2019-2020年高三英語大一輪復習講義 語法知識 專題二 代詞 新人教版.doc
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2019-2020年高三英語大一輪復習講義 語法知識 專題二 代詞 新人教版.doc
2019-2020年高三英語大一輪復習講義 語法知識 專題二 代詞 新人教版一、人稱代詞的用法人稱代詞在運用中應注意下面幾個問題:1在強調句中人稱代詞的使用應該根據人稱代詞具體作什么成分而定。It was I that first arrived at the airport.2句子中沒有謂語動詞,也就是說謂語動詞被省略時,人稱代詞要用賓格。Id like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.Me,too.3當說話者不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別時,可以用it來表示。Its a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?二、物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞不與a,those,some,another,which等詞同時修飾一個名詞,但在雙重所有格中可同時修飾一個名詞,如:each sister of his。三、反身代詞的用法含有反身代詞的動詞短語:devote oneself to致力于dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself過得快活feel oneself覺得正常四、指示代詞的用法1this,that的用法(1)在打電話時,this指自己,that指別人。(2)習慣用法:that is to say也就是說。2such,so,same的用法(1)such指如前所述的這樣的人或事物。此時,如果遇到a/an,such必須放在其前;如果遇到no,two,several等詞時,such必須置于其后。Tom is such a nice person.(2)so作指示代詞時,代替一個句子或短語所表達的事情。Have you phoned your parents?No,but Ill do so soon.(3)samesame必須與定冠詞the連用,在句中可作主語、表語、賓語或定語。The same happened once.the same后跟as用以引出所談及的范圍,as后可以是名詞、代詞,也可以是句子。He is of the same age as you.五、不定代詞的用法1none,nobody/no one,nothing的用法區(qū)別(1)none既可指人,也可指物,且表數量概念,?;卮餳ow many,how much引導的疑問句;nobody/no one只能指人,且表泛指概念,?;卮饂ho引導的疑問句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,?;卮饂hat引導的疑問句。How much money do you have?None.(2)none后面可跟of短語,而nothing和nobody/no one卻不能。None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.2one與it用于替代時的區(qū)別one用于指代與前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于指代前面所提到的同一件事或物。Your hat is really pretty.Id like to buy one.Your skirt is beautiful.Where did you buy it?六、幾個特殊的短語1What for?為何目的?為何理由?(Why?)2What if.?要是會怎樣呢?3What about/How about.?做好嗎?(用于征求意見,后面常接動名詞)。主謂一致一、就近一致原則1由or,not only.but also.,neither.nor.,either.or.,whether.or.,not.but.等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,通常根據就近一致原則,謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.2here/there引導一個句子而主語又不止一個時,通常根據就近原則,謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.二、意義一致原則1謂語動詞必須用單數的情況(1)表示學科的名詞以及works(工廠),news(消息)等作主語時,雖然本身為復數形式,但表示單數意義時,謂語動詞仍用單數。Politics is his favorite subject.(2)表示某些組織機構的名詞、書/報名、國名、地名等作主語時,雖然形式上是復數,但所表示的意義是單數,所以謂語動詞用單數。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?2謂語動詞必須用復數的情況表示總稱意義的名詞,如people,police,public,cattle等作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。The police are searching for the murderer.3謂語動詞的形式依據主語表示的意義而定(1)集體名詞,如family,class,group,team,club,pany,government,population等作主語時,謂語動詞的形式根據其在語境中表示的意義而定。當其表示集體意義,強調整體概念時,謂語動詞用單數;當其表示集體中各個組成部分,強調個體概念時,謂語動詞用復數。As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.(2)“the形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時,謂語動詞用復數。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.三、語法一致原則1由and連接的兩個名詞作主語(1)“a/the名詞單數and名詞單數”表示一個人(雙重身份),謂語動詞用單數。The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.(2)“a/the名詞單數anda/the名詞單數”表示兩個人,謂語動詞用復數。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.(3)“every名詞單數andevery名詞單數”表示每一個人,謂語動詞用單數。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.(4)通常由兩個部件組成的物品如:a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語,謂語動詞用單數。Bread and butter is not to his taste.2表示時間、數量、長度及價格的名詞,盡管有時是復數形式但常被看作是一個整體,謂語動詞用單數形式。Is fifty pounds enough?3“分數/百分數of名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的形式根據of后的名詞的形式來定,如果名詞是可數名詞復數,謂語動詞用復數形式;如果名詞是單數可數名詞或不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數形式。Twothirds of the books are about science.Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.代詞答題技巧1整體把握代詞知識,重視不定代詞用法首先要從整體上把握代詞的知識,如代詞種類的劃分:人稱代詞;物主代詞:形容詞性物主代詞,如your;名詞性物主代詞,如yours;反身代詞;相互代詞;指示代詞;不定代詞;疑問代詞;連接代詞(名詞性從句);關系代詞(定語從句)。了解各類代詞的一般用法,重點掌握幾組易混詞,尤其是不定代詞的用法區(qū)別。不定代詞在具體語境中的區(qū)別:部分否定與完全否定的區(qū)別;特指與泛指;兩者與三者或以上;人稱代詞與關系代詞的區(qū)別。做題的關鍵在于分析透句子的結構,理解語境的要求,達到正確交際的目的??碱}印證When you introduce me to Mr.Johnson,could you please say_for me?(xx福建,22)Aeverything BanythingCsomething Dnothing答案C解析句意為:當你把我介紹給約翰遜先生的時候,請為我說些好話好嗎?something用于疑問句中表示請求、邀請、建議等。此處表示請求,故選C。A表示“一切事情”;B表示“任何事情”;D表示“沒有事情”。代詞答題技巧2充分利用上下文語境,理清上下文之間的邏輯關系有些對代詞考查的題目,要借助于上下文語境才能確定正確選項。在解答代詞題目時,我們應分析前后文,明確代詞所指代的對象和范圍,確定代詞指代的是特指還是泛指,指代的是可數概念還是不可數概念,是肯定還是否定??碱}印證You are a team star!Working with_is really your cup of tea. (xx安徽,21)A.both B.eitherC.others D.the other答案C解析句意為:你是一個有團隊精神的人,與別人合作對你來說太容易了。others其他人;the other兩個中的另外一個;both兩個都;either(兩者之中)任一的。A、B、D三項均不符合句意。主謂一致答題技巧找準主語核心詞,確定動詞單復數在某些句子中,主語往往受到其他詞的影響,學生找不準中心詞導致出錯率較高,如主語后面接with,together with,along with,but,as well as,rather than,including,except等詞或短語時,謂語應與前面的名詞保持一致,記?。褐^語動詞的單復數要和主語中的中心詞保持一致。熟記一些常見的表達如“many a 單數名詞”作主語,動詞用單數;“more than one單數名詞”作主語,動詞用單數;“one or two 復數名詞”作主語,動詞用復數等等。考題印證Listening to loud music at rock concerts_caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(xx湖南,33)Ais BareChas Dhave答案C解析句意為:聽搖滾音樂會中的大聲的音樂已導致一些青少年失聰了。本題主語為動名詞短語,故謂語動詞用單數,根據主謂關系可知,此處應是主動語態(tài),故C項正確。1Our pany is seeking for a manager,especially_with creativity and imagination.Athe one BeachCone Dthat答案C解析考查代詞的用法。此處one代替a manager。句意為:我們公司正在尋找一位經理,尤其是一位具有創(chuàng)造力和想象力的經理。2The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase_.Athem BthoseCit Dthat答案C解析考查代詞的用法。此處it表同一指代,指代the employment rate。句意為:就業(yè)率在大城市繼續(xù)增長,這多虧了當地政府增加就業(yè)率的努力。3Excuse me,do you want David or Brown to do it?_is up to the job,Im afraid.AEither BBoth CNone DNeither答案D解析考查代詞的用法。句意為:打擾一下,你想讓David還是Brown做這項工作呢?恐怕兩者都不能勝任這項工作。neither表示“兩者都不”,符合句意。4Some experts are warning that the step the US government has taken to deal with the current crisis is _ of much risk.Aones Bthose Cthat Done答案D解析考查代詞的用法。此處one代替step。句意為:一些專家警告美國政府對待目前經濟危機所采取的步驟是很危險的一步。5The old lady is said to have three children,two of _ studying abroad.Awhom Bthem Call Dwho答案B解析“two of _ studying abroad”不是句子而是獨立主格結構,故選B。6I tried two different methods,yet _ of them seemed to work very well.Aneither BnoneCeach Dboth答案A解析考查代詞的用法。句意為:我試了兩種不同的方法,但似乎沒有一種起作用。根據two different ways可知選neither,表示“兩者都不”。7If I can help _,I prefer living in Hangzhou because the weather here is better than _ of Zhengzhou.Athat;that Bit;thatCthat;one Dit;it答案B解析it指代下文的內容;that指代上文中的不可數名詞weather。8It is not JK.Rowling but her works that _ us excited.Amakes Bis madeCmake Dare made答案C解析本句強調的是句子的主語,由not.but.連接名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞和but后的內容取得一致,故謂語動詞應用復數形式,故答案為C。9_ likes money,but money is not _.AEveryone;everything BAnyone;anythingCSomeone;nothing DNobody;everything答案A解析not與everything構成部分否定。句意為:人人愛金錢,但金錢不是萬能的。10Butter and bread _ their daily food,but the bread and the butter _ up now.Ais;is eaten Bare;have been eatenCare;are eaten Dis;have been eaten答案D解析butter and bread抹上黃油的面包,已經是一種約定俗成的食物了,所以用單數形式;the bread and the butter意為“面包和黃油”,是兩種食物,謂語動詞用復數。11An average of 200 letters a week _ received by the newspapers offer.Such _ the case with us at present.Aare;is Bhas been;has beenChave been;is Dis;are答案A解析an average of名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數;the average of名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數;第二個句子是倒裝結構,主語是the case,故謂語動詞用單數。12At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.Awere Bwas Cis Dsits答案A解析表處所的介詞短語置于句首時句子要用倒裝,該句的主語是a soldier and two young people,所以謂語動詞用復數形式。13The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.Aare;were Bis;wereCare;was Dis;was答案D解析“主語together with名詞/代詞”結構中,句中謂語動詞的數要根據前面的主語定;先行詞Reading Skills應是一本書的名字,其定語從句的謂語動詞用單數形式。14Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Aare Bis Chave Dbe答案B解析句意為:你或者你的一位學生要參加定于明天的會議。本題主語由either.or.連接,謂語動詞要根據or之后的部分來確定單復數形式,該句中or后是one of your students,所以謂語動詞用單數形式。15.Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to B.are going toC.was going to D.were going to答案A解析當主語后出現together with/as well as等介詞短語時,謂語動詞的數與介詞短語前的主語保持一致,故可排除B、D兩項;根據時間狀語this summer可知應用一般將來時態(tài)。