環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題部分答案.doc

環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題部分答案（第二版）鐘理主編Exercises 0Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests,ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to.About MyselfMy name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. Im much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever.My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my mother and I, thats all.Now Im in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good.I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can drive a car or a bus.Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ： 耐用期限，平均壽命poverty-stricken ： 貧窮的，貧困的，貧乏的smog-laden air ： 煙霧彌漫的天空，煙霧繚繞的空氣，陰霾天氣global conditions ： 全球狀況haves and have-nots ： 富人和窮人underprivileged ： 社會(huì)地位低下的，相對(duì)貧困的，生活水平低下的，弱勢(shì)的savanna ：熱帶大草原，稀樹草原predator ：食肉動(dòng)物，捕食者environmental disruptions ： 環(huán)境破壞，環(huán)境失調(diào)2 Put the following into English.農(nóng)藥pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥chemical fertilizer有機(jī)廢物organic wastes微生物microorganism / microbe衰減attenuation阻滯的retardant / blocking稀釋dilution添加劑additive合成塑料synthetic plastic再生regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste.原材料放置過(guò)久會(huì)失去它們本身性能而變成廢棄物。(2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the processchemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接觸時(shí)間將減少工藝過(guò)程中化學(xué)品的有用性，增加處理廢棄物的費(fèi)用以及替換化學(xué)藥品的費(fèi)用。(3) Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidicnoncyanide cadmium bath.洛克希德（公司）成功地將堿性氰化鎘溶液槽改變?yōu)樗嵝圆缓杌k的溶液槽。(4) Do not try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要進(jìn)行重復(fù)研究。發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)伙伴以分享思想。3 Put the following into Chinese.Waste reduction/waste/minimization: 減少?gòu)U物/廢棄物/最小化In-process: 工程內(nèi)，進(jìn)程內(nèi)Housekeeping: 維持管理Equipment modification landfills: 設(shè)備改造，填埋Biodegradable solvents: 可生物降解溶劑Volatile chemicals: 揮發(fā)性化學(xué)品Management commitment: 管理層的承諾Unit 5 (P.34)1 Put the following words or phrase into Chinese.primary pollutant 一次大氣污染物secondary pollutant 二次大氣污染物air stagnation 空氣流動(dòng)停滯，大氣停滯nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO)nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2)soot 煤煙dust 灰塵smog 煙霧ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草劑pesticide 殺蟲劑 / 農(nóng)藥2 Put the following into English.正常濃度 normal concentration嚴(yán)重污染的 serious polluted / heavily polluted決定因素 determining factor光化學(xué)氧化物 photochemical oxidant液體微滴 liquid droplet放射性物質(zhì) radioactive substance不完全氧化 incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion含硫的 sulfur-containing風(fēng)化 wind erosion / weathering汽車尾氣 automobile exhaustUnit 6 (P.40)1 Put the following into Chinese(1) The most severe sequence of CO2 induced global warning would be melting of the polarice-caps and the subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains.由CO2 所引起的全球變暖的最嚴(yán)重后果是極地冰帽的熔化，以及隨之而來(lái)的海平面上升所引發(fā)的沿海平原的洪水。(2) Although global warming from the already elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 has beenpredicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed.雖然大多數(shù)氣候模型已經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)大氣中CO2 濃度的增加將引起全球變暖，但對(duì)于這樣的氣候變暖還沒(méi)有實(shí)證觀察過(guò)。(3) Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunatelycoincide with increased industrialization and pollution.盡管這些資料表明了平均地面溫度和氣候的趨勢(shì)，但不幸的是，恰恰遇上了這段時(shí)期內(nèi)日益增強(qiáng)的工業(yè)化和污染。2 Put the following into English.溫室效應(yīng) effect of greenhouse由二氧化碳引起的 caused by CO2世界碳預(yù)算 world carbon budget天氣的自然波動(dòng) natural fluctuations in climate全球變暖 global warming厭氧的 anaerobic甲烷 methane臭氧層 ozonosphere氣候模型 climatic models腐爛 decayUnit 7 (P.47)3 Put the following into English.出口 outlet多管高效旋風(fēng)分離器 multitube high-efficiency cyclone合成纖維 synthetic fabric捕集效率 collection efficiency機(jī)械洗滌 mechanical scrubbing壓力降 pressure drop焚化爐 incinerator氣體離子 gas ion捕集板 collection surface碳黑 carbon blackUnit 8 (P.52)1 Put the following into English.尾氣 off-gas可應(yīng)用性 applicability工業(yè)規(guī)模 full-scale土壤床 soil bed生物過(guò)濾器 biofilter固定資本 fixed capital易生物降解的 easily biodegraded2 Put the following into Chinese.VOC 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物APC 大氣污染控制Regulatory program 調(diào)整項(xiàng)目Financial support 財(cái)政支持Operating cost 操作成本Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 環(huán)境介質(zhì)Biological 生物學(xué)的Technologies 技術(shù)、工藝Inorganic air pollutants 無(wú)機(jī)大氣污染物Unit 10 (P.66)1 Put the following into Chinese.treatment facilities 處理設(shè)備per capita per day 每人每天municipality 市政當(dāng)局, 自治市population equivalent 人口當(dāng)量basement flooding 地下室浸水runoff 排水domestic sewage 生活污水type of terrain 地形種類Unit 11 (P.73)1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.unpalatable 味道差的volatile chemicals 揮發(fā)性的化學(xué)藥品scale in hot pipes 熱水管積垢harbor pathogens 窩藏病原體precipitate 使沉淀turbid 混濁的intermittent sources 間歇的污染源fixtures 固定設(shè)備2 According to Reading Material, put the following into English.合成有機(jī)化合物 synthetic organic compound微生物性能 microbiological properties普遍接受 universal acceptance食品加工 food processing精餾 rectification蒸發(fā)和冷凝 evaporation and condensation土壤腐蝕 erosion of soil過(guò)濾作用 percolating/ filtration副產(chǎn)品 byproduct脫鹽 desalinationUnit 12 (P.81)1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.land disposal 掩埋處置fecal coliform 糞大腸菌群stringent effluent requirement 嚴(yán)格的廢水排放要求assimilation capacity 同化能力practical outlets 可行的排出途徑，現(xiàn)實(shí)出路aquatic life 水生生物detrimental to human health 對(duì)人體健康有害的endogenous phase 內(nèi)源生長(zhǎng)期Unit 13 (P.89)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.flow monitoring 流量監(jiān)測(cè)equipment age and reliability 裝備老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities 機(jī)械設(shè)備microbial activity 微生物活性activated sludge 活性污泥controlling respiration 控制呼吸oxidation ditches 氧化溝on-line automation 在線自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)2 Based on Reading Material, put the following into English.手動(dòng)控制 operator control/ manual control最優(yōu)化 minimize the effects微處理器 microprocessor統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 statistical analysis質(zhì)量衡算 mass balance動(dòng)力學(xué) dynamics氧化還原 oxidation and reduction /redox停留時(shí)間 residence time模擬 simulation參數(shù) parameter水解 hydrolysis積分 integralUnit 23 (P.157)1 Put the following into English.吸聲材料 sound adsorbing media彈性介質(zhì) elastic media蒸汽打樁機(jī) steam-powered pile driver耳塞 ear plug勞動(dòng)部 department of labor環(huán)保局 Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）環(huán)保法 environmental protection lawUnit 24 (P.163)1 Put the following into Chinese.preempted and defaced land 過(guò)早地遭受破壞的土地personal conveniences 個(gè)人的便利生活條件lavish dependency 過(guò)量依賴solar collectors 太陽(yáng)集熱器undue sacrific 過(guò)度犧牲social attitudes 社會(huì)態(tài)度patterns of living 生活方式再生紙廢水物化處理方法研究摘要：通過(guò)對(duì)三種無(wú)機(jī)混凝劑（聚合氧化鋁、聚合氯化鋁、聚合硫酸鐵）和一種有機(jī)混凝劑（聚丙烯酰胺）在不同影響因素（投加量、pH 值、攪拌速度、攪拌時(shí)間）下，對(duì)再生紙廢水物化處理效果的研究，選出各種混凝劑的最佳投加量、pH 值、攪拌速度和攪拌時(shí)間，結(jié)果聚合氧化鋁在處理再生紙廢水方面效果最好。結(jié)果表明：1%聚合氧化鋁在pH 值為67范圍內(nèi)，投加量為8mL，以150r/min 的攪拌速度攪拌6 分鐘，再生紙廢水的濁度去除率可以達(dá)到90%以上，COD 的去除率可以達(dá)到80%上。關(guān)鍵詞：再生紙廢水；聚合氧化鋁；聚合氯化鋁；聚合硫酸鐵；聚丙烯酰胺The Physical-chemistry Processing Method Research of Waste Water in the Process ofProducing Regenerated PaperAbstract: By way of research three kinds of inorganic coagulants ( polymerization alumina,polymerization aluminum chloride and polymerization iron sulfate ) and one kind of organiccoagulant ( polyprogylene polyam ide ) under the different influence factors ( throwing thecapacity adding, pHs value, stirs speed, stirs time ), to waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper the physical chemistry processing effect, selects out that various coagulants optimum throwing the capacity adding, pHs value, stirs speed and stirs time, concludes to polymerization alumina at the aspect that deals with waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper effect is the best. Indicates: 1%polymerization alumina in pHs value is for 6 7 scopes at last, throws the capacity adding for 8mL, with 150r / min the stirring speed stirred 6 minutes, the haziness of waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper goes that removing rate can achieve more than 90%, and COD goes that removing rate can achieve more than 80%.Key words: waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper;polymerization alumina;polymerization aluminum chloride; polymerization iron sulfate; polyprogylene polyam ide