中考英語專題講練 狀語從句(含解析).doc
狀語從句狀語從句知識精講一、狀語從句概述定義狀語從句用作狀語,是起副詞作用的句子。位置狀語從句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,時間、條件、原因和讓步狀語從句放在句首時需要用逗號和主句隔開。分類根據(jù)其作用可以分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、讓步、方式和比較等狀語從句。作用它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語和整個句子。二、狀語從句的分類1. 時間狀語從句用表示時間的連詞連接一個句子作狀語,這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是時間狀語從句,具體用法如下表。從句引導(dǎo)詞用法例句when/while/as(當(dāng)時)when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞,又可以是瞬時動詞。when有時表示“就在那時”。1 1. When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬時動詞)當(dāng)她進(jìn)來的時候,我停下吃東西。2 2. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)我住在鄉(xiāng)下的時候,我經(jīng)常帶些水給他。while引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生(或者相對應(yīng))。while有時還可以表示對比。1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同時發(fā)生)當(dāng)我妻子在讀報紙的時候,我在看電視。2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.(對比)我喜歡踢足球,而你喜歡打籃球。as表示“一邊一邊”,as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作,一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生;as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后”。1. We always sing as we walk. (一邊一邊)我們總是邊唱邊走。2. As we were going out, it began to snow.(as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生)我們剛一出門就開始下雪了。before (在之前) before的本意為“在之前”,根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為“就/才”1 1. Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡前確定所有的燈都關(guān)上。2 2. You cant watch TV before you finish your homework.寫完作業(yè)才能看電視。since (自從)表示自過去的一個起點(diǎn)時間到目前(說話時間)為止的一段持續(xù)時間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時。1. Its a long time since I met you last. 好久不見。2. Mr. Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自從三年前來到中國,Mr. Green就在那所學(xué)校教書。since可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句;一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”),較為正式,語氣比because弱。1 Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你有時間,最好能幫我補(bǔ)補(bǔ)數(shù)學(xué)。till/until(直到)主句為肯定式,主句謂語動詞必須為持續(xù)性動詞,且該動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到 until / till 從句所表示的時間為止。1. He waited until/till I returned.他會等到我回來。2. He kept learning Math till his mother came back.直到他媽媽回來,他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。主句為否定式(包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定詞的肯定句)一般先譯從句“直到”,后譯主句,not譯成“才”,即“直到才” 1. He didnt leave until/till he was asleep.直到他睡著,他才離開。2. She didnt sleep until/till I returned.她直到我回來才睡下。2. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句的從句部分是補(bǔ)充說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的結(jié)果的,通常位于主句之后。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞如下表。引導(dǎo)詞構(gòu)成備注例句sothat(如此以至于)1. so+adj./adv.+that 2. so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that so與表示數(shù)量的代詞many,few,much,little等連用1. It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming.天如此熱以至于我們想去游泳。2. The poor family has so little money that they cant afford the expensive car.這個家庭有如此少的錢,以至于買不起這昂貴的車。suchthat(如此以至于)such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+thatsuch與a lot of 組成固定搭配,此時a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用such搭配如:such a lot of people 1. He is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing.他是如此出色的一個段子手,以至你會不禁大笑。2. There are such a lot of people on the beach that we have no place to enjoy our holiday.海濱有如此多的人,以至我們沒地度假。3. 目的狀語從句:從句部分是用以補(bǔ)充說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的目的。1). so that 以便(達(dá)到某種目的)如:You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.你要大點(diǎn)聲說,這樣大家就都能聽到你了。2). in order that 為了,如:She got up early in order that she could get to school on time.=She got up early in order to get to school on time.為了能夠準(zhǔn)時到校,她很早起床。4. 條件狀語從句由連接詞if或unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做條件狀語從句。引導(dǎo)詞用法例句if(如果)1. 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。(真實(shí)條件句)構(gòu)成:1) 主句:主語+ 一般將來時從句:if+主語+ 一般現(xiàn)在時2) 主句:祈使句從句:主語+ 一般現(xiàn)在時3) 主句:主語+情態(tài)動詞從句:if+主語+ 一般現(xiàn)在時1. If you ask him, he will help you.如果你讓他幫忙,他會幫的。2. Study hard, if you want to pass the exam.如果想通過考試,要努力學(xué)習(xí)。3. I can go with you if you want.如果你想,我可以跟你走。2. if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè);(非真實(shí)條件句)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況,構(gòu)成:從句:if+主語+過去時(be動詞均用were)主句:主語+should/would/could/might+do1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我就會邀請他去派對。2. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果那會我有錢,我就會借給你。unless(除非)表示強(qiáng)烈的否定;意思上=if not翻譯為:除非,若不,除非在的時候;1. You will fail unless you work harder.你如果不努力,就會失敗。2. Dont come unless I call you.除非我叫你,否則不要來。as long as(只要就)as long as也表示一種條件,但不是很強(qiáng)烈,是一種假設(shè)的條件。I will be ready to help you as long as you need me.只要你需要,我隨時可以幫忙。注意:1). unless 從句里的謂語只能是肯定式,因?yàn)閡nless本身表示否定;unless=if not,如:Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.如果你不是很累,我們出去散個步吧。2). 在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will.如:If you will(愿意) wait a minute, Ill go and tell my mother that you are here.如果你愿意等一分鐘,我將去告訴我媽媽你在這里。3). 下列從句中的will不是將來時助動詞,而是情態(tài)動詞。翻譯為“愿意”,如:If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.如果你愿意讀書,我就會借給你。Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁給我嗎?5. 讓步狀語從句1). 讓步狀語從句一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”,就是我們?nèi)粘I钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f”的感覺。2). 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有:although, though, as, if, even if, even though, while, whether (.) or not, whatever, no matter what/how/why,如:Though they are twin brothers, they dont look like each other.盡管他們是雙胞胎,但看起來一點(diǎn)都不像。6. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例where(在地方)“where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句,(there+)主句” “哪里哪里就”。主句在從句后面時,there可用可不用;主句在從句的前面時,一般都不用there.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。You should have put the book where you found it.你應(yīng)該把書放回原處。wherever(無論在哪)anywhere/wherever引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句+主句。anywhere本身是個副詞,但是??梢砸龑?dǎo)從句,相當(dāng)于連詞,意思相當(dāng)于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是個連詞,表示“在何處,無論何處”。Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman.無論海在何處,你都能找到海員。Ill go anywhere you go.我會跟你去任何地方。7. 原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as(既然)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時表示附帶。說明“雙方已知的原因”,語氣比since弱,較為正式,位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。As the weather is cold, I stay at home.既然天很冷,我還是待在家里吧。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.既然碗面下著雨,你最好打個車。since(因?yàn)椋┮龑?dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”),較為正式,語氣比because弱。Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然人都到齊了,我們就開始開會吧。because(因?yàn)椋┮龑?dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之后,表述直接原因,語氣較強(qiáng),最適合why引導(dǎo)的疑問句。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時可以與because of短語互換。The woman prefers winter because she can skate.這個女人更喜歡冬天,因?yàn)槟菚r她可以滑冰。for(因?yàn)椋┮龑?dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說明,for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后,并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定是生病了,因?yàn)榻裉焖麤]來。三點(diǎn)剖析一、重難點(diǎn):狀語從句在三大從句中較為簡單,不涉及語序變換,先行詞判斷等復(fù)雜過程,我們只需要根據(jù)實(shí)際語境進(jìn)行判斷句子中缺什么東西,對應(yīng)性地選出相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。然而有些關(guān)系詞的意思比較多變,區(qū)分這些詞在不同語境中的意思是這一部分的唯一難點(diǎn)。二、易錯點(diǎn):1. 狀語從句的區(qū)分和轉(zhuǎn)換sothat與enough to的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)主句和從句的主語一致,且that從句是肯定句時,可用“enough to do sth.”來轉(zhuǎn)換The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.當(dāng)主句和從句的主語不一致,且that從句是肯定句時,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”來替換,但注意不定式的賓語要省略。The question is so easy that I can work it out. The question is easy enough for me to work out.so.that.與too.to.的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)主句和從句的主語一致,且that從句是否定句時,可以用“too.to.”來替換。The girl is so young that she cant dress herself. The girl is too young to dress herself. 當(dāng)主句和從句的主語不一致,且that從句是否定時,如果要用“too.to.替換“so.that.”,則用介詞for引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語,可以用“too.for sb. to do sth.”來替換,注意不定式的賓語要省略。The bag is so heavy that she cant move it. The bag is too heavy for her to move. It is so hot that we cant sleep. It is too hot for us to sleep. so.that.與suchthat的轉(zhuǎn)換sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。Its such an interesting film that we all want to see it. Its so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 從用法上看,so后應(yīng)接形容詞或副詞,而such后接名詞(參見以上例句)。但有時“so+形容詞”后還可接一個名詞,且這個名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)。試比較:正:He is so clever a child that we all like him.這小孩很聰明,我們都喜歡他。正:They are such clever children that we all like them. 誤:They are so clever children that we all like them. 2. if在賓語從句和狀語從句中不同的含義。在賓語從句中我們說過if在賓語和狀語從句中意義不同,賓語從句中意為“是否”,而條件狀語從句中作“如果”理解,如:I dont know if they will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他們會不會來。If we I get any information about him, I will tell you.如果我得到他的任何信息,我都會告訴你。題模精選題模一:時間,結(jié)果,目的狀語從句例1.1.1 John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.A afterB beforeC whileD as soon as例1.1.2 Can you play game with us when your homework _?A is finishedB will finishC finishD will be finished例1.1.3 Lin Shuhao is _ famous _ all the basketball fans in China know him.A too; toB enough toC so; thatD as; as例1.1.4 Mr. Green speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear him clearly.A whenB so thatC becauseD in order to題模二:條件,原因,讓步狀語從句例1.2.1 You will fall behind others _ you work hard.A ifB unlessC thoughD since例1.2.2 We should give the boy another chance _ he has made some mistakes.A thoughB whenC unlessD because例1.2.3 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子,每空一詞。李明昨天沒來上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×?。Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1 Tom was sleeping _ his brother was reading a magazine.A untilB whileC beforeD after隨練1.2 _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A ThoughB SinceC ForD So隨練1.3 I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.A whenB thatC untilD because隨練1.4 We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A comesB comeC will comeD is coming隨練1.5 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子1. 無論他跟我開什么玩笑,我都不生氣。I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布魯斯太太對學(xué)生非常親切,以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)做母親。Mrs. Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我們竭盡全力,父母就會滿意我們的表現(xiàn)。Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就給我打個電話好嗎?Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai?5. 這個七歲的女孩如此酷愛鋼琴,以至于他已經(jīng)堅(jiān)持練習(xí)兩年了。The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years.隨練1.6 -Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A comes; isB comes; will beC will come; isD will come; will be自我總結(jié)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1 You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play.A beforeB afterC whenD while作業(yè)2 I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A sinceB so thatC as ifD unless作業(yè)3 When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A whichB thatC whereD though作業(yè)4 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子1. 他長大后想當(dāng)一名記者。He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.2. 既然他的腿受傷了,他今天就不能來上學(xué)了_ _ _ his leg, he cant get to school today.3. 如果人人為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn),世界將會變得更美好。_ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.4. 雖然她很忙,他還堅(jiān)持自學(xué)英語。_ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.5. 無論你逃到天涯海角,我都會找到你!_ _ _ you go, I will find you at last!作業(yè)5 _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A So long asB In order thatC No matter howD The moment答案解析狀語從句題模精選題模一:時間,結(jié)果,目的狀語從句例1.1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查時間狀語從句。從句過去進(jìn)行時表正在進(jìn)行,一般用while引導(dǎo),故選C。例1.1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查狀語從句時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。首先從句主語為homework,所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài),排除BC;又根據(jù)語境,為對將來的一種詢問,而從句可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,故選A。例1.1.3【答案】C【解析】 考查結(jié)果狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:林書豪如此有名,以至于所有中國籃球粉絲都知道他。如此以至于,后又為形容詞,所以用sothat句型,故選C。例1.1.4【答案】B【解析】 考查目的狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:格林先生說話聲音很大,以便所有學(xué)生都能清楚地聽到他。so that表示大聲說話的目的,符合題意,故選B。題模二:條件,原因,讓步狀語從句例1.2.1【答案】B【解析】 考查條件狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:如果你不努力,就會落后。unless=if not如果不,符合題意,故選B。例1.2.2【答案】A【解析】 考查讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:盡管他犯了些錯誤,我們應(yīng)該再給這個男孩一次機(jī)會。表盡管,故選A。例1.2.3【答案】 because he was ill【解析】 考查原因狀語從句。生病是李明沒來上學(xué)的原因,所以用because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查時間狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:當(dāng)他哥哥讀雜志的時候,湯姆在睡覺。表示兩個動作同時進(jìn)行,而且有一種對比的意味,故選B。隨練1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:盡管他很老,他仍能搬動這個很重的箱子。前后兩句有種讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,故選A。隨練1.3【答案】D【解析】 考查原因狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:昨天我遲到了,因?yàn)槲业淖孕熊噳牧?。自行車壞了是遲到的原因,故選D。隨練1.4【答案】A【解析】 考查條件狀語從句時態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句在表述將來的事情時,遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,即主句用將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,故選A。隨練1.5【答案】 1. no matter what; plays2. so; that; regarded; as3. as long as4. as soon as5. so much that【解析】 1. 考查讓步狀語從句。no matter what無論什么;play jokes開玩笑。2. 考查結(jié)果狀語從句。sothat如此以至于;regard sb. as把某人當(dāng)做。3. 考查條件狀語從句。as long as只要就。4. 考查時間狀語從句。as soon as一就,同時注意“主將從現(xiàn)”。5. 考查結(jié)果狀語從句。sothat如此以至于。隨練1.6【答案】C【解析】 考查賓語從句和條件狀語從句的時態(tài)。本題兩個if引導(dǎo)的從句,但第一句為賓語從句,意思為“是否”;第二句是條件狀語從句,意思為“如果”。賓語從句主句一般現(xiàn)在時,從句時態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定,根據(jù)回答可知打籃球的事情還未發(fā)生,故用將來時,排除AB;又第二句為if引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,對未來描述遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”,故選C。作業(yè)1【答案】A【解析】 考查時間狀語從句。根據(jù)語境,出去玩之前應(yīng)該完成功課,故選A。作業(yè)2【答案】B【解析】 考查目的狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:我健步如飛,以保證自己不遲到。不遲到是自己很快地走的目的;A自從;B以至;C好像;D除非,故選B。作業(yè)3【答案】C【解析】 考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:當(dāng)你讀書的時候,你最好在有問題的地方作標(biāo)記。后面缺在哪,即地點(diǎn)狀語,故選C。作業(yè)4【答案】 1. when he grows up2. Since he broke3. If everyone makes a contribution to4. Though she was busy5. No matter where【解析】 1. 考查時間狀語從句。當(dāng)時候用when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,注意時態(tài)的同意和三單動詞變化。2. 考查原因狀語從句。腿受傷是不能來上學(xué)顯而易見的原因,所以用since;腿肯定是以前傷的,用過去時。3. 考查條件狀語從句?!叭绻泵黠@用if引導(dǎo)的條件句,注意“主將從現(xiàn)”的時態(tài),以及make a contribution的固定表達(dá)。4. 考查讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)語境,應(yīng)該用though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,再根據(jù)主句判斷時態(tài)為過去時。5. 考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。無論哪里,地點(diǎn)狀語從句,用no matter where或wherever引導(dǎo)。作業(yè)5【答案】C【解析】 考查讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)句意:無論你開車開得多好,你都必須要非常小心。A只要就;B為了;C無論多么;D當(dāng)那一刻,故選C。