液晶顯示器簡介(中英).ppt
液晶的歷史,1發(fā)現(xiàn)階段1888年,由奧地利植物學(xué)家F.Reinitzer發(fā)現(xiàn)。1889年,由德國物理學(xué)家OttoLehmann命名為“液晶”。2發(fā)展階段Developingphase1963年,美國RCA公司提出把液晶應(yīng)用在顯示器上的提案。1969年,合成常溫液晶(MBBA)。3應(yīng)用階段1973年,鐘表,桌式電腦出現(xiàn)。1979年,出現(xiàn)游戲機,1-6mm的卡電機。1982年,出現(xiàn)檢測器。1984年,應(yīng)用于2inchTFT彩色液晶電視機。1986年,應(yīng)用于STN打字電腦。1988年,應(yīng)用于3-14inchTFT彩色液晶電視機。1989年,應(yīng)用于100inch彩色液晶電視機,筆記本電腦。1990年,應(yīng)用于10inch彩色液晶筆記本電腦。1994年,21inchTFT投入試產(chǎn)(Sharp)。14inch彩色STNLCD投入試產(chǎn)?,F(xiàn)在:液晶顯示技術(shù)得到空前的發(fā)展和廣泛的應(yīng)用。,1DiscoverphaseIn1888,discoveredbyAustrianbotanistF.Reinitzer.In1889,GermanyphysicistOttoLehmannnamedit“l(fā)iquidcrystal”2DevelopingphaseIn1963,AmericancompanyRCAputsforwardtheplanofapplyingliquidcrystalindisplay.In1969,synthesisthenormaltemperatureliquidcrystal(MBBA).3ApplicationphaseIn1973,watch,clock,anddeskcomputerappeared.In1979,gamemachineand1-6mmcard-electricalmachineappeared.In1982,testmachineappeared.In1984,appliedon2inchTFTcolorLCDTV.In1986,appliedonSTNtypingcomputer.In1988,appliedto3-14inchTFTcolorLCDTV.In1989,appliedto100inchcolorLCDTVandlaptop.In1990,appliedto10inchcolorLCDlaptop.In1994,21inchTFTputintotrierproduction(Sharp)。14inchcolorSTNLCDputintotrierproduction.NowLCDtechnologygetsunprecedenteddevelopmentandwideapplication.,Thehistoryofliquidcrystal,液晶的狀態(tài)及分子結(jié)構(gòu),1液晶的狀態(tài)液晶是一種界于液體與固體之間的物質(zhì),隨溫度變化在液體相與固體相間發(fā)生變化,主要結(jié)構(gòu)為中間部分為苯環(huán)兩端連接上-CN,-F的結(jié)構(gòu)。ThestateofliquidcrystalLiquidcrystalisakindofsubstancebetweenliquidandsolid,itchangesinaccordancewiththetemperaturebetweenthesolidandliquidphase.Themainstructureisbenzeneringinthemiddleandthetwosidesconnectonthestructureof-CN,-F.,2液晶的分子結(jié)構(gòu)Themolecularstructureofliquidcrystal,液晶的種類,現(xiàn)有的液晶存在三種狀態(tài),目前LCD主要使用的是Nematic狀態(tài)的液晶。向列相液晶:Nematic分子種類的重心混亂無序,使其像普通液體一樣可以流動,但分子桿的指向矢大體一致。進(jìn)晶相液晶:SmecticLC分子形成一層一層的結(jié)構(gòu),分子層的厚度大約是一個分子的長度;分子垂直于分子層平面排列,分子的重心在分子層中是無序的,形成一層層的二維流體。膽甾相液晶:Cholesteric分子的重心排列是無序的,但分子的指向矢在一個平面內(nèi)大致指向一個方向。在垂直于這個平面上的方向上,分子的指向矢會旋轉(zhuǎn)行程螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)。,Thetypesofliquidcrystal,Theexistingliquidcrystalhasthreekindsofstates,theLCDmainlyusesthestateoftheNematicliquidcrystal.Nematicliquidcrystal:ThecoreofNematicsmoleculartypeischaotic,whichmakesitflowlikeordinaryliquid,butthepointingdirectionofmolecularleverisbroadlythesame.SmecticLC:TheSmecticLCmoleculesformlayerandlayerstructure,andthethicknessofmolecularlayerisaboutamolecularlength;Molecularisplanetilingwithperpendiculartothemolecules.Thecoreofmolecularisdisorderinthemolecularlayer,andformlayerandlayeroftwo-dimensionalfluid.Cholestericliquidcrystal:ThecorearrangementoftheCholestericmoleculesisdisorder,butthepointingvectorofthemolecularisbasicallyinthesomedirection.Inthedirectionofperpendiculartothisplane,thepointingvectorofthemolecularwillrotateandformintohelicalstructure.,液晶顯示器的分類,按自發(fā)光和接收外部光源的分類Classificationaccordingtotheself-luminousandreceiveouterlight,按自發(fā)光和接收外部光源的分類Classificationaccordingtothedrivemode,各種顯示屏的特點Thefeaturesofdifferentkindsofdisplays(詳見excel),LCD專業(yè)名詞術(shù)語TheprofessionaltermsandnounofLCD,LCD(LIQUIDCRYSTALDISPLAY):液晶顯示LCM(LIQUIDCRYSTALMODULE):液晶模組TN(TWISTEDNEMATIC):扭曲向列。液晶分子地扭曲取向偏轉(zhuǎn)90STN(SUPERTWISTEDNEMATIC):超級扭曲向列。約180270CSTN(ColorSTN):彩色超級扭曲向列UFB(UltraFineBrightness):超精細(xì)亮度UFC(UltraFineContrast):超精細(xì)對比度FSTN(FORMULATEDSUPERTWISTEDNEMATIC):格式化超級扭曲向列。一層光程補償片加于STN,用于單色顯示。TFT(THINFILMTRANSISTOR):薄膜晶體管BLACKLIGHT:背光源INVERTER:逆變器OSD(ONSCREENDISPLAY):在屏上顯示DVI(DIGITALVISUALINTERFACE):數(shù)字接口TMDS(TRANSITIONMINIMIZEDDIFFERENTIALSIGNALING):最小變換差分信號LVDS(LOWVOLTAGEDIFFERENTIALSIGNALING):低壓差分信號IC(INTEGRATECIRCUIT):集成電路,LCD專業(yè)名詞術(shù)語TheprofessionaltermsandnounofLCD,TCP(TAPECARRIERPACKAGE):柔性線路板COB:(CHIPONBOARD)通過綁定將IC裸片固定于線路板上COF:(CHIPONFPC)將IC固定柔性線路板上COG:(CHIPONGLASS)將芯片固定于玻璃上DUTY:占空比,高出點亮的閥值電壓的部分在一個周期中所占的比率LED:(LIGHTEMITTINGDIODE)發(fā)光二極管EL:(ELECTROLUMINESCENCE)電致發(fā)光。EL層高分子量薄片構(gòu)成CCFL:(CCFT)COLDCATHODEFLUORESCENTLIGHT/TUBE冷陰極熒光燈PDP:(PLASMADISPLAYPANEL)等離子顯示屏CRT:(CATHODERADIALTUBE)陰極射線管VGA:(VIDEOGRAPHICARRAY)視頻圖形陣列PCB:(PRINTEDCIRCUITBOARD)印刷電路板S-VIDEO:S端子,與復(fù)合視頻信號比,將對比和顏色分離傳輸NTSC:(NATIONALTELEVISIONSYSTEMSCOMMITTEE)PAL:(PHASEALTERMATINGLINE)逐行倒相制式)SECAM:(SEQUENTIALCOULEURMEMOIRE)VOD:(VIDEOONDEMAND)視頻點播DPI:(DOTPERINCH)點每英寸,