2020版高考英語一輪復習 Unit 24 Society講義 北師大版選修8.doc

Unit 24 Society(一)課前自主學習.閱讀單詞知其意1inequality n不平等2abortion n. 墮胎，人工流產(chǎn)3household n. 一個家庭4currency n. 貨幣5taxpayer n. 納稅人6ownership n. 所有權7pension n. 退休金，養(yǎng)老金8pregnant adj. 懷孕的9format n. 格式10leisure n. 閑暇，空閑11framework n. 結構，構架12feast n. 盛宴，宴會13merchant n. 商人14collision n. 相撞15consumer n. 消費者.重點單詞寫其形1deposit vt. & vi. 存儲，儲蓄2burden n. 重擔，負擔3vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的4resign vt. & vi. 辭職5delete vt. 刪除6choke vi. 窒息，噎住7shrink vi. 縱聯(lián)1 (使)收縮，縮小8virtue n縱聯(lián)2 優(yōu)點，長處9skip vt. 跳過10cast vt. 投下11undertake vt. 著手做，從事12squeeze vt. 擠13fine n. 縱聯(lián)3 罰款14sentence n. 判決15abolish vt. 廢除16moreover adv. 縱聯(lián)4 再者，此外 17furthermore adv.縱聯(lián)4 此外，而且18homelessness n縱聯(lián)5 無家可歸19accumulate v. 積累20poster n. 海報.拓展單詞通其變1voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer v自愿做n.志愿者2abundant adj.大量的abundance n大量3signature n簽名sign v簽名；打手勢n.招牌；跡象；符號4govern vt.統(tǒng)治，管理governor n統(tǒng)治者，總督government n政府5adjustment n調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)adjust vt.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)vi.使適應6elect vt.選舉，推選election n選舉；當選；選擇權7merciful adj.寬大的，仁慈的mercy n寬容，仁慈8thirst n口渴thirsty adj.口渴的9consequently adv.所以，因此consequent adj.作為結果的；必然的consequence n結果，后果10resistance n反抗，抵制resist vi.& vt.抵(反)抗，抵制11robbery n搶劫rob vt.搶劫robber n搶劫犯12diverse adj.各種各樣的；不同的diversity n多種多樣；多樣性縱聯(lián)1.由shrink想到的動詞extend延伸；伸出 increase增加enlarge擴大；放大 expand擴大；膨脹decrease減少 reduce減少縱聯(lián)2.“virtue”相關詞匯小結optimism樂觀 modesty謙虛bravery勇敢，勇氣 justice正義 diligence勤勉 generosity慷慨縱聯(lián)3.“一詞多義”小聚fine n罰款 fail v衰退，衰弱engage vt.吸引 express n快車drive v迫使某人做不好的事 desert v拋棄，離棄caution v告誡，提醒縱聯(lián)4.“再者”過渡詞集錦moreover再者，此外 furthermore此外，而且besides況且，再說 in addition此外whats more更有甚者縱聯(lián)5.“ness”結尾的名詞homelessness無家可歸 uselessness無用，無效helplessness無能為力 hopelessness絕望sleeplessness失眠單元話題社會生活子話題1休閑場所store n商店 supermarket n超市mall n購物中心 cafeteria n自助餐廳cinema n電影院 bar n酒吧cafe n咖啡館，小餐廳子話題2商業(yè)管理與經(jīng)營invest v投資 export n&vt.出口import n&vt.進口 negotiation n協(xié)商，談判trade n貿(mào)易 increase n& vi.增加capital n資本 account n賬目finance n資金，財政，財務，金融decline n& vi.減少，下降，衰退學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應用1(2016北京高考閱讀B)In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根形容詞：voluntary，加黑詞除作名詞外，也可作動詞，意為自愿寫出加黑詞在本單元的同義名詞：leisure寫出加黑短語在本單元的同義詞：abundant，該同義詞可構成be_abundant_in_.，意為“在方面充裕”2(2016北京高考閱讀D)Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college munity (群體) differs from the family， many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and plex munity.寫出加黑詞的同根名詞在本單元的反義詞：inequality寫出加黑詞在本單元的同義詞：household寫出加黑詞的同根動詞在本單元的同義詞：govern，加黑詞的另一個名詞形式為administration3(2014陜西高考閱讀C)According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition， he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.寫出加黑詞在本單元的同義詞：consequently 寫出加黑詞在此處的漢語意思：擠出寫出加黑短語在本單元的同義詞：moreover/furthermore 高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2018浙江高考書面表達)以下是我的長處。首先，我能說一口流利的英語，所以我和以英語為母語的人交流沒有困難。(virtue)The_followings_are_my_virtues.First,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_so_I_have_no_difficulty_municating_with_native_speakers.2(2017全國卷書面表達)你知道中國有豐富的傳統(tǒng)藝術形式，剪紙是最受歡迎的藝術形式之一。(abundant)You_know_there_are_abundant_traditional_art_forms_in_China,_of_which_papercutting_is_one_of_the_most_popular.3(2016北京高考書面表達)在地球日的前一周，我們學校周圍張貼了海報，呼吁我們加入綠色地球的行動。(poster)A_week_before_Earth_Day,_posters_were_put_up_around_our_school,_calling_upon_us_to_join_in_the_actions_for_a_greener_earth. (二)課堂重點釋疑1burden n負擔，重擔 vt.(使)擔負(沉重或艱難的任務、職責等)記牢(1)a burden on/to .是的負擔bear (take on)/carry/reduce/share the burden 承受/擔負/減少/分擔重擔(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 裝載；使負擔be burdened with . 負重；為所累練通單句語法填空His invalid father is being a burden on/to him.Nowadays students are burdened (burden) with heavy homework.He took a parttime job in summer holiday to burden himself with his school fees.完成句子There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that Ill take_on/bear_the_burden.盡管前面會有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心勇挑重擔。寫美He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didnt have time to acpany his family.(過去分詞作狀語)Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didnt_have_time_to_acpany_his_family. 2undertake vt.著手做，從事，承擔；允諾，答應記牢undertaken./pron.承擔undertake to do . 著手做；答應做undertake that . 答應undertake for . 為負責練通單句語法填空The team will undertake for this experiment which is important to the whole countrys security.He undertook to_improve (improve) the working conditions and the workers were expecting it.句型轉(zhuǎn)換/完成句子Tony undertook that he would never make fun of his deskmate again.Tony undertook never to make fun of his deskmate again.We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a lowcarbon life, which is of great significance.我們應該承擔過低碳生活的責任，這意義重大。寫美(2014湖北高考書面表達)作為社會中的一員，我意識到為創(chuàng)造一個更美好的社會負責那是必須的。As_a_member_of_the_society,_I_am_aware_that_it_is_necessary_to_undertake_for_making_a_better_society.3abundant adj.大量的；豐富的；充裕的記牢(1)be abundant in be rich in富有；很豐富(2)abundance n. 豐富an abundance of 豐富的，許多的in abundance 大量；富裕練通完成句子The country has great potential in economy partly because it is_abundant_in natural resources.這個國家在經(jīng)濟方面有著巨大的潛力，部分是因為它有著豐富的自然資源。If you travel in China, you will see an_abundance_of ancient buildings.如果你到中國旅行的話，會看到很多古代的建筑。There is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in_abundance.我們對于原材料的需求日益增長，而有些荒野中就蘊藏著豐富的原材料。寫美(2016全國卷書面表達)此外，通過做兼職工作我能獲得豐富的經(jīng)驗，這樣我就能更好地適應社會的發(fā)展變化。Moreover,_by_doing_the_parttime_job_I_can_get_abundant_experience_so_that_I_can_better_adapt_to_the_development_and_changes_of_society.4resign vt.& vi.辭職，辭去；使順從記牢resign ones job/post/position辭去工作/職位resign from . 從辭職resign oneself to (doing) sth. 順從；使自己安于(做)某事resign as . 辭去當?shù)穆殑誶esign . to . 把托付給練通單句語法填空Mary resigned her pet dog to her neighbour while travelling abroad.Lots of young people resigned from the pany to the small cities because of the higher house price in the big cities.完成句子In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign_her_position_as_manager.為了照顧生病的母親，我朋友決定辭去公司經(jīng)理的職務。The team refused to resign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated.該隊不甘失敗。寫美(2014山東高考書面表達)雖然我渾身是汗并且很累，但我不想中途放棄。Although_I_was_sweating_all_over_and_became_very_tired,_I_didnt_want_to_resign_myself_to_giving_up_halfway.5elect vt.選舉，推選；選擇記牢(1)elect sb. to .選舉某人進入elect sb.as/to be . 選舉某人為elect to do sth. 選擇做某事(2)election n. 選舉；推舉；當選run for an election 參加競選練通單句語法填空They have a more than even chance of winning the next election (elect)It is said that only two students will be elected to_take (take) part in the ing English Contest.Before we elect him to parliament, we want to know what he stands for.完成句子He has already stated his intention to_run_for_the_election.他已聲明打算參加競選。寫美(2015陜西高考書面表達)我精通英語，以至于我被選為英語老師的助手。I_have_such_a_good_mand_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as/to_be_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.6sentence n& vt.判決；宣判；判刑記牢(1)serve a sentence服刑pass/give sentence on sb.給某人判刑 (2)sentence sb.to .給某人判刑(常用被動語態(tài))be sentenced to death/three years in prison 被判死刑/三年徒刑練通完成句子His family hope he will be allowed to return to the UK to serve_a_sentence.他的家人希望允許他回到英國服刑。The driver declared guilty was fined 25,000 and was_sentenced_to_3_years_in_prison.宣布有罪的那位司機被罰款25 000美元，被判入獄3年。Its reported that the judge passed_sentence_on the murderer on May 18.據(jù)報道，法官于5月18日宣布了對殺人犯的判決。寫美He has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)Having_served_his_sentence,_he_will_be_released_tomorrow.詞匯過關綜合訓練.單詞拼寫1The sad news cast (投射) a shadow over the proceedings.2Guests can deposit (寄存) their valuables in the hotel safe.3My sister tries to squeeze (擠) her feet into shoes that are too small.4To his disappointment, his name has been deleted (刪除) from the list.5Jack was sentenced (判刑) to six months in prison because of family violence.6The manager was forced to resign (辭職) his position after that serious accident.7The girl is only fifteen years old, but she has to be burdened (負擔) with her family.8Due to the heavy rain, there were many vacant (空的) seats in the theatre this evening.9It is said that their government has abolished (廢除；取消) ine tax for the lowpaid.10Its reported that this pany will undertake (承擔) the construction of the new subway.單句語法填空1He is a voluntary (volunteer) worker at the hospital.2He undertook to_contribute (contribute) 5,000 yuan to the earthquakestricken area.3The headmaster is merciful (mercy) to his employees.4This is a good district with abundant (abundance) fish and rice.5The nonsmoking policy was introduced with little resistance (resist) from staff.6She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequent), did well in school.7He accumulated (accumulation) a lot of experience in finance while he was working abroad.8You are more likely to acplish what you want if you know how to make necessary adjustments (adjust) in a new environment.9Its a fact that people from diverse (diversity) cultures often have difficulty understanding each other.10Police are investigating a series of bank robberies (rob) in South Wales.單句改錯1Because of a serious murder, he was sentenced to die.diedeath2As we all know, Shanxi Province is abundant with coal sources. within3I have to resign myself to stay at home again tonight. staystaying4He was elected to be a chairman of the Students Union at school. 去掉a5A volcano in Indonesia erupted on November; consequent，hundreds of people were killed. consequentconsequently.完成句子1She got off the bus, burdened_with_two_heavy_suitcases.她提著兩只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽車。2They undertook_to_finish the task by Monday.她們答應在星期一之前完成任務。3As is known to us, China is_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.眾所周知，中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品豐富。4The young man was_sentenced_to_six_years_in_prison for stealing too much money.那個年輕人因偷了太多錢而被判了六年徒刑。5Two members resigned_from_the_board in protest.董事會的兩名成員辭職以示抗議。(一)課前自主學習1e_into_being 形成，存在2wind_sb.up_ 故意惹惱某人3show_off 炫耀，夸耀4knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5break_into 闖入；突然開始(笑、唱等)6on_principle 串記1 根據(jù)原則7sentence_sb.to_death_ 判某人死刑8take_.seriously_ 認真對待9be_well/better_off 過得好/過得更好10above_all串記2 最重要的是；首先11do_away_with_ 串記3 廢除；擺脫，消滅12contribute_to 促進，有助于13play_an_important_role_in 在中起重要作用14to_start_with_ 首先15take_._into_account 考慮；注意，體諒16keep_an_eye_on 串記4 注意，留意同根短語串記串記1.“onn.”常用短語大全on principle根據(jù)原則 on average平均on purpose故意地 on show/exhibition在展出on sale出售 on business出差串記2.“首先”短語聚集above all first of allfirst and foremost to begin/start with串記3.do短語集匯do away with廢除；擺脫 do harm to對有害do ones best盡力 do ones duty盡職責do up重新整修 do without沒有也行串記4.聚焦eye短語keep an eye on 注意，留意have a good eye for 對有鑒賞眼光look sb.in the eye 直視(正視)某人catch ones eye 引起某人的注意1a huge adjustment 一個巨大的調(diào)整2keep control over the city 控制整個城市3be trapped in a spending circle 陷入一個消費圈子中4advertising aimed at children 針對兒童的廣告5put our signatures on credit cards在信用卡上簽名6change our money into different countries currencies把我們的錢換成不同國家的貨幣7sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings 睡在街上或空置的建筑物中8share the joy and sadness of everyday life 分享日常生活的快樂和悲傷1As a society, its_high_time_that_we_took these issues more seriously.作為整個社會來講，到了我們應該更加認真地考慮這些問題的時候了。2Id_rather you didnt mention that.我寧愿你沒有提及那一點。3What_if some married people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外情怎么辦？4They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.然后他們就可以在各個胡同路口設置哨兵，這樣更便于監(jiān)視人們的舉動。學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞塊與句式1(2015安徽高考完形)How did we bee a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.(用本單元短語替換加黑短語)Above_all/To_start_with2(2015重慶高考閱讀B)Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.(用本單元短語替換加黑單詞)keep_an_eye_on 高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞塊與句式(根據(jù)漢語及提示翻譯句子)1(2018北京高考書面表達)首先，熱烈歡迎你來北京學習，我相信你在北京的大學生活一定會很愉快。(to start with)To_start_with,_warmly_wele_to_Beijing_where_you_are_going_to_study,_and_I_am_sure_that_you_will_have_a_good_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.2(2016四川高考書面表達)夏天讓我充滿活力，我覺得我有力量做生活中最困難的事情。(make賓語賓語補足語)Summer_makes_me_full_of_energy_and_I_feel_I_have_the_strength_to_do_the_most_difficult_things_in_my_life.(二)課堂重點釋疑短語集釋1knock into sb.撞上某人記牢knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除knock at/on 敲(門、窗、墻等)knock out 撞出；敲擊knock off 減價；中斷，停止練通單句語法填空I knocked into an old friend of mine in the park.Be careful with the little trees, and dont knock them down/over.Please knock on/at the door before you e in next time.寫美(2015湖南高考書面表達)昨天下午，我和李明放學后一起回家。突然，我們看見一位老太太被一輛汽車撞倒了。Yesterday_afternoon,_Li_Ming_and_I_went_home_together_after_school.Suddenly_we_saw_an_old_lady_knocked_down_by_a_car.2show off炫耀，夸耀；賣弄；顯示記牢(1)show sb.(a)round/in/out帶領某人參觀/進來/出去show up 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be) on show(be) on display在展出練通完成句子Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off_his_new_car he usually walks.邁克開車來酒吧只是為了向大家炫耀他的新車，他通常是步行的。The headmaster showed_the_visitors_around_our_school yesterday.昨天校長帶領那些來賓參觀了我們的學校。A policeman put some chemicals on the piece of paper, and a line of words showed_up_clearly.一位警察在那張紙條上涂上一些化學藥品，一行字跡清晰地顯示出來了。A series of agricultural produce are_on_show in this exhibition.一系列的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在本次展覽會上展出。寫美(2014遼寧高考書面表達)所有的創(chuàng)意作品將于6月16日至18日在體育館展出。All_the_innovations_will_be_on_show_from_June_16_to_18_in_the_gym.3e into being形成，存在記牢e into existence開始存在，建立，產(chǎn)生e into effect/force 生效e into use 開始使用e into power 掌權e into sight/view 看見；進入視野e into fashion 開始流行練通單句語法填空When did the term of “newnew people” e into existence (exist)?The Irish Free State came into being (be) in 1922.The mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner.完成句子When did this word e_into_use?這個詞是什么時候開始使用的？The electric bike es_into_fashion because of its unique design.這種電動自行車因其獨特的設計而流行起來。When did the labour government e_into_power in the UK?在英國工黨政府什么時候執(zhí)政的？The new tax regulation will e_into_effect/force at the beginning of the new year.新稅法將在來年年初開始生效。寫美(2014湖南高考書面表達)因此，這種新型的鞋子是最近才出現(xiàn)的。 Therefore,_this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_e_into_being_recently.句式集釋1What if .?教材原句What_if some married people have affairs?悟拓展例句(1)(2018天津高考)What_if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in?如果他們長時間談論一幅你不感興趣的畫將怎么辦？(2)(2017天津高考)Michael was late for Mr. Smiths chemistry class this morning.How_e? As far as I know, he never came late to class.邁克爾今天上午在史密斯先生的化學課上遲到了。怎么會呢？據(jù)我所知，他上課從來不遲到的。(3)He is fifteen years younger than you!So_what?他比你小十五歲呢！那又怎么樣？析用法規(guī)則用法歸納What if .？ 如果將怎么辦？how e 是怎么回事，為什么So what? 那又怎么樣？注意事項(1)What if .可以看作What will happen if .？的省略形式；還可表示“即使又有什么關系”，看作是What does it matter if .的省略形式。(2)how e可以單獨出現(xiàn)在對話的語境中，也可以在how e后接語序完整的陳述句。背寫作佳句(1)(2018全國卷滿分作文)In your last letter, you asked me what if you were a guest to a Chinese friends home.Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.(開頭句)(2)(2017浙江高考滿分作文)However, what if you dont have spare time for this trip？(要點句)(3)(2017江蘇高考滿分作文)How e? We can stay at home and watch films online.Its convenient with our new and faster network.(要點句)2make賓語賓語補足語教材原句They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on peoples movements. 悟拓展例句(1)(2016江蘇高考)Smartphones make_it_easier_and_more_convenient to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.智能手機讓查看現(xiàn)實、觀看視頻片段、閱讀微博變得更容易、更方便。(2)People in the West make_it_a_rule_to_buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方國家的人在圣誕節(jié)時給親屬和朋友購買禮物已成為一個常規(guī)。(3)They didnt know the native language, so they couldnt make_themselves_understood.他們不懂當?shù)氐恼Z言，所以他們不能使當?shù)厝死斫庾约旱囊馑肌?4)Our English teacher often makes_us_retell the texts, which is beneficial to our English study.我們的英語老師經(jīng)常讓我們復述課文，這對我們的英語學習有益。析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)本句使用了“make賓語賓語補足語”結構。it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式短語to keep an eye on peoples movements。(2)在“make賓語賓語補足語”這一結構中，賓語補足語可以由名詞、形容詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式(不帶to)等來充當。背寫作佳句(1)(2014遼寧高考滿分作文)Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(要點句)(2)(2015全國卷滿分作文)Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.(總結句)詞塊、句式過關綜合訓練.選詞填空e into being， break into， above all， sentence sb.to death， on principle， do away with， be well off， wind sb.up， knock into sb.， show off1The judge sentenced him to_death for the murder.2The society today offers the young generation more chances to show_off their talent and skills.3Although he is not well_off,_he lives a happy life.4Nobody knows exactly when the universe came_into_being.5I knocked_into the star you had talked about in the town this morning.6He didnt mean to hurt her, but the way he winded_her_up made her unpleasant.7He was always late on_principle.His principle was that punctuality is the thief of time.8People thought that the use of robots would do_away_with boring lowpaid factory jobs.9I would like to rent a house, modern, fortable and above_all in a quiet neighbourhood.10Did I tell you about the time that a thief broke_into my hotel room?.完成句子/一句多譯1如果下周的數(shù)學考試我不及格怎么辦？What_if I fail the maths exam next week?2我記得我向你清楚表示過我不會來。I remember I made_it_quite_clear to you that I was not ing.3那是那位電影明星最后一次出現(xiàn)在公眾面前。It was the last time that the movie star had_shown_up_in_public.4我寧愿你暫時先不要采取什么措施。I_would_rather_you_didnt_do anything for the time being.5在街上走的時候我遇到了一位老朋友。I_knocked_into_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(knock)I_came_across_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(e)I_met_with_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(meet).分步寫作在學習、生活和工作中，學會與人合作是良好人際關系的具體體現(xiàn)，如何與人合作呢？請你根據(jù)下表中提供的信息，寫一篇題為“Being a Good Partner”的英文演講稿。為何合