2019-2020年高中英語 Unit21 HUMAN BIOLOGY單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版選修6.doc

2019-2020年高中英語 Unit21 HUMAN BIOLOGY單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版選修61. circulate vi. 循環(huán)經(jīng)典例句 The blood circulates round the body so that we can get oxygen.血液在體內(nèi)循環(huán), 因此，我們能夠得到氧氣。考點(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞： circulation n. 循環(huán), 流通；circulative adj. 循環(huán)的, 促進(jìn)循環(huán)的2）近義詞： recycle v. 使再循環(huán)3）circulate vi. 循環(huán)，環(huán)流。如：The ocean water circulates in the same way every year.海水每以相同的方向流動。4）circulate vi. 散布；流傳；擴(kuò)散。如：Rumors circulated rapidly.謠言迅速散布開來。5）circulate vi. 隨意地到處走動。如：The prince circulated from group to group at the party.王子在宴會中穿梭于人群之間。6）常用短語：circulate about 在附近流傳circulate among 在中流傳circulate around 環(huán)繞旋轉(zhuǎn)circulate . . . through 使在中循環(huán)2. digest vt. 消化經(jīng)典例句 You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest.飯后你應(yīng)該留點(diǎn)時間讓食物消化?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞： digestible adj. 易消化的，易理解的;digestion n. 消化。2）digest，常接表示“食物”的名詞作賓語。如：Humans cannot digest plants such as grass.人不能消化像草一樣的植物。3）digest vt. 領(lǐng)會，領(lǐng)悟。如：I have digested most of the important points in the book.我領(lǐng)悟了書中大部分要點(diǎn)。4）digest作“摘要，文摘”講時，是可數(shù)名詞。如：The old man is reading a monthly news digest.這位老人正在讀每月新聞?wù)；顚W(xué)活用1. 單句改錯。Reading without reflecting is like eating without digest. _答案:digest改為digesting3. enhance vt. 增加，提高巧記提示 en-（加強(qiáng)語氣，變成）hance（拱起）經(jīng)典例句 Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.通過了英語考試將會增加你獲得這個職位的機(jī)會。Beautiful coloured illustrations enhanced the book.漂亮的彩色插圖使這本書更具吸引力?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：enhancement n. 增進(jìn), 增加；enhancer n. 增加者, 加強(qiáng)者；enhanciveadj. 增加的, 加強(qiáng)的。2）enhance vt. 增加（能力），提高（成績）。如：Some drugs can enhance sportsmens performance.一些藥品能夠增強(qiáng)運(yùn)動員的能力。3）enhance vt. 增加(價值, 品質(zhì), 吸引力等)Health enhances beauty.健康使人顯得更美。活學(xué)活用2. 漢譯英。這是提高公司聲譽(yù)的機(jī)會。_答案:This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the pany.4. tolerate vt. 容忍巧記提示 toler(忍耐)-ate（動詞后綴）經(jīng)典例句 The drummer could not tolerate what his boss said and left without a word.那鼓手再也忍受不了他老板的話，沒有留下一句話，就離開了?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1)派生詞：toleration n. 忍受2)tolerate vt. 忍受, 容忍，常用于否定句。如：I dont know how you tolerate that noise!我不知道你怎么能忍受那樣的噪音。Few plants will tolerate sudden changes in temperature.很少有植物經(jīng)受住氣溫的突然變化。3) tolerate后接動名詞，但不接不定式。如：She refused to tolerate being called a liar.她拒不接受被稱為撒謊者。活學(xué)活用3. 用括號中詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Our teacher wont_（ tolerate）any cheating on exams.2)This sort of behavior will not be （ tolerate）_.答案:1)tolerate 2)tolerated5. annual adj. 每的， 一一次的, 度的經(jīng)典例句 The old couples annual outgoing is to go to the seaside.這對老婦每一次的旅游是到海邊去。The annual rings of the trees can tell us how old the tree is.輪能夠告訴我們這棵樹長了多少了?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1) annual adj. 每的， 一一次的, 度的。如：Their annual happy day is their wedding anniversary.他們每中最幸福的日子是結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日。2）annually adv. 一一次, 每，作頻率狀語。如：How soon do you go to see your son?Annually.你們多長時間去看一次兒子？一一次。活學(xué)活用4. 完成句子。His_（每）ine is $2 000 while the expense for his car takes up half of it.答案:annual6. oppose vt. 反對經(jīng)典例句 He bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.他強(qiáng)烈反對移居國外。考點(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：opposite adj. 相對的, 對面的;opposability n. 可反對, 對抗性;opposable adj. 可反對的;opposed adj. 反對的, 敵對的; opposeless adj. 難抵抗的, 無可反駁的2）固定原理：sb. be opposed to sth. / doing sth. 某人反對某事。如：I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反對與他人一起外出購物。He is strongly opposed to the plan.他強(qiáng)烈反對這一計劃。3）常見短語：oppose A against /to B把A與B相對照或相比oppose oneself to反對as opposed to與相對；與成對比4)辨析：oppose，object和resistoppose，object和 resist三者都含“反對”的意思。oppose為常用詞, 指“對某人、某事采取積極行動來反對”, 著重指動作, 尤指“反對一種觀念、思想、計劃等”。如:The father opposed to his sons marriage.父親反對兒子的婚事。object常指“用言論或論據(jù)等表示反對”, 著重指“個人嫌厭”和“提出反對意見”。如:I objected to his plan.我反對他的計劃。resist指“積極地反抗、對抗”“用武力阻止的前進(jìn)”，如:The villagers were resisting the enemy.村民們正在抵抗敵人?；顚W(xué)活用5. 翻譯。我將反對改變這個法規(guī)。_答案:I would oppose changing the law.7. contradict vt. 與（其他事物）相矛盾經(jīng)典例句 Your actions contradict your declared moral principles.你的行為違背了你宣稱的道德準(zhǔn)則?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：contradiction n. 反駁, 矛盾；contradictious adj. 吹毛求疵的。2）同義詞：oppose vt. 反對。3)contradict vt. 同矛盾；同抵觸。Your actions contradict what you said.你的行為與你說的相矛盾。4）contradict vt. 反駁；否認(rèn)；頂嘴。如：Its difficult to contradict someone politely.彬彬有禮地駁斥別人是難以做到的?；顚W(xué)活用6. The facts_ his theory so we had to do the experiment again.A. contradictedB. to be abusedC. enhancedD. to be tolerate答案:A8. violate vt. 違犯, 違反經(jīng)典例句 The driver was punished for violating the traffic laws.那位司機(jī)因為違犯交通規(guī)則而受懲罰?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：violation n. 違反, 違背; violative adj. 違反的, 違背的; violator n. 違犯者。2）同義詞：break v. 打破, 違犯。3）violate vt. 違犯, 違反（諾言、條約、法律、良心等）。如：He often violates his promise so that we wont believe in him.他經(jīng)常失約，我們將不再相信他。4）violate vt. 騷擾（睡眠、安寧等）。如：The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning.炮聲破壞了平常星期日早晨的寧靜。活學(xué)活用7. 漢譯英。凡是犯法的人必將受到法律的制裁。_答案:Whoever violates the law will be punished.9. plicated adj. 復(fù)雜的巧記提示 plicate(復(fù)雜的)-d (形容詞后綴)經(jīng)典例句 puter is a plicated machine.電腦是復(fù)雜的機(jī)器。This problem is very plicated but Ill try to explain it.這個問題很復(fù)雜，但是我將盡量解釋它。考點(diǎn)聚焦1) 派生詞：plicate v. 使復(fù)雜化；plication n. 使更復(fù)雜化的事物。2）反義詞：simple adj. 簡單的。3) plicated adj. 復(fù)雜的；難解的。如：That puzzle is too plicated for the children.這個謎語對兒童來說太難了。活學(xué)活用8. It is difficult for me to answer such _ questions.A. fundamentalB. pletedC. plicatedD. pulsory答案:C10. interpret vt. 翻譯，解釋經(jīng)典例句 She couldnt speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.她講不了幾句英語，所以她的孩子們得給她翻譯。Her evidence suggests a different interpretation of the events leading to his death.她的證據(jù)對導(dǎo)致他死亡的事又提出了不同的解釋?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）同義詞：translate vt. 翻譯2）近義詞：explain vt. 解釋3）派生詞： interpretress n. 女翻譯員， interpreter n. 解釋者， interpretation n. 解釋, 口譯4）固定搭配：interpret sth. for sb. 為某人翻譯。如：I couldnt speak German so I asked Maria to interpret for me in the shop.我不會說德語，所以在商店里我請瑪麗亞給我翻譯。I didnt know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.我不知道把她的沉默看作是接受還是拒絕。5) interpret vt. 理解為，常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語，interpret. . . as. . . 把當(dāng)作。如：We interpreted his silence as disagreement.我們把這沉默看作是不同意?；顚W(xué)活用9. 單項填空。Would you like me to_ for you?A. interpretedB. interpretsC. interpretD. interpreting答案:C11. identify vt. 認(rèn)出；識別經(jīng)典例句 I identified the jacket at once; it was my brothers.我立即認(rèn)出了那件外套, 它是我兄弟的。The markings are not clear so that it is difficult to identify. 標(biāo)記模糊不清，難以識別。考點(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：identifiable adj. 可以確認(rèn)的；identifiableness n. 可認(rèn)明, 可證實(shí)為相同。2）同義詞：recognize vt. 認(rèn)可, 承認(rèn)。3）近義詞：distinguish vt. 區(qū)別。4）identify vt. 認(rèn)出；識別，常接表示“人或物”的名詞作賓語。如：The porters may be identified by their red caps.從他們戴的紅帽子就可辨認(rèn)出他們是行李搬運(yùn)工。His job is to identify handwriting.他的工作是鑒定筆跡。5）identify oneself with支持;參與;與密切結(jié)合;和打成一片?；顚W(xué)活用10. 漢譯英。她認(rèn)出了襲擊她的人。_答案:She was able to identify her attacker.12. privileged adj. 榮幸的經(jīng)典例句 We are privileged to wele you as our speaker this evening.我們榮幸地歡迎您今晚來講演。考點(diǎn)聚焦1）privileged adj. 榮幸的，有特權(quán)的。如：We are privileged tonight to have Chairman of the mittee of Foreign Affairs as our distinguished guest.今晚我們非常榮幸, 請到外交事務(wù)委員會主席作為我們的貴賓。2) privilege n. (個人的)恩典, 殊榮It is a great privilege to know you.認(rèn)識你真是莫大的榮幸。Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society.在一個現(xiàn)代社會中, 受教育不應(yīng)該被看成是一種特權(quán)?；顚W(xué)活用11. I was _ to be asked to speak at the meeting.A. privilegingB. to privilegeC. privilegeD. privileged答案:D13. postpone vt. 推遲，延期經(jīng)典例句 We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.我們把比賽從3月5日推遲到3月19日舉行。They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天氣變化，他們決定延期起程?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：postponer n. 延遲者2）同義詞：delay v. 耽擱，延遲3）postpone vt. 推遲，延期，常接動名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如：We had to postpone the sports meeting because of the sandstorm.因為沙塵暴，我們不得不把比賽推遲了。4）postpone vt. 把放在次要地位。例如：It is a good moral to postpone private gain to the public welfare.把個人利益置于公眾福利之后是種美德。5) postpone, delay, put off后面接動名詞，不能跟不定式。6）常用短語：be postponed for an hour延遲一小時be postponed because of rain因雨延期活學(xué)活用12. 用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)They postponed _（send）an answer to a request.2)The concert has_(be)postponed to Saturday.答案:1)sending2)been14. prohibit vt. 禁止經(jīng)典例句 Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials.在處理易爆物時, 嚴(yán)格禁止吸煙?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：prohibition n. 禁止, 阻止；prohibiter n. 禁止者, 阻止者2）同義詞： forbid vt. 禁止, 不許3）prohibit vt. 禁止。如：Smoking is prohibited in the office building.辦公樓內(nèi)禁止抽煙。4）prohibit vt. 妨礙, 阻止, 后接from doing。如：The high cost of the machine prohibits it from being widespread.這機(jī)器價格昂貴, 很難普及使用。活學(xué)活用13. 用prohibit的正確形式填空。1）Smoking is _in most theaters.2）Modesty_ me from saying what happened.答案:1)prohibited2)prohibits15. foresee vt. 預(yù)見巧記提示 fore（預(yù)先）+ see（看見）經(jīng)典例句 It is hard to foresee what my students will get in the final-term English exam.很難預(yù)知我的學(xué)生將會在期末英語考試中取得什么樣的成績。The government foresaw that there would be a rapid reduce in unemployment.政府預(yù)知失業(yè)人數(shù)將大大下降。考點(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：foreseeable adj. 可預(yù)知的foreseeingly adv. 深謀遠(yuǎn)慮地2）同義詞：foretell v. 預(yù)言，預(yù)測predict v. 預(yù)知，預(yù)報。3）foresee vt. 預(yù)見, 預(yù)料，常接動名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如：Those who can foresee difficulties on their way to success may keep calm.在走向成功的路途中能夠預(yù)見到困難的人常常能保持冷靜的態(tài)度。4）foreseeable adj. 可預(yù)知的, 能預(yù)測的。如：The statue will remain in the museum for the foreseeable future.短期內(nèi)這座雕像將留在博物館?；顚W(xué)活用14. 單句改錯。He foresee that prices would drop last year. 去他預(yù)見到物價會下跌。答案:foreseeforesaw16. temporary adj. 臨時的；短暫的經(jīng)典例句 More than half of the staff are temporary.半數(shù)以上的職員是臨時雇員?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：temporarily adv. 臨時；temporariness n. 暫時2）反義詞：permanent adj. 永久的, 持久的3）temporary adj. 臨時的, 短暫的。如：You will be sent to Shanghai, which is a temporary arrangement.你將被派去上海，這是臨時安排。4）temporary n. 臨時雇員；臨時事物，臨時房屋。如：She works in the office as a temporary.她在辦公室做臨時雇員。The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.那些戰(zhàn)時臨時住房將被永久性住宅代替?；顚W(xué)活用15. 單項選擇。_ is popular in the big cities.A. Do a temporary jobB. Doing a temporary jobC. To do a temporary jobD. Done a temporary job答案:B17. equipII vt. 使有準(zhǔn)備經(jīng)典例句 Proper education will equip one for a job.接受一定的教育將使你具備就業(yè)的能力?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：equipment n. 裝備, 設(shè)備2）同義詞：prepare v. 準(zhǔn)備, 預(yù)備, 有能力而且愿意3）equip vt. 使有準(zhǔn)備，使有能力。如：Your training will equip you for your future job.你的訓(xùn)練使得你能夠勝任將來的工作。4）equip vi 裝備, 配備，常與介詞for/with連用。如：We equip our children with a good education.我們使孩子們受到良好的教育。She equipped herself in all her finery.她穿上最好的衣服?；顚W(xué)活用16. 單項填空。His work experience _him to deal with all kinds of people.A. was equippedB. equippedC. equippingD. equip答案:B18. reverse vt. 顛倒；改變巧記提示 re-（再）+verse（反過來，翻轉(zhuǎn)）經(jīng)典例句 She reversed the paper and found a beautiful picture.她把紙翻過來, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張漂亮的圖畫。考點(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：reversed adj. 被顛倒的；reversedly adv. 顛倒地, 反轉(zhuǎn)地2）同義詞：return vt. 歸還3）reverse vt. 推翻;撤銷。They reversed the judgment and set the prisoner free after all.他撤銷了原判，終究釋放了囚犯。4）reverse n. 背面；反面。如：We must see the reverse as well as the obverse side of things.我們既要看到事物的正面, 也要看到事物的反面。活學(xué)活用17. When he _his bags he found his wallet missing.A. stoppedB. took awayC. reversedD. return答案:C19. submit vt. 提交巧記提示 sub(在下) + mit(派，送)經(jīng)典例句 I submitted my papers to the examiner.我把試卷交給主考老師?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：submission n. 降服, 服從; submissive adj. 順從的。2）同義詞：hand in 上交3）submitvt. 提交論文、作業(yè)、議案、計劃等, 常與介詞to連用。如：I hope you can submit you term papers before the deadline.我希望你們能在最后限期之前交上你們的學(xué)期論文。4）固定搭配。submit to接受，聽從。如：I submit to your superior judgement.我接受你的明智的判斷。20. jealous adj. 嫉妒的巧記提示 jeal (熱心，熱情)+-ous(形容詞后綴)經(jīng)典例句 Sarah is Janes friend but she is jealous if Jane plays with other girls.薩拉是簡的朋友，但是如果簡和別的女孩子一起玩時，她就很嫉妒。考點(diǎn)聚焦1）派生詞：jealously adv. 妒忌地, 猜疑地；jealousness n. 嫉妒, 猜忌2）同義詞：envious adj. 嫉妒的3）jealous adj. 嫉妒的；妒忌的，常與of連用。如：She is jealous of our success.她嫉妒我們的成就。4）jealous adj. 珍惜的，常與of連用。An honorable Chinese citizen should be jealous of his own rights.一名光榮的中國公民應(yīng)當(dāng)珍惜自己的公民權(quán)利。