2019-2020年高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識 形容詞和副詞的講解與訓(xùn)練.doc

2019-2020年高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識 形容詞和副詞的講解與訓(xùn)練形容詞和副詞 關(guān)于形容詞與副詞，我們需要了解其比較等級、相關(guān)修飾語、形容詞在句子中的位置、常見形容詞與副詞的詞義辨析及其固定短語和句型等。 知識要點 形容詞：表示人或事物的性質(zhì), 特征或狀態(tài)的詞；常修飾名詞或不定代詞。其句法功能，常作定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)，偶爾作狀語。例如： This is a little mouse.這是一只小老鼠。（形容詞作定語） You look fine. 你顯得氣色很好。（形容詞作表語） He made English easy for us to learn.他使得英語對我們來說學(xué)起來很容易。（形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語）The snake lay on the ground, dead.那條蛇躺在地上，死了。(形容詞作狀語） 疑難突破形容詞的位置 1. 形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置：1形容詞短語一般后置a girl difficult to deal with 2成對的形容詞一般后置a little room pretty and clean3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等常后置the only person awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible6修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything possible2. 多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序：代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞前的形容詞冠詞指示代詞不定代詞代詞所有格序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞描繪性大小長短形狀新舊溫度顏色國籍產(chǎn)地材料質(zhì)地用途名詞allbothsuchtheathisanotheryourthirdnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolredblueChineseLondonsilkstonemedical3. 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成：1adv.+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working6數(shù)詞+名詞+edfour-egged2adv.+過去分詞well-known7數(shù)詞+名詞one-year3adj.+現(xiàn)在分詞funny-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4adj.+名詞+edwarm-hearted9名詞+形容詞world-famous5adj.+形容詞dark-blue10名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞easy-going 知識要點 副詞 1. 概念：是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞或全句，說明時間、地點、程度、方式，表示動作特征、程度或性狀等概念的詞。例如：Mary walked slowly with her boyfriend John down the river.瑪麗和他的男朋友約翰沿著那條小河慢慢地向前踱著步。（副詞修飾動詞，作方式狀語）Although in the cold night, Xiaoming feels very warm for Lipings care.雖然是在這寒冷的夜晚，因為李平的關(guān)心小明感到非常溫暖。（副詞修飾形容詞，表示程度）2. 副詞種類：1程度副詞very, fairly, quite, rather，almost, nearly5關(guān)系副詞why，when, where2地點副詞outside, upwards, above，here, nearby6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞slowly, excitedly, really，hard, quickly, fast7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4時間副詞early, finally, once, recently，soon, now8頻度副詞seldom, never，always, often, frequently 疑難突破1. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級：級別形式舉例比較級一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more。earlier, smaller, shorter, longer, thinner, taller,more important, more slowly, 等。最高級一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加most。earliest, smallest, shortest, longest, thinnest,nearest, most important, most slowly等。原級不做變化thin, tall, fat, important, slowly, near等。2. 形容詞和副詞的基本用法：（1）形容詞主要用于修飾名詞，說明人或事物的性格特征。（2）副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。 注意以下重點句型：比較種類句型舉例與一樣/ 不一樣asas以及not so(as)asTom is not so good a student as Mike is.與一樣倍數(shù)A+be+倍數(shù)+as+原級+as+BOur classroom is three times as large as theirs.The man is twice as old as the girl.比（多/強(qiáng)）倍數(shù)A+be+倍數(shù)+than+BOur classroom is five times larger than theirs.Your age is twice older than mine.越就越the morethe moreThe harder you work, the more progress you will make. 注意：本身表示“最高程度”的形容詞/副詞沒有最高級和比較級。如： extreme, perfect，favorite, excellent，extremely, perfectly, favouritely, excellently等。1. - Do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students?- , I do. I think its a great idea. A. Really B. ObviouslyC. Actually D. Generally2. It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly3. As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.A. primary B. alternative C. instant D. unique4. The questionnaire takes _ ten to fifteen minutes to plete and can be used along with the assessment interview. A. mainly B. punctually C. approximately D. precisely5. I can be a teacher. Im not a very patient person. A. seldom B. ever C. neverD. always6. Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_ to the kids. A. accessible B. relative C. acceptable D. sensitive7. How much she looked without her glasses! A. well B. good C. best D. better8. My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _ expensive . A. as B. so C. too D. very9.The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride . A. most B. more C. less D. little10.Im sure that your letter will get attention. They know youre waiting for the reply. A. continued B. immediate C. careful D. general形容詞和副詞 即學(xué)即練 1.C。據(jù)上下文義和情景推知“我事實上同意對方的意見”。2.C?？疾楦痹~。exactly準(zhǔn)確地；fortunately幸運地；surprisingly驚訝地，出乎意料地；hardly幾乎不。題干意思是：似乎保護(hù)環(huán)境是出乎意料的簡單可行，小小的行動能帶來很大的不同。選C。3.B。 考查形容詞。既然石油和煤都越來越少，人們只好使用一些其它可替代這些燃料的東西；alternative 可選擇的，可替代的；符合句意。primary“首要的，初期的”，instant“立即的，迅速的”，unique“獨特的”均不合題意。4.C?？疾楦痹~。句意：問卷大約需要10至15分鐘完成。應(yīng)選擇approximately大約地。 mainly主要地；punctually準(zhǔn)時地；precisely精確地；均不合題意。5.C。句意為：我絕不會成為一名教師。因為我不是一個很有耐心的人。seldom表示“很少”；ever表示“永遠(yuǎn)”用在肯定句中；never表示“絕不，從來沒有”；always 表示“總是”；只有C合題意。6.A?？疾樾稳菰~的辨析。句意：佛蘭克把要放在抽屜的頂部，確保孩子們碰不到。Be accessible to 為能夠接近； be relative to 和有關(guān)系； be acceptable to 為所接受 ； be sensitive to 對敏感, 易接受。據(jù)句意答案選A。7.D。考查系動詞后跟形容詞作表語。句意為：沒有眼鏡她看的多么好？與戴眼鏡形成對比?！癿uch +比較級”加強(qiáng)語氣。8.A?？疾樾稳菰~倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。句意：我叔叔在商業(yè)區(qū)的房子比我的小得多；但是它的價格卻有我的房子兩倍的貴。表示倍數(shù)的句型是：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞+as ；這里省略了as mine；故答案選A。9. A?？疾楦痹~。句意：兒童們喜歡白天旅游活動；他們最喜歡騎馬。most用 作副詞“最”。10.B。據(jù)句意“你的信會立刻受到關(guān)注”。這里(immediate)合語境。