2020版高考英語一輪復習 Unit 13 People講義 北師大版必修5.doc

Unit 13 People(一)課前自主學習.閱讀單詞知其意1selfassessment n自我評估2lawyer n. 律師3physicist n. 物理學家4uniform n. 制服5chain n. 鏈條；一連串的事物6athletic adj. 喜愛運動的7harvest n. 收獲8airline n. 航空公司，航空線9assistant n. 助手，助理10academic adj. 學術(shù)的.重點單詞寫其形1weakness n. 弱點，缺陷2accuse vt. 控告，譴責3possibility n. 可能性4confirm v. 證實5desire n. 渴望，欲望6account n. (銀行)賬戶7deserve vt. 縱聯(lián)1 應得，值得8gifted adj. 有天賦的9satisfaction n. 滿意，滿足10previous_ adj. 以前的，過去的11gain vt. 縱聯(lián)2 獲得；增加12positive adj. 積極的13upset adj. 縱聯(lián)3 不安的，不快的14guilty adj. 不安的；有罪的15parttime adv. 部分時間地16disability n. 縱聯(lián)4 殘疾；無能力17fault_n. 錯誤；缺點18requirement n. 縱聯(lián)5 要求19grateful adj. 感謝的，感激的.拓展單詞通其變1strength n長處，優(yōu)勢strengthen v增強strong adj.強壯的2concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)concentration n專心，專注3associate vt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系association n聯(lián)想；協(xié)會4expression n表情；詞語；感情express vt.表達，表示n.快遞5accurately adv.精確地，準確地accurate adj.精確的，準確的accuracy n精確6description n描述，形容describe v描寫，描述describer n描述者7predict vt.預言，預測prediction n預測，預告predictor n預言家8independent adj.獨立的independence n獨立depend vi.依賴，依靠9relief n減輕，寬慰relieve v使安慰，緩解10anxiety n憂慮，擔心anxious adj.憂慮的；焦急的anxiously adv.憂慮地11judge vt.評判 n法官judgement n判斷；判斷力12devote vt.專心致志于，獻身于devotion n奉獻devoted adj.獻身的，忠誠的縱聯(lián)1.“詞中詞”法幫你記servedeserve值得 antdistant遙遠的havebehave表現(xiàn) armharm傷害plainexplain解釋 starstarve挨餓endtend趨向縱聯(lián)2.“獲得”動詞集錦gain winacquire obtainearn getachieve fulfill縱聯(lián)3.不要“不安或煩惱”bother disturbtrouble annoyirritate upsetuneasy nervous縱聯(lián)4.識記含“dis”否定前綴的單詞dislike v不喜歡；厭惡 disagree v不同意disappear v消失 disadvantage n不利條件；弱點disbelieve v不信；懷疑 disobey v不服從；違抗disability n殘疾縱聯(lián)5.盤點含后綴“ment”的名詞movement運動 development發(fā)展improvement改善 equipment設備arrangement安排 requirement要求establishment建立 management管理agreement協(xié)議單元話題個人情況及與人相處子話題1優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)considerate adj.體貼的 respectful adj.恭敬的enthusiastic adj.熱情的 merciful adj.仁慈的modest adj.謙虛的 reliable adj.可信賴的patient adj.有耐心的子話題2和諧相處harmony n和諧 harmonious adj.和諧的friendly adj.友好的 cooperate vi.合作admirable adj.值得贊賞的 consult vt.請教；商量acpany vt.陪同 congratulate vt.祝賀congratulation n祝賀 promote vt.促進；提升子話題3爭執(zhí)與沖突conflict n沖突 friction n沖突，不和prejudice n偏見 tension n. 緊張氣氛abandon vt.舍棄 abuse vt.辱罵condemn vt.指責 embarrass vt.使尷尬學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應用1(2017北京高考閱讀D)So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The (possible) of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of puter scientists.寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：disability用所給詞的適當形式填空：possibility寫出加黑詞在此處的漢語意思：集中(注意力)2(2009浙江高考任務型閱讀)You cant be everything to everybody. Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses. To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate them. Youll bee more successful if you are able to channel your efforts to areas that you do best. In business, for example, if you know you are good at marketing, then give it full play. Seek help or assistance in areas that you may be poor at, such as accounting or bookkeeping.To turn your weakness into strength, consider taking handson learning or training.寫出加黑詞塊在此處的漢語意思：優(yōu)勢和劣勢處應填介詞：on寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：assistant寫出加黑詞在本單元的名詞形式：account高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2016全國卷書面表達)這個暑假我打算在外企做份兼職工作，通過做兼職工作，我想拓寬一下我的視野、獲得一些工作經(jīng)驗并結(jié)識一些新朋友。(parttime, gain)This_summer_vacation_I_intend_to_take_up_a_parttime_job_in_a_foreign_pany,_through_which_I_would_like_to_broaden_my_horizons,_gain_some_working_experience_and_meet_some_new_friends.2(2015陜西高考書面表達)我保證我一定不會辜負你們的期望。如果你們能好好考慮一下(我的申請)的話，我將不勝感激。(grateful)I_am_sure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations._I_will_be_grateful_if_you_could_give_me_a_kind_consideration. (二)課堂重點釋疑1concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)記牢(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.聚精會神于(做)某事concentrate ones attention/energy . on/upon (doing) .集中某人的注意力/精力于(做)(2)concentration n. 專心，集中(3)concentrated adj. 集中的，全神貫注的練通單句語法填空We must concentrate our energies on treating (treat) addiction first.Whats more, I find out that I still have some bad learning habits as well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, and I will conquer the problem by spending more efforts on concentration (concentrate) practice.He made a concentrated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time.一句多譯他將注意力全部集中在技術(shù)問題上。He_concentrated_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology.(concentrate)He_fixed/focused_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology.(fix/focus)He_put_his_heart_into_the_question_of_technology.(put ones heart into)寫美(2018浙江高考書面表達)如果一名志愿者不能集中精力，她就無法勝任這份工作。If_a_volunteer_is_unable_to_concentrate_her_energy,_she_will_be_unable_to_be_fit_for_the_position.聯(lián)想表示“專注于；專心于”的短語還有：fix onfocus onput ones heart into be buried inabandon oneself to be lost inbe devoted to be absorbed in 2deserve vt.應得，值得記牢deserve consideration/attention/respect值得考慮/關(guān)注/尊敬deserve to do sth. 應該做某事deserve doing/to be done 值得做練通完成句子With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation_deserves_attention.隨著許多野生動物逐漸滅絕，目前形勢值得關(guān)注。They had some excellent players, so they certainly deserved_to_win that match.他們有一些優(yōu)秀的隊員，所以他們理所當然地贏得了那場比賽。句型轉(zhuǎn)換It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respect.It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting.It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected.用準deserve不用于進行時態(tài)，且deserve doing相當于deserve to be done，此時動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，類似的單詞還有need, want, require等。寫美(2013廣東高考書面表達)不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社會中都起著一定的作用，因此值得我們應有的尊敬。No_matter_how_ordinary_a_job_is,_it_plays_a_part_in_society_and_therefore_deserves_our_due_respect.3associate vt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系記牢(1)associate .with .使與聯(lián)系起來associate with sb. 與某人交往/共事be associated with 與有關(guān)(2)association n. 聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會；社團in association with 與聯(lián)合；與有關(guān)聯(lián)練通單句語法填空There has always been a close association (associate) between the two schools.Mother warned the boys not to associate with bad panions.The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.In the childrens minds summer is associated (associate) with picnics.一句多譯有很多嚴重的健康問題與吸煙有關(guān)。There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定語從句)There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分詞作定語)There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking.(使用介詞短語作定語)寫美(2018天津高考書面表達)這是將你的才能與實踐聯(lián)系起來的一次好機會。Its_a_good_opportunity_to_associate_your_talent_with_the_practice.聯(lián)想“與有關(guān)”的其他表達還有：be related tohave something to do withbe in connection with be connected with4accuse vt.控告，指控，譴責記牢(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指責/控告某人(做)某事(2)the accused 被告辨析accuse, charge動詞含義搭配accuse當面指責或指控accuse sb.of .charge因犯較大錯誤或重大罪行而正式起訴charge sb.with .練通選詞填空/單句語法填空The neighbour who was once charged with attempted murder accused me of playing my radio too loudly.(charge/accuse)I dont think its fair to accuse me of having (have) an attitude problem.The accused (accuse) was declared to be innocent by the court.He charged the minister with lying about the economy.句式升級Tom was accused of cheating in the exam and he was in low spirits.(用過去分詞短語作狀語)Accused_of_cheating_in_the_exam,_Tom_was_in_low_spirits.寫美(2013福建高考書面表達)父母常被指責為孩子安排好一切，并不遺余力地為孩子的成功鋪好道路。Parents_are_often_accused_of_arranging_everything_for_their_children_and_sparing_no_effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.5desire n渴望，欲望v.期望，渴望記牢(1)a desire for sth.對的渴望a desire to do sth. 做某事的渴望/愿望a desire that . 的愿望(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire that . 希望練通單句語法填空(2015湖南高考)I had a strong desire to_reach (reach) in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.He desired that I (should)_go (go) abroad for further education.Those foreigners desire to_visit (visit) the Great Wall.He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times. 一句多譯我們班的每個學生都渴望上名牌大學。Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire n)Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_for_a_famous_university.(desire n)Each student in our class desires_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire v)用準desire后無論是跟賓語從句還是跟同位語從句，都應該用虛擬語氣，其形式是“(should)動詞原形”。寫美(2013重慶高考書面表達)我們渴望你能為我們的項目提供一些資金，也提供一些實用的建議。Its_our_desire_that_you_should_provide_some_money_to_fund_our_program,_as_well_as_offer_us_some_practical_suggestions.6relief n寬慰，輕松；解脫；減輕，消除；緩和記牢(1)to ones relief 令人感到欣慰的是What a relief! 可松口氣了！in relief 如釋重負；松了口氣(2)relieve v. 解除，減輕，緩和relieve sb.of 解除某人的(負擔、痛苦等)練通單句語法填空Seeing the baby fall asleep, the young mother smiled in_relief.What a relief! It almost took us five years to pay back all the money we borrowed from the bank.The new secretary will relieve us of the paperwork.Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve (relief) tension and stress.完成句子Much_to_his_relief,_his son found a job smoothly last month.令他感到非常寬慰的是，他的兒子上個月順利地找到了工作。寫美(2018天津高考書面表達)你在機器人競賽(robotics petition)中獲得過一等獎，如果你能加入我們的團隊我們會感到很安心。You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_petition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.7account vt.認為是，視為n.解釋，說明；賬目；(銀行)賬戶；描述，敘述辨清寫出下列句中 account的含義I opened a bank account after I made 1,000 yuan by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation.賬戶Much to our surprise, the witnesss account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects. 描述，敘述In English law a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty.認為是，視為The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve.賬目記牢(1)account for說明(原因等)；作出解釋；占比例(2)on account of 由于，因為on no account 決不(放在句首時，句子要倒裝)take .into accounttake account oftake .into consideration 考慮到練通單句語法填空How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.完成句子Taking_his_age_into_account,_we shouldnt be so strict with him.考慮到他的年齡，我們不應該對他如此嚴格。On_no_account_can_you_give_up whatever happens.不管發(fā)生什么你決不能放棄。用準on no account表示“決不”，放在句首時，句子用部分倒裝，類似的表示“決不”的短語還有：in no caseby no meansat no time in no wayon no condition under/in no circumstances寫美(2014湖南高考書面表達)在我的新發(fā)明中我必須考慮一些特定的因素。There_are_some_certain_factors_I_must_take_into_account_on_my_new_invention._8devote vt.獻身于，專心致志于記牢(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth.獻身于/致力于(做)某事devote ones life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.把某人的一生/時間/金錢/精力奉獻于(做)某事(2)devoted adj. 忠實的；深愛的be devoted to (doing) sth. 專心于/奉獻于(做)某事(3)devotion n. 關(guān)愛；關(guān)照；奉獻；忠誠練通單句語法填空He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding (find) a cure for the disease.Li Lei is my devoted (devote) friend and he has devoted himself to improving (improve) the education of the local people.From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)句式升級The young lady is devoted to teaching the deaf children and has little time to care for her own daughter.Devoting_herself_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)Devoted_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(過去分詞作狀語)寫美(2018全國卷書面表達)我經(jīng)常在空閑的時候和我的同學們在學校體育館打羽毛球。I_often_devote_my_free_time_to_playing_badminton_with_my_classmates_in_the_school_stadium.聯(lián)想devote (oneself) to中的to是介詞，其后常接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，類似的短語還有：look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事be opposed/object to (doing) sth. 反對(做)某事get down to (doing) sth. 開始著手(做)某事pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事lead to (doing) sth. 導致(做)某事be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth. 習慣于(做)某事adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. 適應(做)某事be addicted to (doing) sth. 對(做)某事上癮9judge n裁判，法官vt.評判；判斷；審判，判決記牢(1)judge .from/by .從來判斷as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷；我認為(2)judging by/from 從上看；根據(jù)判斷(3)judgement n. 判斷力；評價練通單句語法填空He had entirely lost faith in his own judgement (judge) because of that fault.Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by/from what you wear.完成句子As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.依我看來，他能實現(xiàn)上大學的夢想。Judging_by/from_the_expression_on_her_face,_she must have news of great excitement to tell us.從她臉上的神情看，她一定有令人興奮的消息要告訴我們。用準judging from/by用在句首時，為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語而不采用過去分詞的形式。寫美(2018江蘇高考書面表達)很明顯，盲目聽從別人的意見會影響我們自己的判斷。Apparently,_blindly_following_others_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgement.詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓練.單詞拼寫1(2018天津高考)The possibility (可能性) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.2Our facial expressions (表情) convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. 3(2014浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict (預測) when the unexpected will happen.4I decided to apply my previous (以前的) experience to learning how to read and write.5To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths (長處，強項) and weaknesses (弱點，缺點)6Dont blame him for the accident; its not his fault (錯誤)7It is our hope that the two countries will live in peace forever(永遠)8He feels quite guilty (有罪的) about being unable to take care of his sick father because of his busy work.9We still had a good harvest (收獲) of wheat this year in spite of the heavy drought in spring.10Such a positive (積極的) attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.單句語法填空1I cannot make that decision for you; you will have to use your judgement (judge)2I always associate that song with my visit to Hawaii.3He had a strong desire to_carry (carry) out the discussion put forward at yesterdays meeting.4If you have enough evidence, you can accuse government officials of corruption.5I think the Birds Nest deserves to_be_visited/visiting (visit) again.6Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class.7Devoted (devote) to the study of science, she had little time to take care of her children.8The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.9When his daughter came home at last, he was in relief.10Those who fail to meet these requirements (require) will not be admitted to the club.單句改錯1Judged from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.JudgedJudging2The teacher desired that all the homework was handed in before school was over.第一個wasbe3As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and accurate.accurateaccurately4The teens accuse their parents with misleading them.withof5Neighbors devoted their spare time to help others rebuild.helphelping.完成句子1Judging_from_his_tone,_there is no doubt he is against the plan.從他的語氣判斷，他是反對這個計劃的。2To_our_relief,_the disease didnt burst out as expected.令我們欣慰的是，這種疾病并沒有像預計的那樣爆發(fā)。3On_no_account_should_you_leave the baby alone in the house.你切不可將嬰兒獨自留在家中。4Playing puter games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate_on_our_studies.放學后玩電腦游戲能使我們放松，但是作為學生，我們必須集中精力學習。5We are working in_association_with_a_local_pany to raise money for the homeless.我們正在聯(lián)合一家當?shù)氐墓荆瑸闊o家可歸的人籌款。(一)課前自主學習1e_up_with提出，想出2concentrate_on 集中于；專注于3talk_sb.into_doing_sth._ 說服某人做某事4draw_up 起草5end_up_ 結(jié)果為；以結(jié)束6on_the_other_hand 另一方面7in_terms_of 就某事來說；從某個角度上看8be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事9react_to 串記1 對作出反應10deal_with 處理，對付11glare_at 怒視12cant_help_doing_sth. 禁不住做某事13to_be_honest 串記2 說實話14be_devoted_to 奉獻；致力于15pared_to 和比較起來16pick_up 撿起；接(人)；(無意間)學會； 好轉(zhuǎn)17accuse_sb.of_sth. 串記3 控告某人做某事同根短語串記串記1.“動詞to”短語薈萃turn to求助于；致力于 object to反對refer to談到；涉及；參閱 point to指向belong to屬于 stick to堅持；忠于see to處理；料理 e to共計；蘇醒react to對作出反應串記2.to短語作插入語to be honest說實話 to be frank坦白地說to begin with首先 to tell you the truth說實話to be brief簡單地說 to be sure無疑；誠然串記3.“v.sb.ofsth.”短語大團圓accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事cure sb. of sth. 治好某人某病remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事suspect sb. of sth. 懷疑某人某事rob sb. of sth. 搶劫某人某物inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事cheat sb. of sth. 騙取某人某物convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事1for the first time 第一次2be full of anxiety 充滿焦慮3do some revision 復習4sigh with relief 如釋重負5get along well 相處融洽6take a break 休息一下7go camping 去野營8fail the exam 考試不及格9win the petition 贏得比賽10to some extent 在某種程度上1It_is_generally_believed_that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.人們普遍認為高情商的人善于接受新觀念，對待生活持積極態(tài)度。2I really dislike_it_when he eats garlic for lunch.我真的不喜歡他午飯吃大蒜。3Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and thats_why the letter never arrived.可能郵政編碼錯了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。4I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the_more upset I got, the_less I was able to concentrate.我變得越來越心煩，當然，我越是感到心煩我就越難集中精力。學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞塊與句式1(2018全國卷閱讀D)Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the unfortable silence.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞匯)concentrated_on2(2018江蘇高考閱讀D)The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞匯)react_to3(2016天津高考閱讀D)Such startup fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞匯)deal_with高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞塊與句式(根據(jù)漢語及提示翻譯句子)1(2018全國卷書面表達)如果你已學會了用筷子，那么主人會喜歡。(it作形式賓語)The_host_will_like_it_if_you_have_learned_to_use_chopsticks._2(2017北京高考書面表達)那就是我認為長江之旅是較好選擇的原因。(thats why)Thats_why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_will_be_a_better_choice.3(2013湖南高考書面表達)一方面，我們認為友誼第一，比賽第二；另一方面，因為我們都已經(jīng)盡力了，所以我們不后悔。(on the other hand)On_the_one_hand,_we_think_that_friendship_es_first,_and_a_match_es_second._On_the_other_hand,_since_we_all_tried_our_best,_we_have_no_regret.(二)課堂重點釋疑短語集釋1talk sb. into doing sth.說服某人做某事記牢(1)talk sb. into doing sth.persuade/argue sb. into doing sth.persuade sb. to do sth.說服某人做某事talk sb. out of doing sth.persuade/argue sb. out of doing sth.persuade sb. not to do sth. 說服某人不做某事(2)talk of 談到，說到talk about 談論，議論練通單句語法填空Wang Lin talked his parents into sending (send) him to the famous middle school.I