中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十八 閱讀理解 第7講 閱讀理解CD篇.doc

專題十八閱讀理解第7講北京西城二模閱讀理解CD篇教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。2. 掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。3. 通過(guò)閱讀理解高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。C篇名師點(diǎn)撥知識(shí)篇“巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。）單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義拓展掌握情況優(yōu)良差speak up大聲講，暢所欲言onlineadj. 在線的get along with與和睦相處disagreev. 不同意opp. agreen. disagreement arguev. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論n. argument respectfullyadv.恭敬地adj. respectful discussionn. 討論v. discusscalmlyadj.冷靜地，平靜的point out指出，指明patientadj. 有耐心的liev.說(shuō)謊，躺n. 謊言avoidv.避開，避免wrongadj.錯(cuò)誤的opp. righttrustv. 相信，信任freedomn.自由adj. free長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。）1. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.（優(yōu)*良*差*）_句意：大約三分之二的孩子們說(shuō)他們與父母相處的很好。本句中包含著一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作said的賓語(yǔ)，that省略。2. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.（優(yōu)*良*差*）_句意：當(dāng)他們與父母意見不一致的時(shí)候，他們說(shuō)他們進(jìn)行了冷靜地討論。本句中包含著一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。3. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life.（優(yōu)*良*差*）_句意：孩子們和父母在生命旅程的不同時(shí)期的相處是不同的。本句翻譯時(shí)要注意中英語(yǔ)序的差別。方法篇“方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。第四步逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。題型題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題解釋本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1. Which of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案典題精析Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their tools本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝?！?，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理判斷題解釋推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。設(shè)題方式1. It can be inferred from the text that_.2. From the text we know that _.3. With which of the following does the author agree?4. The passage is probably taken from a _.解題技巧1. 通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷典題精析Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developingher mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.Grayson Perry, an artist,grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A. stress the great differences between themB. introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC. suggest good ways of going through boredomD. show effects of boredom on developing creativity本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長(zhǎng)，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意為“Meera Syal說(shuō)無(wú)聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為He became creative, because he could think freely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無(wú)聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，”，故選D。題型題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題解釋單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。設(shè)題方式1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _.2. The word“”most likely means _.3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _.解題技巧1. 通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義3. 通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義4. 通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義5. 通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義典題精析Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Slow down.B. Keep up with.C. Go beyond.D. Give rise to.本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無(wú)聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來(lái)”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題解釋考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。設(shè)題方式1. 問(wèn)標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _.2. 問(wèn)中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _.3. 問(wèn)目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _.解題技巧1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫作意圖典題精析In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handersC. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變。可以判定答案為Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。語(yǔ)篇精講瀏覽問(wèn)題（抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號(hào)題干及選項(xiàng)1According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? （細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. 2What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? （細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. 3According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? （細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 4What can we learn from the passage? （推理判斷題）A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The relationship between parents and kidsstays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 通篇尋讀（通讀文章，根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語(yǔ)或句子，為逐題分析做準(zhǔn)備）話題體裁字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)實(shí)際用時(shí)正確率星級(jí)日常生活類說(shuō)明文3807分鐘_/4Kids Speak UpIn an online poll (投票), TIME FOR KIDS and Kids Health. org asked kids how they are getting along with their parents. Heres what they told us. Getting Along and Having Fun About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents. About four out of five told us they have fun with their parents. But that doesnt mean they never disagree. In fact, most kids reported arguing with their parents sometimes. “Its common to disagree and argue,” says DArcy Lyness, a child psychologist (心理學(xué)家). “But its also important to learn how to do so respectfully.” About half of the kids said they are doing that. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.But two out of five kids said arguments always involve shouting at each other. Lyness points out that shouting never helps. “Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Dont use a raised, angry voice.”Not surprisingly, three out of four kids admitted (承認(rèn)) to lying at times. Many said they lie to avoid getting in trouble or disappointing their parents. According to Lyness, lying isnt just wrong. It can actually get bad results. Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says. A Changing Relationship Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun, feeling less close, and not getting along as well with their parents.According to Lyness, those feelings are not uncommon. As kids grow up, they have more disagreements or arguments with their parents. But it doesnt have to be that way. “Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,” she says. As kids grow and change, it is important for everybody to adapt (適應(yīng)). “Theres a dance of ways that you act with others and get along,” she points out. “Then theres a change, and its a different dance.” Change is normal, she stresses. Share this story with your family. You may find that you have a lot to talk about. 逐題分析語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇日常生活類的說(shuō)明文，主要闡述了孩子成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中在與父母相處方面遇到的一些問(wèn)題及針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的解決方法。1. According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. 解析：B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“根據(jù)這項(xiàng)投票，有多少孩子與父母相處的融洽？”，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)get along very well with可將答案鎖定在文章第二段中，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.可知答案為大約2/3，故選B。2. What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. 解析：C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵句when arguments happen可將答案鎖定在第4段中，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Dont use a raised, angry voice.”“大聲說(shuō)出來(lái)，讓你的父母知道你的想法，但是要耐心一些，不要用一個(gè)提高音調(diào)的，生氣的聲音。”，通過(guò)本句可知，在和父母發(fā)生爭(zhēng)論時(shí)，孩子應(yīng)該耐心的表達(dá)出自己的想法，故選C。3. According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 解析：A. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)get more freedom可將答案鎖定在文章第五段中，根據(jù)段中關(guān)鍵句Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says. “講出事實(shí)能夠鑄造信任?！爱?dāng)父母能夠相信你時(shí)，他們可能給你更多自由?！保士梢耘袛嘁氆@得更多自由，應(yīng)該講事實(shí)，故選A。4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 解析：D推理判斷題。本題需要逐項(xiàng)排除。A項(xiàng)意為“父母和孩子之間的分歧是可以避免的。”，根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Its common to disagree and argue,”可知“爭(zhēng)吵和分歧是常見的”，所以此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)意為“12到14歲的孩子撒謊更多，因?yàn)樗麄冇懈俚臉?lè)趣?！?，根據(jù)第六段關(guān)鍵句Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun,可知撒謊更多與樂(lè)趣更少之間不是因果關(guān)系，故此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)意為“父母和孩子之間的關(guān)系保持不變”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,”可知孩子在不同時(shí)期與父母之間的關(guān)系是不同的，故此項(xiàng)排除；D項(xiàng)意為“為了相處融洽，父母和孩子都應(yīng)該做出改變?！?，根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句Change is normal, she stresses.“改變是正常的”可知此項(xiàng)正確，故選D。精講筆記（學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法）語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)）單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句）語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種）細(xì)節(jié)理解題1、2、3推理判斷題4詞義猜測(cè)題主旨大意題能力提升基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義speak upadj. 在線的get along withv. 不同意v. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論respectfullyadv.n. 討論adj.冷靜地，平靜的point outadj. 有耐心的v.說(shuō)謊，躺v.避開，避免wrongadj.v. 相信，信任freedomn.二、句子英漢互譯1. 當(dāng)UFO著陸的時(shí)候，他正在購(gòu)物。_.2. 我知道他是一名加拿大運(yùn)動(dòng)員。_.3. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents._.4. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly._.5. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life._.閱讀練習(xí)話題體裁字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)實(shí)際用時(shí)正確率星級(jí)廣告布告類說(shuō)明文3537分鐘_/4Kids dont have a voice. They have no way to share their ideas. TEDx Youth is a locally organized event, where live talks and recorded videos are shared with the community(社區(qū)). TEDx Youth is always held on Childrens Day every year. It brings together big ideas from, and for kids. More importantly, it encourages kids to share their ideas with the world.“Age is but a number. Youre not too young to change the world. Planning an event alongside young people makes you realize that kids have ideas that an adult might usually not think of,” said one TEDx Youth speaker. Another speaker said, “What I have come to realize is that no matter where you live or how old you are, everyone is eager to be someone great.”O(jiān)rganizing a TEDx Youth event shows that kids are able to do much more than whats expected. They truly take this event and make it even more than what everyone hopes it will be. “The fact that youth, just like me, had planned and run the event shocked me most,” said one volunteer. “I thought the event was surprising. I couldnt believe that kids of my age made the event happen.”There are several ways to take part in TEDx Youth. The easiest way is to become a speaker, if you think your idea is worth spreading. Another way is to attend an event. And lastly, you can become a TEDx Youth Reporter. Reporters take pictures from the event and post them on line, and send news about what is happening at event, interview some of the speakers, and write articles about the event. “It was wonderful to see how youth team members were with the whole event and how thankful they were (and still are!) to be given such an unbelievable chance as being part of a TEDx event,” said an organizer. TEDx Youth is welcoming kids from every culture who want to have a deeper understanding of the world. Those who get involved with it believe in the power of ideas, which can change attitudes, lives and the world.1. What is the main purpose of holding a TEDx Youth event?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A. To give kids a chance to record videos. B. To spread kids ideas all over the worldC. To raise money for the local community D. To help kids with their schoolwork2. What did a volunteer think of the event?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A. Quite typical B. Pretty crazy C. Rather difficult D. Surprising good3. One of a reporters jobs is to _.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）A. give a talk B. do some interviews C. plan an event D. organize some activities4. What is the best title of this passage?（主旨大意題）A. When Is TEDx Youth Held? B. Why can Kids Realize Their Dreams?C. How Can Kids Share Big Ideas? D. What Changes Can TEDx Youth Bring Us?參考答案基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義speak up大聲講，暢所欲言onlineadj. 在線的get along with與和睦相處disagreev. 不同意arguev. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論respectfullyadv.恭敬地discussionn. 討論calmlyadj.冷靜地，平靜的point out指出，指明patientadj. 有耐心的liev.說(shuō)謊，躺avoidv.避開，避免wrongadj.錯(cuò)誤的trustv. 相信，信任freedomn.自由二、句子英漢互譯。1. He was shopping when the UFO landed. 2. I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. 3. 大約三分之二的孩子們說(shuō)他們與父母相處的很好。4. 當(dāng)他們與父母意見不一致的時(shí)候，他們說(shuō)他們進(jìn)行了冷靜地討論。5. 孩子們和父母在生命旅程的不同時(shí)期的相處是不同的。閱讀練習(xí)1. B 2. D 3. B 4. CD篇名師點(diǎn)撥知識(shí)篇高頻詞單詞/短語(yǔ)詞性詞義拓展掌握情況優(yōu)良差insteadadv.代替，反而，相反limited adj.有限的limit v. 限制，限定adventuren. 冒險(xiǎn)explorev.探索，探險(xiǎn)suitv.適合，使適應(yīng)according to根據(jù)，按照put off推遲nearbyadj. 附近的pull away（火車等）開始行駛funnyadj.有趣的，好笑的definitelyadv.當(dāng)然，肯定的pleasev.使高興，使?jié)M意practicaladj.實(shí)際的，實(shí)用的in case以防，萬(wàn)一sickadj. 生病的長(zhǎng)難句1. Instead, they walk around with backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleep under the stars if necessary.（優(yōu)*良*差*）_句意：相反，他們背著裝著他們所需要的必需品的雙肩背包四處走走，如果有必要的話準(zhǔn)備好了在戶外睡覺(jué)。本句中短語(yǔ)filled with everything they need為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾backpacks，表示被動(dòng)，雙肩背包被裝滿。2. With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying the lower the price, the better.（優(yōu)*良*差*）_句意：考慮到他們有限的預(yù)算，他們需要根據(jù)一個(gè)原則來(lái)選擇住宿和交通價(jià)格越低，越好。本句包含初中階段重點(diǎn)句型“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”，意為“越，越”，本句型也可以用在寫作中。3. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together.（優(yōu)*良*差*）_句意：和朋友一起旅行能夠幫助你學(xué)習(xí)與人相處和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。本句型中的travelling with friends為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)。方法篇“方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。第四步逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。題型題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題解釋本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1. Which of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案典題精析Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are ri