2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第05章 連詞與感嘆詞.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第05章 連詞與感嘆詞第一節(jié) 真題精析1.It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. 【NMET05北京春考】A.beforeB. sinceC.afterD. when2.Lose one hour in the morningyou will be looking for it the rest of theday. 【NMET05北京春考】A.but B. andC. orD. so3.Simon thought his puter was broken _ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on. 【NMET05北京春考】A.untilB. unlessC.afterD. because4. I hope you dont mind me asking, _ where did you buy those shoes?【NMETxx全國(guó)】A. so B. and C. yet D. but5. I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. 【NMETxx全國(guó)】A. since B. while C. when D. as6. Paul had to write a history paper _he couldnt find time to do it.【NMETxx全國(guó)】A.but B. so C. because D. if7. I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. 【04江蘇】 A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless8. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. 【04浙江卷】 A. While B. Since C. As D. If9Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. 【04福建卷】Asince BafterCbeforeDwhen10There are many kinds of sports, my favorite is swimming. 【04遼寧卷】Aas Bthen Cso Dbut11We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station. 【04遼寧卷】Awhenever Buntil Cwhile Dwherever12. Stand over there youll be able to see it better. 【04天津卷】A. or B. while C. but D. and13. It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester. 【04天津卷】A. that B. until C. since D. before14. You can eat food free in my restaurant _you like. 【04重慶卷】A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however15. - I think George doesnt really care for TV plays. Right, _he still watches the program. 【04重慶卷】A. and B. but C. or D. so16. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. 【04上海卷】A. when B. while C. since D. once17. Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. 【04上海卷】A. because B. through C. unless D. if18. Were going to the bookstore in Johns car. You can e with us you can meet us there later. 【NMETxx】AbutBandCorDthen19How far apart do they live ? 【xx上?！?I know , they live in the same neighbourhood . AAs long as BAs far as CAs well as DAs often as20A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity he reaches the end of the story . 【xx上?！緼when Bunless Cafter Duntil21.He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _it got worse. 【xx北京】A. untilB. whenC. beforeD. as22._I know the money is safe , I shall not worry about it. 【xx北京】 A. Even thoughB. Unless C. As long as D. while23.He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder. 【xx上?！緼as B. until C. while D. when24. -Would you like to e to dinner party here on Sunday?-Thank you. Id love to, _ Ill be out of town at the weekend. 【xx北京】 A. because B. and C. so D. but25. The WTO cannot live up to its name _it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. 【NMETxx】 Aas long as Bwhile Cif Deven though26. Im going to the post office. _youre there, can you get me some stamps? 【NMETxx】A. As B. While C. Because D. If 27. _youve got a chance. you might as well make full use of it. 【NMETxx】A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as28. She thought I was talking about her daughter,in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while【NMET1995】29. Would you like a cup of coffeeshall we get down to business right away? 【NMET1995】 A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 30. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill ,especially _ Father was away in France. 【MET1994】 A. asB. that C. during D. if【答案與解析】1. B該題考查連詞的用法?！癐t is +時(shí)間+since”意為“自多少時(shí)間了”是固定句型。句意：自從上次我們見(jiàn)面已有五年了。2. B該題是根據(jù)交際情景考查連詞的用法。此處是“祈使句+and+句子”句型。句意：早晨失去一小時(shí)，你一天都找不回。3. A該題是根據(jù)交際情景考查連詞的用法。據(jù)題意：西蒙認(rèn)為他的計(jì)算機(jī)壞了，一直到他弟弟指出他忘了開(kāi)機(jī)。得知選until意為：到為止。4. D該題考查連詞的用法。but是口語(yǔ)常用詞，用來(lái)引出另一話題或微弱的相反的意見(jiàn)。句意：我希望你不介意我問(wèn)你問(wèn)題，你從哪買(mǎi)的那些鞋？5. B 該題考查連詞的用法。據(jù)題意，此處是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)照，故選B. while。句意：我那點(diǎn)家務(wù)都要做而我丈夫Bob只是偶爾洗洗盤(pán)子。6. A 該題考查連詞的用法。had to write與couldnt find time to do是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A.but。句意：保羅不得不寫(xiě)歷史論文，但是他抽不出時(shí)間寫(xiě)。7A 該題考查連詞的用法。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系是讓步狀語(yǔ)。因此選擇答案A。While作連詞用時(shí)有“雖然；盡管”之意，用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意是：雖然我承認(rèn)他不完美，但是事實(shí)上我卻是喜歡他。8. A 該題考查連詞的用法。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系是讓步狀語(yǔ)。因此選擇答案A。While作連詞用時(shí)有“雖然；盡管”之意，用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意是：雖然模特兒職業(yè)很不容易學(xué)，但是好的模特總是走俏。其他選項(xiàng)不合適。9C該題考查連詞的用法?！癐ts some time before”意為：在之前還要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這是一個(gè)固定句型。句意：科學(xué)家說(shuō)在人身上可能試用這種藥的時(shí)間也許還要五六年。10D 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查連詞。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系There are many kinds of sports和 my favorite is swimming.是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句意：有很多體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，但我最喜歡游泳。11B該題根據(jù)交際情景考查引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞的用法。根據(jù)句意：有人告訴我們說(shuō)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)沿大路一直走直到走到中心火車(chē)站為止。應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇until。12. D該題考查連詞的用法。Stand over there 是祈使句，又是youll be able to see it better. 的條件，故選and?！捌硎咕?and+句子”為固定句型。“祈使句+and+句子”中的祈使句+and相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：站在那里，你能看得清楚一點(diǎn)。 13. D該題考查連詞的用法。據(jù)題意it是代詞，代替時(shí)間，故選before。句意：我們還沒(méi)到溫徹斯特城天就黑了。14. A 該題考查連詞的用法。關(guān)鍵詞food free in my restaurant，有地點(diǎn)、方式和事物因此，此處選擇時(shí)間。句意：無(wú)論你愿什么時(shí)候來(lái)我的飯館里吃飯，都免費(fèi)。15. B 該題考查連詞的用法。第一句話George doesnt really care for TV plays和still watches the program是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句意：“我認(rèn)為喬治不喜歡電視劇?！薄笆堑模撬匀豢措娨暪?jié)目?！?6. A 考查連詞的用法。這四個(gè)詞除了可以作從屬連詞外，when、while還可以作并列連詞，when作并列連詞時(shí)，后接突發(fā)性事件，意思為“此時(shí)，就在這個(gè)時(shí)候”，when符合句子意思的要求。句意：Jasmine和家人在野生動(dòng)物園散步，突然被獅子咬傷了腿。17. A考查從屬連詞的用法。整個(gè)句子的前后兩部分為因果關(guān)系，因此，A正確。句意：父母應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待孩子對(duì)太陽(yáng)鏡的要求，因?yàn)?，在有?yáng)光的天氣里太陽(yáng)鏡是必需的。18 C該題考查連詞的用法。從題中的You can e with us 和you can meet us there later這是表示選擇，故選or。題意：我們乘John的車(chē)去書(shū)店。要么你和我們一起去，要么以后到那里找我們。19.B 考查連詞，As far as I know，意思為 “據(jù)我所知”。句意：-他們住得離多遠(yuǎn)？-據(jù)我所知他們住鄰居。20.D 考查連詞的用法，根據(jù)句意：一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的講故事的人必須能夠讓聽(tīng)眾的好奇心一直維持到他講的故事的結(jié)尾。得知D為正確答案。21. C該題考查連詞的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是but，從中推斷是在事情變?cè)阒俺C枉過(guò)正。故選before。題意：他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，但他在形勢(shì)變?cè)阒熬陀枰猿C正。22.C該題考查連詞的用法。從兩句的邏輯關(guān)系看，第一句是第二句的條件。據(jù)題意：只要我得知錢(qián)安全了， 我就放心了。故選C. As long as意為：只要。Even though意為：即使；Unless意為：除非； while意為：當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；不和題意。23.D 考查連詞的用法，根據(jù)句子意思，兩個(gè)分句是一種并列關(guān)系，因此選擇并列連詞when，when的意思為“此時(shí)”。24D該題考查連詞的用法。在交際用語(yǔ)中，but用來(lái)引出對(duì)別人邀請(qǐng)的委婉拒絕的理由。句意：-星期天你來(lái)參加晚宴好么？-謝謝。我很愿來(lái)，但我本周么要出城。25 C 該題考查連詞if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。該題關(guān)鍵要理解句意：如果世貿(mào)組織不能容納占世界人口五分之一的國(guó)家，那他就做不到名副其實(shí)了。還要對(duì)live up to“做到”的理解。據(jù)題意，后面是前面的條件故選if。26 B該題考查連詞的用法。連詞while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，as也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，as強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。該句是強(qiáng)調(diào)你在郵局的這段過(guò)程中買(mǎi)郵票，并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)進(jìn)行。句意：“我要去郵局。”“你在那能給我買(mǎi)張郵票嗎？”27 A 該題考查連詞now that原因狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。now that意為：“既然, 由于”“鑒于某種事實(shí)”相當(dāng)于since，considering that，seeing that 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系并不很密切，用以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。句意：既然你有了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你可以充分的利用它了。28 D 該題考查并列連詞while引導(dǎo)并列句表對(duì)比的用法。in fact 是插入語(yǔ)，while是并列連詞意為：然而，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)前后兩個(gè)分句表示對(duì)比。句意：她以為我在談?wù)撍呐畠海鴮?shí)際上我在談?wù)撐业呐畠骸?9 C 該題考查并列連詞or引導(dǎo)并列句表選擇的用法。該問(wèn)句是在a cup of coffee 和business兩者之間的選擇，故用or。and用于肯定句中；otherwise是副詞意為：否則；then是副詞，意為：然后。題意：你是先喝咖啡還是立即開(kāi)始工作？30A 該題考查并列連詞。據(jù)題意：媽媽很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾?ài)麗絲病了，特別是當(dāng)爸爸在法國(guó)期間。得知此處是選擇連詞表示一段時(shí)間。故選A。C. during是介詞后面不能跟狀語(yǔ)從句。第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)歸納連詞是一種起連接作用的詞。連詞是虛詞，不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，只能起連接單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子（包括從句與分句）的作用?？煞譃椴⒘羞B詞與從屬連詞。一、并列連詞的用法1并列連詞and的用法and可以連接兩個(gè)的詞，多用于肯定句中。連接兩個(gè)句子，表示因果、對(duì)比、條件、假設(shè)、目的等。例如： Go and fetch something to eat.（連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞如go, e等表示目的）去取些吃的東西來(lái)。Mary likes music and Lily is fond of sports.瑪麗喜歡音樂(lè)，莉莉愛(ài)好體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。（對(duì)比）One more week and well acplish the task.再一星期，我們就完成任務(wù)。（條件）2并列連詞bothand, not onlybut also, as well as的用法bothand意為：“不但而且； 既又”，是并列連詞，可以并列主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)等成份。并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問(wèn)題。The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.這位秘書(shū)不但能講而且能寫(xiě)西班牙語(yǔ)。not onlybut also意為：“不但.而且”，是并列連詞，可以連接兩個(gè)詞，也可連接兩個(gè)句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。not onlybut also可以連接句中所有的成份，連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則，與所靠近的成分保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。not onlybut also可以連接兩個(gè)句子，not only位于句首時(shí)， not only后的句子要倒裝。Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不僅學(xué)生們津津有味地看著這部電影，而且他們的老師也是如此。Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科學(xué)家而且還是名戰(zhàn)士。as well as 其連詞作用，表示“同、和、也”等。The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.編輯和校對(duì)者都在加班工作。3when并列連詞，意為“就在那時(shí)”I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我剛想走，突然電話鈴響了。4表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞這類(lèi)連詞連接兩個(gè)含義不同的甚至是反義的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句。常見(jiàn)的還有yet(然而)，while(而)，however(可是)等。其中while與but的區(qū)別在于:while表示對(duì)比，而but表示意義正好相反。Learning the guitar isnt difficult ,but you have to practice.學(xué)彈吉它并不難，但你得練習(xí)。In some Asian countries , nodding the head means not “Yes”but “No”. 有些亞洲國(guó)家，點(diǎn)頭并不表示“是”而是表示“不”。He was in deep trouble , yet he didnt lose heart.他深陷困境，然而他沒(méi)有喪失信心。Rick was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.瑞克非常成功，然而他的晚年并不幸福。You like sports, while Id rather read.你喜歡體育而我卻喜歡讀書(shū)。5表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞此類(lèi)并列連詞主要有or, or else, eitheror, otherwise，neithernor, not nor等。（1）or的用法可以連接兩個(gè)的詞，多用于否定或者疑問(wèn)句中。主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)不一致時(shí), 動(dòng)詞隨著接近的主語(yǔ)而變化。連接兩個(gè)句子，常和else連用。 John or you are in Class Two.約翰或者你在二班。Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold. 穿上你的大衣，不然你會(huì)著涼。 Hurry up, or/or else well be late for the meeting.趕快，否則我們開(kāi)會(huì)要遲到的。注意：or, or else, otherwise三者相比，or else語(yǔ)氣較or強(qiáng)，而otherwise語(yǔ)氣則最強(qiáng)。（2）eitheror, neithernor, not nor的用法 可以連接兩個(gè)的詞，也連接兩個(gè)句子，當(dāng)neither, nor放句首時(shí)，該句倒裝。eitheror, neithernor, not nor等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也依據(jù)就近原則。Either my father or my brothers are ing. 不是我父親就是我兄弟要來(lái)。Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.理論沒(méi)有實(shí)踐不行, 實(shí)踐沒(méi)有理論也不行。6表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞這類(lèi)連詞常見(jiàn)的有so(因此)，for(因?yàn)?，therefore(因此)等。并列連詞for表示原因，用以附加說(shuō)明。這個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)的分句必須放在第一個(gè)分句之后。 for可以表示原因，但引起的不是從句，而是分句，對(duì)前面的情況加以解釋?zhuān)卸禾?hào)把它和前面的分句分開(kāi)，在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中用的較多。so 表示結(jié)果，意為“因此，所以，于是”。therefore意為“因此, 所以”，語(yǔ)氣比較文氣，多放在分句或句子的前面。I apologized to her , for I had wronged her.我向她道歉了，因?yàn)槲义e(cuò)怪了她。He was sick, so they were quiet.他病了, 所以他們 很安靜。He broke the law ,therefore he was put into prison.他違犯了法律，因此被投入監(jiān)獄。二、從屬連詞的用法用來(lái)連接主句和從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞分為兩大類(lèi)，即引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞。(一) 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞此類(lèi)連詞主要有：when, while, after, before, as, as soon as , now(that), until, till, once, since, whenever, no sooner.than, hardly/barely/scarcely.when，every time, each time, next time, the last time, the moment等。When I got to the theatre, I found that they had sold all the tickets.當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)劇院時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)票已售完。We should strike while the iron is hot.我們要趁熱打鐵。Since he entered the university, he has made great progress in his studies.進(jìn)入大學(xué)以來(lái)，他在學(xué)業(yè)上已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。They kept on working until it became dark.他們一直工作到天黑。Once you begin , you must go on. 你一旦開(kāi)始，就必須繼續(xù)下去。You seem to have a ready-made answer, whenever I ask you a question.每逢我問(wèn)你問(wèn)題, 你總好象有現(xiàn)成的答案。Now (that) you are here, youd better stay.你既然來(lái)了，那就不要走了。No sooner had they got to the field than it began to rain.他們剛到田里就開(kāi)始下雨了。Hardly had he set foot on his native land when he felt fortable.他一踏上祖國(guó)的土地就感到心情舒暢。 She felt a thrill the moment she got into the theatre.她一進(jìn)劇場(chǎng)就感到一種激動(dòng)。Every time he got to Beijing, he came to see me.每次他來(lái)北京，他都來(lái)看我。注意：no sooner, hardly等位于句首時(shí)需用倒裝語(yǔ)序。2引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞此類(lèi)連詞主要有because, as, since, now(that)，等。because引導(dǎo)的從句表示產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣較重，可回答why問(wèn)句；since語(yǔ)氣較輕，常位于句首；as則語(yǔ)氣最輕。We couldnt cross the river because the water had risen.水已經(jīng)上漲了，所以我們沒(méi)能過(guò)河。Since everyone is here ,lets begin .既然大家都來(lái)了，我們就開(kāi)始吧。I must stop writing now, as I have rather a lot of work to do.我必須停筆了，因?yàn)槲疫€有許多工作要做。Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你可以充分的利用它了。Why use wood when you can use plastic?既然能用塑料, 為什么還要用木料?3引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞此類(lèi)連詞主要有although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter what等。Though my father is old,yet he wants to do something for our country.我爸雖然老了，可他還要為國(guó)家做點(diǎn)事。Even if there are difficulties， we must do it well.即使有困難，我們也要把工作做好。Young as I am,I know some of the family secrets.盡管我年齡小，我知道一些家庭秘密。Nobody believed him no matter what he said.不管他說(shuō)什么每人相信他。4引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞此類(lèi)連詞主要有if, unless, as/so long as, supposing等。If we go on polluting the world ,it wont be fit for to live in.如果我們繼續(xù)污染這個(gè)世界，那么這個(gè)世界就會(huì)不適合我們生活了。You will fail unless you work hard.除非努力你才不會(huì)失敗。You can go out as/so long as you promise to be back soon.只要你保證很快回來(lái)，你就可以出去。What shall we do supposing he wont agree?假定他不同意，我們?cè)趺崔k？The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind如果世貿(mào)組織不能容納占世界人口五分之一的國(guó)家，那它就名不符實(shí)。5表示行為方式的從屬連詞表示行為方式的從屬連詞主要有as，as if/though等。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.當(dāng)把鉛筆一部分放到水里時(shí)，鉛筆看上去就像斷了。We did as he told us. 我們照他叮囑的做了。He spoke as though he knew the question very well.他說(shuō)得好像對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題知道得很清楚。注意：以as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與現(xiàn)在相反的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)，與過(guò)去相反的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.整個(gè)事情我都記得,就好像此事發(fā)生在昨天。6表示目的的從屬連詞表示目的的從屬連詞主要有that, so that，in order that等。I hurried so that I wouldnt be late for class. 為了上課不遲到我們趕緊走。John saved his money in order that he might buy a bicycle.約翰為了買(mǎi)一輛自行車(chē)而把錢(qián)節(jié)省下來(lái)。Bring it nearer that I may see it better.把它拿近一些, 以便使我看得比較清楚。7表示結(jié)果的從屬連詞表示結(jié)果的從屬連詞，主要有that，so.that，so that，such.that等。They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else. 他們彼此見(jiàn)到面，高興得把別的事情都忘記了。It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.天氣非常寒冷， 以至于街上沒(méi)有任何人。So cold is it that all the water pipes have frozen.天太冷，所有的水管都凍住了。8. 表示比較的從屬連詞表示比較的從屬連詞主要有than，as等I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想漢語(yǔ)比其他任何科目都更受歡迎。Do you think that art is as interesting as music?你認(rèn)為美術(shù)與音樂(lè)一樣有趣嗎?9. 表示地點(diǎn)的從屬連詞 表示地點(diǎn)的從屬連詞主要有where，wherever等。Leave her where she is. 把她留在原地。You can take it with you wherever you go.你不論去哪里，都可隨身攜帶它。（二）引導(dǎo)名詞性從名的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞多是連接代詞和連接副詞，從屬邊詞主要有that，whether, if。1 由從屬連詞that，whether，if引導(dǎo) 這類(lèi)連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分。We all know that the earth moves around the sun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。I want to know whether/if he will e back soon.我想知道他是否能很快回來(lái)。2由連接代詞引導(dǎo)連接代詞除了可以起連接作用外，還可以在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。連接代詞主要有who，whom，whose，which，what, whatever, whoever, whomever等。Do what he or she tells you to do.按照他/她所告訴你的去做。Can you tell me who that gentleman is? 你能告訴我那位先生是誰(shuí)么？Whoever es will be weled.無(wú)論誰(shuí)來(lái)都會(huì)受到歡迎。3由連接副詞引導(dǎo)連接副詞除了起連接作用外，還在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。連接副詞主要有when，where，how，why等。I remember when this used to be a quiet village.我記得那時(shí)候這是一個(gè)安靜的村莊。Would you please tell me how I can get to the airport? 請(qǐng)告訴我怎樣去機(jī)場(chǎng)？I dont know where we are going to have this meeting.我不知道我們到什么地方去開(kāi)這次會(huì)議。Do you know why he was late? 你知道他為什么遲到嗎?三、一詞多義的從屬連詞1、when（1）表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。The fire was put out when they came.他們來(lái)到的時(shí)候，大火已經(jīng)被撲滅了。（2）表示條件，意思是“如果，要是”。When the weather is good，I usually go to the country.如果天氣好的話，我通常到鄉(xiāng)下去。（3）表示原因，意思是“既然”。I cant tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想聽(tīng)，我就不告訴你了。（4）表示讓步，意思是“雖然，然而，可是”。He walks when he might ride.他雖然可以坐車(chē)，可是他還是步行了。We have only three chairs when we need five.我們需要五把椅子，可是我們只有三把。2、while（l）表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，“和同時(shí)”。We waited while he dined.他吃飯時(shí)，我們等著。（2）表示讓步，意思是“雖然，盡管”。While he is respected，he is not liked.他雖受人尊敬，但并不被人喜愛(ài)。（3）表示對(duì)比，意思是“而，然而”。She is very diligent，while he is very lazy.她很勤奮，而他卻很懶。3、as（1）表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，隨著”。I met John as I was ing home。我回家途中遇到約翰。（2）表示原因，意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤?。例?As he was not well，I decided to go without him.因?yàn)樗眢w不好，我決定獨(dú)自去了。（3）表示比較，意思是“像一樣”。Im as tall as you(are).我和你樣高。（4）表示方式，意思是“按照，如同”。Do as I do.我怎么干，你就怎么干。（5）表示讓步。意思是“雖然，盡管”。注意，as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句表示讓步時(shí)，一定要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。Sick as he was，he came to work.他雖然有病，還是來(lái)上班了。Child as he is，he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，懂的卻很多。4、if（1）表示條件或假設(shè)，意思是“如果，假如”。Well stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我們就呆在家里。（2）表示讓步，意思是“雖然，即使”。I will go if I die for it.即使是死我也要去。If I am wrong，you e wrong,too.即使我錯(cuò)了，你也是錯(cuò)。（3）表示時(shí)間，意思是“無(wú)論何時(shí)，當(dāng)”，相當(dāng)于whenever。 If I dont understand what he says,I always ask him.我不懂他說(shuō)的話時(shí)，我總問(wèn)他。If winter es，can spring be far behind?冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?（4）表示原因，意思是“既然”。If you dont like the job，why dont you change it?既然你不喜歡這個(gè)工作，為什么不換換呢?（5）用來(lái)引出一個(gè)表達(dá)愿望的感嘆句，表達(dá)一個(gè)愿望If they had only e earlier!如果他們?cè)鐏?lái)一步該多好啊!If I havent lost my watch!我的表要是不丟該多好!If I only knew!要是我知道該多好。5、as long as,so long as（1）表示時(shí)間，意思是“達(dá)之久”。You can keep the book as long as you like。這本書(shū)你愛(ài)看多久就看多久。During the holidays，I like to stay in the countryside as long as I can.假日里，我喜歡呆在鄉(xiāng)下，能果多久就呆多久。（2）表示條件，意思是“只要”。例如:As long as you tell the truth，Ill try to help you.只要你告訴我實(shí)情，我會(huì)盡力幫助你。（3）表示原因，意思是“既然，由于，因?yàn)椤?。例?So long as the weather is changeable these days,wed better get in wheat in time.由于這幾天氣候變化無(wú)常，我們最好及時(shí)把麥?zhǔn)崭钔辍?、since（1）表示時(shí)間，意思是“自從以來(lái)”。I havent heard from him since he left.自從他離開(kāi)后，我就沒(méi)有得到他的消息。It is ten years since he joined the army.他參軍已經(jīng)有十年了。（2）表示原因，意思是“既然”。Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然問(wèn)，我就告訴你。7、so that（1）表示目的，意思是“以便，為了”。The student worked hard so that he might learn more.這個(gè)學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)，以便學(xué)到更多的知識(shí)。（2）表示結(jié)果，意思是“因此，結(jié)果是”。例如:I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.我很早就去聽(tīng)課，結(jié)果占到了一個(gè)好座位。四、 感嘆詞感嘆詞是用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話時(shí)產(chǎn)生的喜怒哀樂(lè)等情緒的詞。感嘆詞也是一種虛詞，不作句子成份，但在意義上與后面句子有關(guān)聯(lián)，后面句子常說(shuō)明這種情緒的原因。一、Oh(O)表示驚奇、恐懼、懊惱、高興等。Oh!So you are here!啊！你也在這兒！（驚奇、高興）Oh!Please dont ask me any more.啊，求你別再問(wèn)我了。（痛苦）Oh,dont do it again.噯，不要再做它了。（不耐煩）二、Ah表示驚奇、高興、滿(mǎn)意、遺憾等。Ah,thats right.嗯，這樣就對(duì)了。（同意）Ah!So you are back now!?。∧慊貋?lái)了?。ǜ吲d）三、well表示驚奇、快慰、疑問(wèn)、忍從、松一口氣、開(kāi)始新話題等。Well, here we are at last!好了，我們到底到了。（快慰）Well, it cant be helped.唉，這是沒(méi)有辦法的。（無(wú)可奈何）Well,who would have thought about that?嗨，誰(shuí)會(huì)想到它呀?。@奇）四、Hello(Hi)用來(lái)招呼人，相當(dāng)于“喂”、“嘿”等。Hello,how are you?喂，您好嗎？Hello! This is Mrs. Green speaking. 喂! 我是格林太太。(在電話中說(shuō))五、Why表示驚奇或不足為奇，常常帶有“你這都不知道嗎？”“原來(lái)這樣”這類(lèi)意思。Why, you are ahead of time too! 怎么，你們也提前完成了！（驚奇）Why, even a child knows that! 哎，就是孩子也知道的?。ú蛔銥槠妫┝h dear ,dear, dear me, (my)goodness表示驚異贊嘆、不耐煩、難過(guò)等，與漢語(yǔ)里的“天呀”有些相近（這類(lèi)感嘆詞女人用得比較多）。My goodness! How could you work so fast! 我的天！你怎么干得這么快！Oh ,dear! Why should you be so stubborn! 天哪，你怎么這么固執(zhí)！七、O lord, Good lord , Good heavens表示驚異、不高興等（這種感嘆詞男人用得比較多）。O lord(Good heavens)! Can a cabbage grow that big! 嗬，洋白菜會(huì)長(zhǎng)這么大！Good heaven! You make the same mistake again.天哪！你又犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤！八、Aha等其他表示感嘆的詞或短語(yǔ)Aha（表示得意，滿(mǎn)意），Pshaw（表示鄙視、不高興），Alas（表示痛苦、焦急），whew（驚訝、失望），Hey（喜悅、招呼），Bah（表示鄙視），Bravo（用于歡呼），Hush（要求肅靜或低聲），Nonsense（相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“胡說(shuō)”），Hurrah（用于歡呼，慶祝勝利），e, e（表示勸說(shuō)、鼓勵(lì)等），Now（請(qǐng)求、埋怨、不耐煩、詫異等），F(xiàn)ie（表示輕蔑、羞辱相當(dāng)于“呸”），Eh（表示驚訝、懷疑、客氣等），Rut（表示不耐煩、不高興、鄙視），Ouch（表示疼痛），Lehhuh（表示同意），Mm（表示同意）。e, e, Alice, you must be patient.好了，愛(ài)麗絲，你得忍耐點(diǎn)。（勸說(shuō)）Now, e on! 來(lái)呀?。ㄕ?qǐng)求）Nonsense! I dont believe a word of it.胡說(shuō)，我一點(diǎn)兒也不相信。Bravo! Well done! 好！干得好！Humph! What nonsense! 呸！廢話！His mother, alas, isnt out of danger yet.唉，他媽媽還沒(méi)有脫離危險(xiǎn)期。第四節(jié) 鞏固提高1.One more week_well acplish the task. A.so B.so that C.and D.if2.-I dont like chicken_fish. -I dont like chicken,_I like fish very much. A.and;and B.and;but C.or;and D.or;but3.The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _ they will save us money in the long run. A. or B. since C. for D. but4.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem,_they themselves couldnt. A. once B. then C. while D. if5. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot，_ they will save us money in the long run Aor Bsince Cfor Dbut6. Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths,_ it is our duty to master it. A. although B. therefore C. otherwise D. however7._the xx Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That8._you dont like him is none of my business. A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether9._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matte