2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講義中考復(fù)習(xí)教案 人教新目標(biāo)版.doc

2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講義中考復(fù)習(xí)教案 人教新目標(biāo)版一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)詞尾變化：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需加-s或-es：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-s，(清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音后讀z；在t后讀ts,在d后讀dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的詞加-es，讀iz,如果動(dòng)詞原形詞尾已有e,則只加-s。passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i, 再加-es,讀z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies注意：動(dòng)詞have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)是has.寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash_6. enjoy _7. go _8 receive _9 cry_10. close _11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _二. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1） 表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家。2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父親在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 這男孩十二歲。3）表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂(lè)于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。4)表示客觀真理，客觀存在，自然現(xiàn)象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國(guó)東部。5）表示按計(jì)劃或安排好的，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,e,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。 He es back tonight. 他今晚回來(lái)。6）在復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： Ill tell him the news when he es back. 他回來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。 鞏固練習(xí)：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改寫(xiě)成否定句）_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. （對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. （變成一般疑問(wèn)句并否定回答）_4、I like being a nurse for the old. （變成一般疑問(wèn)句）_5、張叔叔每天乘坐地鐵上班。_6、我們每周日常花三小時(shí)在圖書(shū)館看書(shū)。_7、我爺爺常常晚飯后出去散步。_一般過(guò)去時(shí)一、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化：構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed，(在清輔音后讀t；在濁輔音和元音后讀d；在t,d后讀id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedlivedhoped末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母y”的動(dòng)詞，先變“y”為“I”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiesworriescries注：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式參見(jiàn)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)P142。寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _10.sweep _11. stop _12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. lie _16. turn _17. explore _18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _21.get _22.laugh_23.pay_24.die_25.prefer _二. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等連用。在一般過(guò)去式中，要表達(dá)“過(guò)多少時(shí)間之后”，一般用after。幾年后。例如：Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ After a few years,she started to play the piano.幾年后，她開(kāi)始彈鋼琴。2）表示在過(guò)去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。3）一般過(guò)去式也可與today,this week,this month,this year等表現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用，但這些時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)須指過(guò)去的時(shí)間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時(shí)此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見(jiàn)他了嗎？鞏固練習(xí)：1、 Yesterday I went swimming.(改寫(xiě)成否定句。)_2、 He was born in Shanghai.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_3我昨天買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。_4、我前天讀了一本書(shū)。_一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形在口語(yǔ)中，will在名詞或代詞后?？s為ll，wii not常簡(jiǎn)縮為wont。在疑問(wèn)句中，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)（I和we）時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打籃球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我們要去動(dòng)物園嗎？二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1、表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Ill e and see you every Saturday next year.明年我將每個(gè)星期六來(lái)看你。3、表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)于將來(lái)的看法、假設(shè)和推測(cè)，通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的從句或與副詞perhaps,possibly,maybe等連用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她會(huì)回家吃飯。 Maybe shell go to the gym.也許她會(huì)去體育館。三、be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。1、表示主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行某一行動(dòng)的打算意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)先考慮并含有自己做好某些準(zhǔn)備的意思。即計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。2、表示說(shuō)話人確信如此或有某種跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。3、注意：be going to 和will之間的區(qū)別。兩者都用于預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)，be going to意指有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，屬客觀的推測(cè)；will則意指說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為/相信某件事將要發(fā)生，屬主觀的推測(cè)。兩者在時(shí)間的發(fā)生上，be going to通常表示馬上要發(fā)生或相當(dāng)快就要發(fā)生的事情；而will不指明任何具體時(shí)間，可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)。例如：He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起來(lái)了。 He will be better. 他的病會(huì)好起來(lái)了。兩者都表示意圖時(shí)，be going to含有預(yù)先計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備的意思；will則指未經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)先思考或計(jì)劃，是臨時(shí)的一種決定。在條件壯語(yǔ)從句中，be going to表將來(lái),will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你將要去旅行，最好盡快做好準(zhǔn)備。 Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去問(wèn)高老師，她會(huì)告訴你答案。四、be +不定式表將來(lái)，表示客觀安排或受人指示而將要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。五、be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。鞏固練習(xí)：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. （用often改寫(xiě)句子）_3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. （變成一般疑問(wèn)句并否定回答）_4. 他們今晚要去看足球賽。_5.金一家人什么時(shí)候去長(zhǎng)城??？_過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1、would/should+動(dòng)詞原形 2、 was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形二、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：1、表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)在九點(diǎn)之前完成工作。2、 表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣，只要would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand. 每當(dāng)他遇到困難時(shí)，我們總會(huì)伸出援助之手。鞏固練習(xí)：1、He said that he (e)back tonight.2、I thought it （rain）soon.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞二、動(dòng)詞V-ing的構(gòu)成形式規(guī)則原形-ing形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-inghaveprepareclosehavingpreparingclosing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,把i改為y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫(xiě)r，再加-ing；如不是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，就直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、e 12、fit 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1、表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與now,right now,at this moment等時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如： We are waiting for you now. 我們正在等你。2、 表示現(xiàn)階段（說(shuō)話前后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)），一直在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。（說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。） He is thinking about this problem.這些天來(lái)他一直在考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。3、 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。4、 表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。5、表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表移動(dòng)的終止性動(dòng)詞（e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示即將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火車(chē)要到了。一些持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，表將來(lái)，表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)對(duì)方將要做的事情的一種關(guān)心。例如：Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？注意:鞏固練習(xí)：1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改寫(xiě)句子）_2、They are surfing. （對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_3、瞧，那些孩子們玩的真高興！_4、這些天工人們一直在盡力修補(bǔ)那些壞了的帳篷。_用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. Uncle Wang usually _ (go) to work by bike.2. Be quiet ! The patient _ (sleep).3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _(plant) trees over there.4、Emily often _ (help) her mother _ (wash) clothes on Sunday.5、_ (not be) afraid, I _ (show) you how to reach the station.6、What _ you _ (do) the day after tomorrow ?7、There _ (be) an important meeting in two days.8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。2、表移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。3、在含有時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站時(shí)，正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽(yáng)光燦爛。4、在敘述或描寫(xiě)過(guò)去的事情時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與其它過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，特別時(shí)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。但是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在書(shū)房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源鞏固練習(xí)：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞二、過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成： 過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化相同，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed；不規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)九年級(jí)下冊(cè)教科書(shū)p74不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、e 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等詞連用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚飯了嗎？You have already grown much taller.你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)高了許多。2、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用，常用的有：for一段時(shí)間；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。（Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度），提問(wèn)用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需注意的問(wèn)題：表示短暫性的動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的壯語(yǔ)連用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,e,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. （錯(cuò)誤）He has been in the army for five years.(正確)注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 不能和明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday,last week,in xx,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的區(qū)別： have/has been to have/has gone to 試舉例 ： 比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。 I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）He has been a League member for three years. （強(qiáng)調(diào)他是團(tuán)員）鞏固練習(xí)： 1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 2、-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, e B. even, have eC. ever, e D. ever, have e 3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞had動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。即發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。常與“by/before+過(guò)去時(shí)間”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)連用。例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到達(dá)之前，火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。2、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for/since引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我來(lái)這兒之前在美國(guó)住過(guò)兩年。3、表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃、愿望等。這種用法中常用的動(dòng)詞為hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。例如：We had hoped that you would e, but you didnt. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以為他們都知道這件事呢。鞏固練習(xí):1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 3、The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left4、My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.