound and the Fury憤怒與喧囂As I Lay Dying我彌留之際Go Down Moses 去吧，摩西 Ernest Hemingway歐內(nèi)斯特海明威(1 8 9 91 9 6 1 )The representative of the lost generationPulitzer PrizeNoble Prize The Old Man and the Sea老人與海For Whom the Bell Tolls喪鐘為誰(shuí)而鳴The Sun Also Rises太陽(yáng)照常升起 About Hemingway And His Works Because most of his works take the war as background, describe the pains and hurt the war brings to human being,and reflect a younger generations aimlessness and loss of the beliefs after the World War I,these works immediately won the responses from many people who survived the war physically but were afterwards spiritually and morally adrift.Then,Hemingway became the spokesman for what was called “The Lost Generation”. 因?yàn)楹Ｃ魍淖髌反蠖嘁砸粦?zhàn)為背景，描述的是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)的痛苦和傷害，反映了第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后年輕一代的盲目性和信仰的喪失，因此很快贏(yíng)得了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中精神世界和道德世界坍塌的幸存者們的反響。他成為了“迷惘的一代”的代表人物。