2021年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法備考訓(xùn)練15 賓語(yǔ)從句

【知識(shí)方法】賓語(yǔ)從句 三大必考點(diǎn)： that 1. 連接詞 if/whether 特殊疑問(wèn)詞：when; where; who; what; which; how; how many/much/long/soon/often 主現(xiàn)從不限2. 時(shí)態(tài) 主過(guò)從四過(guò)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)） 客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序（主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）特殊情況：當(dāng)連接詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，保持原有語(yǔ)序不變。 what is the matter with him. I wonder what is wrong with it. 知 識(shí) 清 單 賓 語(yǔ) 從 句知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！ 賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞，賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類(lèi)。1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。That只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他說(shuō)他想呆在家里。She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很?chē)?yán)重。I am sure (that) he will succeed.我確信他會(huì)成功。2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他們?cè)诘日l(shuí)嗎？He asked whose handwriting was the best.他問(wèn)誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告訴我3路公共汽車(chē)站在哪兒?jiǎn)幔縄 dont know why the train is late.我不知道火車(chē)為什么晚了。I cant imagine why he did that thing我不能想像他為什么做了那件事。Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我們?yōu)槭裁窗堰\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)月嗎? 當(dāng)疑問(wèn)代詞what，who在特殊疑問(wèn)句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，該特殊疑問(wèn)句本身就是陳述句語(yǔ)序，所以當(dāng)該句用來(lái)做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不需要調(diào)整。Whats wrong with you? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was wrong with her他問(wèn)這個(gè)女孩怎么回事了。Whats the matter? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was the matter他問(wèn)這個(gè)女孩怎么了。What has happened to him? 他發(fā)生什么事了?We want to know what has happened to him我們想知道他發(fā)生了什么事。同類(lèi)句式還有：Who broke the window? 誰(shuí)打破的窗戶(hù)?Who is in the classroom? 誰(shuí)在教室里?What made him so angry什么使得他如此生氣。3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。表示“是否”，二者通?？梢曰Q。例如： Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉問(wèn)她是否喜歡它。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在這兒。He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他問(wèn)我是否可以幫助他。但語(yǔ)義有點(diǎn)區(qū)別：1）whether強(qiáng)調(diào)猶豫和選擇，多見(jiàn)于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中；if 只限于條件，常用于口語(yǔ)。例如：Write and tell me whether Im to come. 請(qǐng)寫(xiě)信告訴我，我是否該來(lái)。Write and tell me if Im to come. 如果我該來(lái)，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)信告訴我（相當(dāng)于說(shuō)：若我不必來(lái)，那就不用費(fèi)心寫(xiě)信給我了。）2）whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從名和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，if 只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。由if引導(dǎo)的從句，首先要弄清楚是賓語(yǔ)從句，還是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，然后再確定時(shí)態(tài)。若是引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在（過(guò)去）時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)（過(guò)去將來(lái)）時(shí)。例如：If you dont go soon, youll be late.如果你不馬上去就會(huì)遲到。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去式（如果是be, 則不論主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，一律用were）,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每個(gè)國(guó)民都懂得急救（的知識(shí)），許多生命就會(huì)得以挽救。3）whether和if都可以與or no連用。但if與or not之間常需要用詞語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)，而whether與or not可連用，也可隔開(kāi)。例如：Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?你能告訴我火車(chē)是否離開(kāi)了嗎?I dont care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽車(chē)是否壞了。4）下列情況，只用whether作引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Whether he comes or not doesnt concern me.他來(lái)不來(lái)與我無(wú)關(guān)。I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval.我決定不了是否該同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能幫助我。Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我們是走還是留，其結(jié)果是一樣的。5）與不定式連用：例如：I dont know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是該接受還是該拒絕。6）在介詞后作介賓。例如：I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。4think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”等的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句1）否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在以上動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定含義，卻不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?，這就叫否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I dont think the book is worth buying我認(rèn)為這本書(shū)不值得買(mǎi)。I dont believe they have finished their work我相信他們并未完成他們的工作。I dont suppose he cares我猜想他們不會(huì)介意的。We dont expect they will have everything done我們希望他們沒(méi)有把事全做完。2）存在這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象的句了在作反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，具有如下特點(diǎn)： 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)以外的人稱(chēng)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)針對(duì)主句。You dont think he can finish his work, do you? 你認(rèn)為他不能完成他的工作，是嗎?He doesnt believe that we have come back，does he? 他認(rèn)為我們還沒(méi)回來(lái)呢，是嗎? 但是如果主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)詞部分的主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)要與賓語(yǔ)從句保持一致，并注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I dont think you are an actor，are you? 我認(rèn)為你不是一個(gè)演員，是嗎?I suppose you have been to Beijing，havent you ?我想你去過(guò)北京。是嗎? 另外，當(dāng)think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess這類(lèi)表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”的動(dòng)詞作主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種以疑問(wèn)詞起頭的雙重疑問(wèn)句。What do you think he is? 你認(rèn)為他是做什么的?How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你認(rèn)為我得花多少時(shí)間來(lái)做這件事?二. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)物理不容易。I think (that) you will like this school soon.我認(rèn)為你不久會(huì)喜歡這所學(xué)校。Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告訴我怎么到動(dòng)物園嗎？Please tell me when well have the meeting.請(qǐng)告訴我我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)。三. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)不限可視句子意義使用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如：We all know chicken cant swim.我們都知道雞不會(huì)游泳。Dont you think Jim is speaking too quick.難道你不認(rèn)為吉姆講的太快了嗎？He says he will come back.他說(shuō)他會(huì)回來(lái)。2若主句是祈使句，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Show me which picture is yours.讓我看看哪張照片是你的。Please tell us where we will go.請(qǐng)告訴我要去哪里。3若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句必須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種。例如：I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已經(jīng)掃過(guò)地了。He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他問(wèn)我昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候是否在做作業(yè)。4若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時(shí)，則不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快得多。They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他們那時(shí)就知道太陽(yáng)比地球大得多，He said that one and one makes two.他說(shuō)一加一等于二。賓語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)（一）一.翻譯句子 完成下列賓語(yǔ)從句：1. Please tell me _. （我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)）2. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒）3. Could you tell me _. （我該怎么去車(chē)站）4. Would you tell me _（為什么火車(chē)遲到了）5. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）6. Ask him _. （他是否能來(lái)）7. I dont know _.（是否要下雨）【答案】1. Please tell me when we are going to have a meeting. （我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)）2. Can you tell me where he is?（他在哪兒）3. Could you tell me the way to the station? （我該怎么去車(chē)站）4. Would you tell me why the train is late?（為什么火車(chē)遲到了）5. I want to know whether he will go to the park with us. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）6. Ask him if he can come. （他是否能來(lái)）7. I dont know whether it will rain (or not).（是否要下雨）二把下列句子變成含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1. The tickets are in my pocket. The man says.The man says_2. I have joined the League. He says.He says_3. The earth goes round the sun. Our teacher tells us.Our teacher tells us_4. Have you heard of anything about Mei? The man asks us.The man asks us_5. Can you swim? Please tell me.Please tell me_6. How can we do the work well?I always think of _7. When do you go to bed? He asks me.He asks me _8. Where did you meet Mr Green?I want to know_9. What are they drawing? Do you know?I want to know_10. Where do they stop on the way? I ask._【答案】1. The man says that the tickets are in his pocket.2. He says he has joined the League.3. Our teacher tells us the earth goes round the sun. 4. The man asks us whether we have heard of anything about Mei.5. Please tell me whether you can swim.6. I always think of how we can do the work well. 7. He asks me when I go to bed.8. I want to know where you met Mr Green.9. I want to know what they are drawing.10.I ask where they stop on the way.