華北平原有咸水區(qū)雨洪控制利用

華北平原有咸水區(qū)雨洪控制利用摘要：華北平原有咸水區(qū)，水資源短缺，深層地下水嚴(yán)重超采，生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。在這個地區(qū)開發(fā)利用咸水，騰出地下庫容，能夠減少潛水蒸發(fā)與雨洪徑流，增大降雨入滲，把時空分布不均的天然降雨轉(zhuǎn)化為可利用的水資源。該文總結(jié)了農(nóng)村用微咸水灌溉，抗旱增產(chǎn)，調(diào)控地下水埋深，增大雨洪回灌，淡化地下水質(zhì)的經(jīng)驗。提出了城區(qū)雨洪控制利用的建議。 關(guān)鍵詞：有咸水區(qū) 咸水開發(fā)利用 調(diào)控地下水埋深 減少雨洪徑流 增大降雨入滲 &nbsp; 1 大氣降水與四水轉(zhuǎn)化特點黃河以北的華北平原，屬季節(jié)性干旱半濕潤大陸性季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)。大氣降水到達(dá)地面后，在下墊面條件共同作用下，一部分形成地表水，一部分滲入到土壤，在重力作用下，其中一部分形成了地下水，大部分被攔截成為土壤水。大氣水、土壤水、地下水、地表水在一定條件下相互轉(zhuǎn)化（圖1）。大氣降水與四水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系有以下特點：1.1 年際降水量變化大華北平原多年平均降水量500600 mm。氣候為過渡帶，降水很不穩(wěn)定，降水量年際變化很大。常有連豐、連枯水年，豐、枯水年交替。少水年，降水可小于400 mm，呈現(xiàn)半干旱甚至干旱地區(qū)特點。多水年，降水量可大于800 mm，呈現(xiàn)濕潤氣候特點。海河?xùn)|部平原南皮縣1956 1986年平均降水量550 mm，最大年降水量1 184.9 mm（1977年），最小降水量262.4 mm（1956年），最大與最小相差4.5倍。1.2 年內(nèi)降水集中干濕季分明在季風(fēng)氣候影響下，降雨集中在夏季（7、8月份），其余時間為旱季。南皮多年平均夏季降水量占全年的 73 ；春季（35 月）和秋季（911月）雨量較少，分別占全年降水量的11 和13 ; 冬季（12月2月）雨量稀少，僅占2 。形成春旱夏澇、秋冬又旱、旱澇交替的特點。1.3 蒸發(fā)量大于降水量據(jù)德州、新鄉(xiāng)、安陽、保定、南皮等氣象站分析，全年蒸發(fā)量與降水量之比為3.13.9。南皮多年平均蒸發(fā)量2 138.6 mm，為年降水量的3.9倍。最大年蒸發(fā)量2 659.2 mm。冬春兩季的蒸發(fā)量最大，為降水量的1638倍。1.4 四水轉(zhuǎn)化運動以垂向排補為主華北平原地勢平坦，大部分平原地下水水力坡降都很小，含水層巖性顆粒較細(xì)，地下水、土壤水水平向運動很小，水分運動和交換主要是豎向入滲補給、土壤蒸發(fā)、潛水蒸發(fā)和人工開采排泄。降雨和灌溉入滲量約占平原淺層地下水總補給量的84 ，若計入河渠側(cè)向補給，豎向補給量達(dá)94 。總排泄量中人工開采和潛水蒸發(fā)的豎向排泄量達(dá)99.4 。1.5 包氣帶是四水轉(zhuǎn)化的主要場所多年平均降水量的8 轉(zhuǎn)化為地表徑流，20.6 轉(zhuǎn)化為淺層地下水，71.4 轉(zhuǎn)化為包氣帶土壤水，若計入潛水蒸發(fā)量，則由包氣帶向大氣轉(zhuǎn)化的水量約為降水量的78 左右。2 開發(fā)地下咸水灌溉，增大雨洪利用華北平原東部廣泛分布有&gt;2 g/L的淺層地下咸水（圖 2），總面積8.39萬km2。地下咸水長期棄置不用，占據(jù)著淺層地下水的地層空間，影響這個地區(qū)蓄納雨水及地表淡水，而且蒸發(fā)濃縮，成為土地鹽堿的根源。這個地區(qū)長期以來靠開采深層地下水支撐工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，由于嚴(yán)重超采，已引起地面沉降、上部咸水層下移、深層地下水質(zhì)變差等生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。為了克服水資源嚴(yán)重短缺對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的威脅，自上世紀(jì)70年代開始開發(fā)微咸水發(fā)展灌溉。在季風(fēng)氣候及排水條件下，用微咸水灌溉的連作小麥、玉米，比不灌的旱作可增產(chǎn)12 倍，而并未發(fā)生土壤積鹽，地下水還有所淡化。80年代應(yīng)用咸水灌溉成果，引進(jìn)聯(lián)合國IFAD 貸款，建立南皮農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)項目區(qū)，建設(shè)機井灌渠排溝，大面積開發(fā)咸水，使灌溉面積增加一倍，鹽堿地面積改好一半，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值及人均收入翻了兩番。華北地區(qū)已開發(fā)利用咸水6.6億m3,其中河北平原為3億m3。咸水大量開發(fā)利用，改變了四水轉(zhuǎn)化條件，使大氣降水更多地轉(zhuǎn)化為可利用的水資源。開發(fā)利用咸水，所以能夠增大雨洪利用，綜合治理旱澇堿咸，促使生態(tài)環(huán)境良性循環(huán)。這是由于：2.1 調(diào)控地下水埋深在臨界動態(tài)地下水埋深動態(tài)是大氣降水、地表水、土壤水、地下水之間消長轉(zhuǎn)化的集中反映。調(diào)控合理的地下水埋深，是增大雨洪利用的關(guān)鍵。不同季節(jié)需要調(diào)控的地下水埋深臨界動態(tài)：旱季在防治鹽堿的地下水臨界深度（23 m），盡量減少潛水蒸發(fā)，防止土壤返鹽；雨季前在防澇蓄雨深度（46 m），盡量增大降雨入滲，減少地表徑流，增強伏雨洗鹽及淡化地下水的作用；雨季在作物的抗?jié)裆疃龋?.51 m）, 即在2日內(nèi)將降雨形成的地表積水排出, 并將因降雨抬高的地下水位回降到作物抗?jié)裆疃纫韵拢▓D 3 ）。大量開發(fā)利用咸水，騰出地下庫容, 能夠調(diào)控地下水埋深在臨界動態(tài)。南皮項目區(qū)建立前地下水年開采量600萬m3, 建項目區(qū)后到 1987年達(dá)到1 380萬m3。汛前 6月地下水埋深至1988年全部調(diào)控在3 m以下，與1985年同期比較，23 m的減少了77 ，46m的增加了53 。19861988年地下水埋深，春季3月在 2.783.73 m，汛前6月在 4.485.03 m，汛后9月在1.152.95 m，已調(diào)控到地下水臨界動態(tài)指標(biāo)（圖 4）。2.2減少潛水蒸發(fā)潛水蒸發(fā)量與地下水埋深密切相關(guān)。在輕砂壤土地區(qū)，地下水埋深為 1 m時，其潛水蒸發(fā)量大于地下水埋深為2.5 m時的 6倍。調(diào)控地下水埋深在臨界動態(tài)，可以大量減少潛水蒸發(fā)。南皮項目區(qū) 按19841986年平均水位埋深計算可采量為433.85 萬 m3，而按 1986 1988年 地下水埋深調(diào)控在臨界動態(tài)（ 2.5 5 m ）計算可采量為1 322.39萬m3，即可從潛水蒸發(fā)中奪取888.54萬m3 可利用的水資源。 2.3 增大降雨入滲降雨滲入地下，除補給土壤水外，其余轉(zhuǎn)化為地下水成為可利用的水資源。在平水年雨季降水434 mm情況下，降雨入滲補給地下水量最大值相應(yīng)的雨季前埋深在4.5 m左右。在雨季前地下水埋深2.54.5 m范圍內(nèi)，每降深 1 m，降雨入滲補給地下水量增加226 mm。雨季前地下水埋深大于4.5 m時，降雨入滲將隨埋深增大而減少。在枯水年及豐水年，降雨入滲補給最大值相應(yīng)雨季前埋深分別在5.5 m及4 m左右（表 1，圖 5）。 南皮項目區(qū)地下水埋深處于臨界動態(tài)，增大了降雨入滲對地下水的補給。1986年10月至1987年9月，1987年10月至1988年9月，降雨入滲系數(shù)分別達(dá)到25 和21 。19861987年盡管由于雨季前干旱，大量開采地下水，但經(jīng)過雨季降雨補充，地下水位上升1.75 m，扣除當(dāng)年開采及潛水蒸發(fā)水量，可采量模數(shù)增加85 230 m3/km2/a，為秋季及來年春季抗旱增補了地下水源。2.4減少徑流流失春季抗旱灌溉，大量提取淺層地下水包括1微咸水，能在雨季前騰出地下庫容，增大降雨入滲，減少地表徑流，預(yù)防漬澇災(zāi)害發(fā)生。 同時使天然降雨盡多地轉(zhuǎn)化為可利用的水資源。觀測研究表明，徑流量隨地下水位下降而減少。19741977年，雨季前地下水埋深在1.12.5 m，次降雨量和前期影響雨量（PPa）=156244 mm，徑流深R =1847 mm。19841987年，PPa=88236 mm，R = 030 mm。80年代同70年代相比，地下水埋深增大了1.62.0 m，在PPa=160230 mm條件下，R 減少了1724 mm。雨前地下水埋深在15 m范圍，每降深 1 m，地表徑流減少1225 mm。1987年降水736 mm，為偏豐年，其中雨季降雨509 mm，但未發(fā)生澇災(zāi)。南皮試區(qū)1987年8月3日降雨149 mm， R 只有4 mm，大部分補給地下水。8月26日6小時降暴雨189 mm，R=30 mm，地面曾普遍積水，但雨前地下水埋深在3 m左右，又有排水條件，積水很快外排并滲入地下，雨后兩天地下水埋深在1.73 m不澇不漬。南皮北試區(qū)，在189 mm這次暴雨前地下水埋深還在4.62 m，降雨后沒有產(chǎn)生地表徑流（表2， 圖6 ）。2.5 汛雨洗鹽排鹽華北平原降水集中在雨季。平水年69月份雨季降水434 mm，占全年降水量73，具有很強的淋洗土壤鹽分的作用。鹽堿地區(qū)農(nóng)民“寧舍青苗，不舍伏雨”， 平地圍埂，淋洗鹽堿。但在無排水條件下，只是暫時把鹽分壓在下面，雨季過后還要上返。在深溝排水條件下，把過去雨澇淹地、澇后返鹽的不利因素轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄贷}排咸的有利條件。在地下水埋深調(diào)控在臨界動態(tài)的情況下，大面積土壤脫鹽，主要是靠汛雨洗鹽排鹽。南皮試區(qū)19741987年有7年排水排鹽，累計排鹽量1 394.5 t/km2。后營試區(qū)1964年雨季降水604 mm, 排鹽量1 470 t/km2, 每畝排鹽近1 t (表 3)。由于土壤鹽分大量外排，減少了土壤鹽分淋洗對地下水的補給，也促使地下水逐步淡化。2.6 地下咸水淡化在季風(fēng)氣候及排水條件下，長期抽汲咸水灌溉，有降雨和淡水補給，土壤鹽分淋洗外排，加強了咸淡水的循環(huán)交替，促使地下咸水逐步淡化。南皮咸水灌溉試驗場, 自1980年起用虹吸井提取咸水灌溉，地下水礦化度56 g/L，經(jīng)過8年，到1988年，按6月同期比較，地下水礦化度降到14 g/L。其中地下水表層礦化度由4.85.1 g/L下降到1.192.96 g/L，5 m礦化度由5.15.3 g/L，下降到1.232.38 g/L，底層（10 m左右）礦化度由5.77.8 g/L下降到3.06 3.83 g/L（表4）。在南皮地下水監(jiān)測區(qū)，從19741988年14年地下水淡化明顯。表層 &gt;2 g/L淡水面積由20 增加到50 。有的地段由表層到8 m原來的咸水變?yōu)榈w增加639 000 m3，淡水可采量模數(shù)增加了 15 000 m3/km2/a （圖 7）。降雨入滲補給是促使地下咸水淡化的主要因素。1987年降雨735 mm，各層地下水不論按旱季（6月）、汛后（9月）同去年同期比較，同一年汛后同旱季比較，還是旱季同上年汛后比較，全部淡化。在1984、1985平水年，以上四種比較中，淡化占72 。1986年為偏旱年，6月、9月同上年同期比較78 礦化。但總趨勢還以淡化為主，淡化占56 72，礦化占23 44 。增大降雨入滲的關(guān)鍵是調(diào)控適宜的地下水埋深。1977年降雨1 185 mm, 但地下水埋深在1 2 m，不能蓄納全部雨水，淡水大量外排。1987年地下水埋深4.26 m，PPa=236 mm，沒有徑流外排，全部入滲地下。這就是80年代以來，雖然大部分年份偏旱，但地下水仍有淡化，特別是經(jīng)過1987年偏豐年，是地下水淡化更為明顯的原因。3 城區(qū)雨洪控制利用華北平原有咸水區(qū)的城市，是工農(nóng)業(yè)用水最為集中的地區(qū)。河北平原近20年來深層地下水超采400億m3，形成以天津、滄州、衡水、德州、廊坊等城市為中心的大面積深層地下水位降落漏斗區(qū)，引起生態(tài)環(huán)境嚴(yán)重惡化。城區(qū)淺層地下水咸水過去不予利用，地下水埋深較淺（雨季12 m，旱季36 m），甚至春季路面還有翻漿現(xiàn)象，難以蓄納雨水。而城區(qū)建筑密集、路面不透水，降雨后產(chǎn)生大量雨洪徑流，靠雨污合流全部外排。一方面水資源嚴(yán)重短缺，一方面雨洪資源又白白流走，是很大的浪費，而且增加了城區(qū)排水負(fù)擔(dān)。因此，增大城區(qū)雨洪控制利用，把當(dāng)?shù)亟涤贽D(zhuǎn)化為可利用的水資源，是緩解水資源危機的有效途徑。如何增大有咸水區(qū)雨洪控制利用，是城區(qū)增辟水資源的一個新課題?，F(xiàn)以滄州市城區(qū)（40 km2）為例，提出城區(qū)雨洪控制利用規(guī)劃的建議。3.1 建設(shè)城區(qū)咸水中水道，開發(fā)利用咸水在城區(qū)開發(fā)咸水，建立中水道供水系統(tǒng)。在城市工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、生活等領(lǐng)域凡有條件利用微咸水和咸水的不再使用淡水和自來水。1）生活用水，用咸水洗滌、沖廁、洗車等。2）工業(yè)用水，工廠冷卻用水、工地沖洗砂石料、制蜂窩煤等。3）環(huán)境用水，噴灑道路、消防用水、游泳池、噴水池用水、微咸水澆灌綠地林帶等。4）農(nóng)業(yè)用水，灌溉蔬菜作物，23 g/L 微咸水直接利用，35 g/L 咸水與淡水輪灌或混灌。5）公園湖塘水體養(yǎng)魚用水等。據(jù)滄州市實驗，咸水中水道可替代居民生活用自來水的1/2，即每年可少用750萬m3自來水（黃河水）。地下水埋深控制在23 m到56 m, 可抽取水量812萬m3/km2/a。騰出地下庫容，為蓄納雨洪徑流創(chuàng)造條件。隨著咸水不斷抽用，用降雨及地面淡水（包括引黃引江水）補充。年復(fù)一年反復(fù)抽補，咸水逐步淡化，1520年左右可能變?yōu)榈?.2 集蓄雨洪徑流，回灌地下水城區(qū)雨洪可利用量是在汛期降雨中扣除雨季蒸發(fā)、產(chǎn)流前濕潤下墊面損失，可能被攔蓄入滲或集蓄利用的水量，滄州市約為622萬m3。城區(qū)雨洪控制利用的途徑與措施如下：3.2.1 屋頂雨水?dāng)r蓄利用建立屋頂滲井回灌系統(tǒng)和屋頂人工湖系統(tǒng)。滲井和人工湖結(jié)合建筑區(qū)草坪統(tǒng)一安排。屋頂人工湖系統(tǒng)直接收集屋頂雨水經(jīng)過瀘后引入人工湖，補充水體，還可用于澆灌草坪回灌地下水。屋頂滲井回灌系統(tǒng)，是用管道與落水管連接直接收集屋頂?shù)挠晁?jīng)過瀘后引入滲井回灌地下水。北京市礫質(zhì)中砂地層直徑3 m、深8 m的滲井，對十年一遇降雨，可消納2 500 m2屋頂上產(chǎn)生的徑流量。滄州市規(guī)劃增建城區(qū)23 km2，屋頂面積約513萬m2。40的屋頂面積需修建屋頂相應(yīng)地面滲井1 700個。同時改造15 舊屋頂面積，修建350個滲井。到2010年使城區(qū)減少徑流量110萬m3，并入滲回灌地下水。3.2.2 建透水路面增大降雨入滲 1）新建仃車場和廣場地面采用透水材料，增加降雨入滲量。對原有停車場及廣場逐步進(jìn)行透水路面改造。2）新建人行道鋪裝透水磚，并低于馬路路面，減少徑流流失?，F(xiàn)有人行道隨更新翻修，逐步改為透水地面。3）修建道路蓄水入滲回灌系統(tǒng)，收集公路上的降雨徑流，經(jīng)油水分離、過瀘等處理后回灌地下或存蓄灌溉路邊花壇、草坪、樹木。北京市人行道鋪設(shè)透水方磚可減低暴雨徑流速度、流量、延長滯時，汛雨利用率為3540。滄州市到2010年道路廣場用地704 hm2。道路雨洪利用增加地下水補給量平水年為9萬m3，減少徑流量36萬m3。3.2.3 綠地草坪滯蓄汛雨關(guān)鍵是增加綠地降雨入滲量，減少徑流流失。北京市低于地面的草坪通過地下 1 m界面的入滲量占降雨與灌水總量的30以上，是與地面持平的草坪的1.6倍，是高于地面草坪的4.9倍。高草坪在平水年汛期有5.6 11的外泄徑流，而平草坪或低草坪無徑流外泄。因此，增大綠地雨洪利用要改高草坪為平草坪或低草坪。滄州市現(xiàn)有綠地面積69 hm2，到2010年新增735 hm2。建新草坪后降雨入滲系數(shù)較平草坪和高草坪分別增加0.1和0.2。在大型草坪中結(jié)合人工湖滲井系統(tǒng)，補給量及滯洪效果更佳。因此，也改善了生態(tài)環(huán)境景觀。綠地雨洪利用，到2010年平水年增加地下水補給量76萬m3，減少汛期徑流量190萬m3。3.2.4 增加城市水體城市水體不僅美化環(huán)境，增加水體面積還可提高防洪能力。實行雨污分流，使雨水排入河道、湖塘，增加淡水，凈化水體。滄州市規(guī)劃到2010年在南運河兩側(cè)建人民公園、勝利公園，南運河?xùn)|側(cè)建南湖公園并通過南運河互通互游。蓄水容積200萬m3，可調(diào)蓄雨洪75萬m3，增加入滲量37.5萬m3。采用以上四項措施，控制利用雨洪，到2010年可削減城區(qū)徑流量411萬m3，增加地下水補給量232.5萬m3。4 結(jié)語華北平原東部有咸水區(qū)，在農(nóng)村發(fā)展井灌井排渠灌溝排，在城市建設(shè)咸水中水道及透水路面、滲井、綠地等回灌設(shè)施，以開發(fā)利用淺層地下水包括微咸水和咸水為基礎(chǔ)，以調(diào)控合理的地下水埋深為中心，以土壤及潛水的地層空間作為調(diào)節(jié)大氣降水、土壤水、地下水、地表水的地下水庫。減少潛水蒸發(fā)，增大降雨入滲，減少徑流流失，汛雨洗鹽排鹽，淡化地下水質(zhì)，最大限度地把時空分布不均的天然降雨轉(zhuǎn)化為可利用的水資源。實現(xiàn)旱澇堿咸綜合治理，水資源可持續(xù)利用，社會經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展，生態(tài)環(huán)境良性循環(huán)。 參考文獻(xiàn)：1沈振榮，張瑜芳，等.華北地區(qū)大氣水地表水土壤水地下水相互轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系研究 75570101R.專題報告，1990.2朱延華，溫人星雪，等. 華北地區(qū)地下水資源評價75570103R.專題報告，1990.3賈允瑞，賴勤波，等華北平原微咸水利用前景研究.75 57 03 05R.專題報告，1990.4丁耀元，李杰軍.北京市雨洪利用規(guī)劃研究R. 21世紀(jì)初期首都水資源可持續(xù)利用規(guī)劃專題報告匯編，2000.5夏云程，齊衛(wèi)芳，等.合理調(diào)控地下水埋深增大水資源可利用量，1985.6Fang Sheng Hans. W. Wolter The "four water" concept in Chin GRID Issue 2 19937方生，陳秀玲.華北平原土壤水鹽動態(tài)特征及其調(diào)控,席承藩與我國土壤地理M. 陜西人民出版社，1994.8Fang Sheng Chen Xiuling Study on utilization and relamation of shallow saline groundwater Proceedings of the 30 th International Geological Congress Volume 22 VSP The 2Netherlands 1997 9方生，陳秀玲.關(guān)于黃淮海東部平原南水北調(diào)受水區(qū)水資源優(yōu)化配置與生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合治理的建議J.南水北調(diào)與水利科技， 2002，（1）.</Porganization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published < > and < > League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the citys organizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the groups leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the leagues leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department "on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the" Five "team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. "On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the" mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of <XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan "". To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt "arrangement menu" course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of <XX editing of young talent ", the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the "feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step" principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the citys young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance, study and implement the partys sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the citys cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around "11th Five-Year XX" the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the groups propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the "11th Five-Year" planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the "Three Represents" important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of "Three Represents" with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great significance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, inheriting and developing relationship between Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", to help young people establish and consciously practice Scientific Outlook on Development. Persist in learning, grasping the backbone, grasp the practice, grasp the opportunity. Catch club, effective way to grasp the network, with the group of cadres, young students and young backbone fronts as the focus, to promote the work of the armed youth theory to develop in depth, to help the youth continue to firm ideals and beliefs, to build a powerful spiritual pillar. To carry out the study and implementation of the partys sixteen session of the five Eight plenary session of the two plenary session of the Central Committee and the party spirit, to the citys Youth League members thinking into the spirit of the meeting, to achieve the goal of national consciousness and XX economic and social development in 11th Five-Year "period. Contribute to help and guide the youth to a profound understanding of the significance and main task of building a socialist harmonious society, actively join the construction of socialist harmonious society.(two) to strengthen the ideological and moral construction of teenagers. Thoroughly implement the central spirit of the document No. 8, No. 16 and "the program for Improving Civic Morality" to minors and students as focus groups, to strengthen and improve the ideological and moral construction of minors and the ideological and political education of college students. Make full use of the spirit and the spirit of the Three Gorges migrants Hongyan XX unique the use of educational resources, school, into the team, the league, to join the party, adult occasions, extensive "Hongyan spirit generation" theme education activities. Use of holidays and leisure time, youth organizations "three rural areas", "four communities", "four" and moral practice, guide the youth Youth to enhance national pride, self-esteem and self-confidence, to establish the trend of the times and adapt to the trend of thinking, value orientation and behavior.(three) innovative ways and means of ideological education. Grasp the new trend of the development of the times, the new hot new features and social ideological status of young people, to further explore the methods of ideological education using modern technology and communication mode of education make lively and vivid, fully embodies the "close to reality, close to life, close to the young" principle through the cultivation and selection. "Hongyan demonstration group", "good boy," Hongyan Hongyan "Youth" and other forms of more scientific use of advanced typical influence and promote youth, and strive to create advocating advanced, learning advanced, striving to advance a good atmosphere.Two, in order to "forge ahead with the motherland, and XX with the development" as its theme, guide the youth to build a common ideological basis fo