2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 19 Language講義 北師大版選修7.doc

Unit 19 Language(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí).閱讀單詞知其意1explicit adj.明確的；清楚的2transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的3ambiguous adj. 模棱兩可的4certificate n縱聯(lián)1 證書；證明5petence n. 縱聯(lián)1 能力6diploma n. 畢業(yè)證書7stewardess n. 縱聯(lián)2 女乘務(wù)員8steward n縱聯(lián)2 男乘務(wù)員9amateur adj. 業(yè)余的.重點單詞寫其形1nationwide adv. 全國性地2thankful adj. 高興的；感謝的3attain vt. 達(dá)到；獲得4ensure vt. 縱聯(lián)3 保證，確保5accelerate vt.&vi. 加速6enlarge vt. 擴大7guarantee vt. 保證8inform vt. 告知；通知9resemble vt. 像；與相似10merely adv. 只；僅僅11purchase vt. 縱聯(lián)4 購買12fasten vt. 束緊13sincerely adv. 真誠地14register vt. 登記15adequate adj. 足夠的，充分的16punctual adj. 縱聯(lián)1 準(zhǔn)時的；守時的17theory n. 理論；學(xué)說18regulation n. 規(guī)則.拓展單詞通其變1accuracy n精確度，準(zhǔn)確度accurate adj.精確的，準(zhǔn)確的accurately adv.精確地2absence n不存在；缺乏；缺席absent adj.缺席的，不在場的3acquisition n(語言)習(xí)得acquire v獲取，得到4surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞surrounding adj.周圍的surroundings n環(huán)境5adjust vt.調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整adjustment n調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整6congratulate vt.祝賀congratulation n祝賀7negotiate vt.談判；協(xié)商negotiation n談判；協(xié)商8offence n冒犯；得罪offend v冒犯9approval n贊成；贊許；批準(zhǔn)approve vt.贊成10applicant n申請人apply vi.申請application n申請書11embarrass vt.使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人難堪的，令人窘迫的embarrassed adj.窘迫的embarrassment n窘迫，難堪12fluency n流利度，流暢度fluent adj.流利的，流暢的fluently adv.流利地縱聯(lián)1.想要一份工作需要什么？certificate證書；證明 petence能力diploma畢業(yè)證書 resume簡歷application申請書 interview面試punctual準(zhǔn)時的；守時的縱聯(lián)2.“男女有別”后綴是關(guān)鍵 縱聯(lián)3.前綴“en”/后綴“en”動詞知多少enrich使充實 enable使能夠enlarge擴大 ensure確保，擔(dān)保endanger使遭遇危險 entitle給命題enforce執(zhí)行，實施 fasten束緊widen加寬 broaden擴大縱聯(lián)4.與“購物”相關(guān)的名詞一覽discount折扣 customer顧客consumer消費者 purchase購買bargain便宜貨 cashier出納員refund退款單元話題語言學(xué)習(xí)子話題1語言學(xué)習(xí)的要點pronounce vt.發(fā)音 vocabulary n詞匯phrase n短語，詞組 expression n詞語，措辭idiom n成語，習(xí)語 grammar n語法sentence n句子 spell vt.拼寫子話題2語言學(xué)習(xí)的方法recite vt.背誦 retell vt.復(fù)述preview vt.預(yù)習(xí) review vt.復(fù)習(xí)practise vt.& vi.練習(xí) drill n& vi. 訓(xùn)練，操練refer to/consult a dictionary查字典子話題3語言的分類dialect n方言，土話 written English書面英語official language官方語言 spoken English英語口語學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1(2018全國卷完形)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：applicant寫出加黑單詞的形容詞：professional，寫出其形容詞在本單元的反義詞：amateur寫出加黑詞在本單元的同義詞：attain2(2015天津高考閱讀D)Boldness a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：acquisition選擇加黑詞的詞義：A.保證書B保證C抵押品_B_，用guarantee作動詞改寫加黑詞所在分句：boldness_in_itself_cant_guarantee_success寫出加黑詞在本單元的同義詞：petence，加黑詞所在短語beyond your ability意為超出你的能力3(2015北京高考閱讀C)Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear： for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process.When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.寫出加黑詞在本單元的近義詞：explicit寫出加黑詞在本單元的同根動詞：enlarge，該動詞的前綴為en，以en為前綴的常見動詞還有enrich,_enable,_encourage等寫出加黑詞在本單元的反義詞：transparent高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2018浙江高考書面表達(dá))我學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)10年了，我能說一口流利的英語，因此我能保證在向?qū)W生介紹中國的時候沒有困難。(fluency, ensure)Ive_learned_English_for_10_years,_and_I_can_speak_English_with_fluency,_so_I_can_ensure_that_I_have_no_trouble_introducing_China_to_students.2(2016全國卷書面表達(dá))我已經(jīng)寫好簡歷，但是由于是第一次作為申請人寫申請書，所以我給你寫信是希望你能給予我一些幫助。如果那樣的話我將不勝感激。(applicant, thankful)I_have_already_finished_my_resume.But_this_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_written_an_application_as_an_applicant,_so_Im_writing_to_you,_hoping_you_can_give_me_some_help.I_will_be_very_thankful_if_you_can_do_me_the_favor.3(2015江蘇高考書面表達(dá))事實上，交通規(guī)則是規(guī)章制度的一部分，與公眾秩序緊密相關(guān)。如果沒有它們，人們不可能享受到和諧，或者整個國家也會處于混亂中。但只有規(guī)則是不能保證一個有序的社會，只有人們服從規(guī)則才會變的重要。(regulation, guarantee)In_fact,_traffic_rules_are_part_of_the_rules_and_regulations_closely_related_to_public_order._Without_them,_people_could_not_enjoy_harmony_or_the_country_would_be_in_chaos._But_rules_alone_dont_guarantee_an_orderly_society._It_is_the_people_who_obey_the_rules_that_matter. (二)課堂重點釋疑1absence n不在，缺席；缺乏，沒有記牢(1)absence from .缺席；離開absence of mind 心不在焉in ones absence in the absence of sb. 在某人不在的時候(2)absent adj. 缺席的；茫然的absentminded adj. 心不在焉的be absent from 缺席；不存在；缺少練通單句語法填空The little girl often takes the responsibility to look after her young brother in the absence of her parents.It is because of a long absence (absent) from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.Hopefully，the robot like human beings will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.句型轉(zhuǎn)換Her absence from the meeting caused lots of doubts.That she was absent from the meeting caused lots of doubts.He acted as chairman in my absence.He acted as chairman in the absence of me.完成句子The mistake was made due to his absence_of_mind.他因心不在焉才犯了這個錯誤。While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to get absentminded.當(dāng)我們在WatchedPot Wait的時候，往往會心不在焉。寫美(2014北京高考書面表達(dá))我很遺憾地告訴你，因為我左腳受傷我可能缺席。Im_sorry_to_tell_you_that_I_can_be_absent_from_it,_because_my_left_foot_was_injured.2surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞；包圍記牢(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.用某人/某物包圍某人/某物be surrounded by/with sb./sth. 被某人/某物包圍(2)surrounding adj. 周圍的，附近的surroundings n. 周圍的事物；環(huán)境；氣氛練通單句語法填空The experiment is carried out to prove the earth is surrounded by/with a layer of air called the atmosphere.When I headed toward the centre, I found myself surrounded (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.Only if we take good care of the surrounding trees and rivers can we live in more fortable and beautiful surroundings.(surround)I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.用準(zhǔn)surroundings 意為“周圍的事物；環(huán)境；氣氛”時為復(fù)數(shù)形式。寫美(2018全國卷書面表達(dá))令我非常高興的是，一個漂亮的新體育場建成了，周圍環(huán)境優(yōu)美。To_my_great_joy,_a_wonderful_new_gymnasium_has_been_built_up_with_beautiful_surroundings_around_it.3inform vt.告知；通知記牢(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事inform sb.that . 告知某人(2)informed adj. 了解情況的；消息靈通的keep sb.informed of sth. 使某人知道某事(3)information nU 信息練通單句語法填空The Internet keeps us informed (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.The main thing is to inform the public about/of it so that people learn what is needed to be done.In fact, the aim of reading is to express the information (inform) you have got from the text.完成句子A month ago, our_teacher_informed_us_that we would take the test on April 12th.一個月前，老師通知我們4月12日考試。We try and keep_ourselves_informed_of current trends.我們設(shè)法隨時了解形勢的發(fā)展。寫美My cousin informed me of his return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family.(用復(fù)合句和現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)My_cousin_informed_me_that_he_would_return_this_Saturday_morning,_asking_me_to_pick_him_up_at_the_airport_with_his_family.4purchase vt.購買n.購買；購買力記牢(1)purchase sth.from sb.從某人那里買到某物(2)make a purchase 購買on special purchase 特價出售練通完成句子Many mercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button to encourage people to make_a_purchase.為了鼓勵人們購買，許多商業(yè)網(wǎng)站都有一個紅色的“現(xiàn)在就買”的按鈕。The equipment can_be_purchased_from your local supplier. 這種設(shè)備可以從您當(dāng)?shù)氐墓?yīng)商那里購買。These goods are on_special_purchase,_so the sooner the better.這些商品在特價銷售，所以越快購買越好。用準(zhǔn)make a purchase意為“購買”時，purchase為可數(shù)名詞，所以要加冠詞a。寫美(2018江蘇高考書面表達(dá))無論我在網(wǎng)上購買什么商品，我都傾向于參考消費評級。I_tend_to_consult_consumption_ratings_whatever_I_purchase_on_the_Internet.5embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尷尬；使為難記牢(1)It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth.做某事使某人窘迫(2)embarrassed adj. 難堪的，尷尬的be embarrassed at/about 對感到為難/尷尬embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，難堪to ones embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是練通單句語法填空One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment (embarrass)The more embarrassing (embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.He was embarrassed at/about being the centre of attention.He told a rather rude joke, and everyone present looked embarrassed (embarrass)完成句子It_embarrassed_me_to_meet the young man again, for I had misunderstood him.再次見到這個年輕人讓我感到尷尬，因為我誤會過他。Much_to_her_embarrassment,_she realized that everyone was staring at her.令她感到非常困窘的是，她意識到大家都在盯著她看。寫美She felt embarrassed by so much praise and rose from her seat and left quietly.(用過去分詞短語作狀語)Embarrassed_by_so_much_praise,_she_rose_from_her_seat_and_left_quietly.6resemble vt.像；與相似記牢(1)resemble sb./sth. in . 在方面與某人/物相似 (2)resemblance n. 相似練通完成句子She resembles her mother in_character but not in_appearance.她性格像她母親，但樣貌不像。The_resemblance_between_the_two_signatures was remarkable.兩個簽名的相似之處非常明顯。用準(zhǔn)resemble不能用于進行時，也沒有被動語態(tài)。寫美Looking at the photos that you have posted me, I am amazed that how closely you are similar to a famous star in appearance.(用resemble改寫)Looking_at_the_photos_that_you_have_posted_me,_I_am_amazed_that_how_closely_you_resemble_a_famous_star_in_appearance.7adequate adj.足夠的，充分的；勝任的記牢be adequate for 足夠，對來說是足夠的be adequate to (do) sth. 勝任(做)某事；足夠(做)某事練通單句語法填空A bit too old as he is, he is still adequate to the work.The information available on the Internet is adequate for our needs.Is your salary adequate to_support (support) your family？寫美(2018全國卷書面表達(dá))因此，你可以和朋友的家人一起準(zhǔn)備晚餐你不需要做任何事情，和他們在一起就足夠了。Thus,_you_can_join_your_friends_families_to_prepare_the_dinner_you_neednt_do_anything,_and_just_being_with_them_is_fair_adequate.8negotiate vt.談判；協(xié)商記牢(1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth.與某人商談某事(2)negotiation n. 談判；磋商，洽談under negotiation 在商談中練通單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換We have been negotiating with the manager for/about improving the salary.We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation (negotiate)He asked me to tell you that the contract was still being negotiated.He asked me to tell you that the contract was under negotiation.寫美(2017北京高考書面表達(dá))如果你是外國游客，那就和導(dǎo)游商量一下你在景區(qū)的住宿。If_youre_a_foreign_tourist,_you_will_negotiate_with_the_guide_about_your_acmodations_in_the_scenic_spot.9guarantee vt.保證；擔(dān)保n.保證；保證書；抵押品記牢(1)保證某人得到某物guarantee to do sth. 保證做某事be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事(2)under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi)give sb.a guarantee (that .) 向某人保證()練通單句語法填空I guarantee to_finish (finish) off my paper on time, no matter what happens.This kind of behaviour is guaranteed to_make (make) him angry.The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.完成句子Temporary extension of two years will guarantee_scientists_enough_time/guarantee_enough_time_to_scientists.臨時延長兩年將保證科學(xué)家有足夠的時間。Can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保證工作會按時完成嗎？用準(zhǔn)如果表示“保證某人做某事”，guarantee不能用于guarantee sb. to do .，只能用于guarantee to do .或guarantee that .。寫美(2018北京高考書面表達(dá))首先，我要對你表示最熱烈的歡迎，我保證你在北京的大學(xué)期間會有最難忘的經(jīng)歷。Firstly,_I_would_like_to_express_my_warmest_wele_to_you_and_I_guarantee_that_you_will_have_the_most_unforgettable_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.10adjust vt.調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整；整理vi.適應(yīng)辨清寫出下列句中adjust的含義The body can adjust itself to the change of temperature. 調(diào)節(jié)Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. 調(diào)整Once youve adjusted to your new independence you may find you can go further. 適應(yīng)記牢(1)adjust to 適應(yīng)于adjust sth. to sth. 調(diào)整以適應(yīng)adjust to (doing) sth. 適應(yīng)于(做)某事adjust oneself to . 使自己適應(yīng)于(2)adjustment n. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)make an adjustment/adjustments to . 對作出調(diào)整(3)adjustable adj. 可調(diào)節(jié)的，可調(diào)整的練通單句語法填空If you adjust to someone, the person will begin to feel that you are with him on the same wave.With the continuous changes of job market, I made adjustments (adjust) to my job expectations time and again.You should adjust your language to the age of your audience.A chair with adjustable (adjust) height is beneficial to your health.完成句子In the new term, most students adjusted_themselves_to_their_new_environment very quickly.在新學(xué)期，大多數(shù)學(xué)生很快使自己適應(yīng)了他們的新環(huán)境。I heard that the pany would make_an_adjustment_to_your_salary.我聽說公司將對你的薪金作出調(diào)整。用準(zhǔn)在adjust to .中，to為介詞，后面要跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。寫美(2014天津高考書面表達(dá))然而，雖然天氣、食物與你以往有所不同，我相信你會很快適應(yīng)的。However,_I_think_that_you_will_quickly_adjust_to_the_weather_and_the_food_although_they_are_different_from_yours.11congratulate vt.祝賀；慶賀；恭喜記牢(1)congratulate sb. on就向某人祝賀 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.感到自豪；暗自慶幸；為自己高興(2)congratulation n. 祝賀；恭喜offer/send ones congratulations to sb.(on sth.) (為某事)向某人表示祝賀練通單句語法填空The manager congratulated the employees on their great efforts.I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.完成句子/一句多譯我由衷地為自己有這么知識淵博的父母而感到高興。I heartily congratulate_myself_on having such profound parents.我們祝賀你們通過了高考。We congratulate_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulate)We offer_our_congratulations_to_you_on_your_passing the College Entrance Examination.(congratulation)用準(zhǔn)congratulate“祝賀；道賀”，只能用人作賓語，若要表明所祝賀的事情，后面要用on/upon連接，構(gòu)成congratulate sb. on/upon sth.celebrate舉行儀式、典禮的“慶?！保荒苡檬?節(jié)日、勝利、成功等)作賓語寫美(2017天津高考書面表達(dá))我為自己成為8月底在天津舉辦的第13屆全運會志愿者而感到自豪。I_congratulate_myself_on_being_a_volunteer_of_the_13th_National_Games_held_in_Tianjin_at_the_end_of_August.詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練.單詞拼寫1If you witness the accident, please inform (通知) the police.2His prehensive surveys have provided the most explicit (清楚的) statements.3Exposure to the sun can accelerate (加快) the ageing process.4He was absent (缺席的) from the party yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.5Police will have the pictures enlarged (擴大) in an attempt to identify the thief.6After discussing it with my teacher, I made a few adjustments (調(diào)整) to my original design.7They agreed to go merely (僅僅) because they were getting paid for it.8The couple was very thankful (感謝的) and praised him for his honesty.9I appreciate your hard work, but I can not give you a guarantee (保證) that you will surely get promoted.10An evening party was held to congratulate (祝賀) my classmate on his winning the English contest.單句語法填空1Was your knowledge of the languages adequate for the job?2Its difficult to tell the plant from others because it resembles grass in appearance.3We must think twice before we decide to make a purchase on the Internet.4We negotiated with the school administration about the tuition increase.5The whole family congratulated Jack on being admitted to the key university.6The cell phone will be repaired free when it is under guarantee without human damage.7Surrounded (surround) by a lake, the building looks very beautiful under the lights at night.8If she wants to settle in an Englishspeaking country, she must adjust herself (her) to English life.9As a monitor, I would keep you informed (inform) of what happened in the classroom every day.10It is rather embarrassing (embarrass) that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.單句改錯1Our coach is negotiating to the headmaster for the use of their gym. towith2The boy is poor, to whom love was totally absent of his childhood. offrom3She was always calm and never seemed embarrassing. embarrassingembarrassed4You must measure the length accurate in order to get the number. accurateaccurately5It keeps us informing of what has happened both national and international news. informinginformed.完成句子1The trade agreement is still under_negotiation among members of WTO.世貿(mào)組織的成員國之間正在討論這個商業(yè)協(xié)定。2The manager required that he (should)_be_informed_of_the_latest_developments.經(jīng)理要求把最新的進展情況通知他。3It made his boss angry that he_was_absent_from_the_meeting so many times.他多次缺席會議使他的老板很生氣。4We offered/sent_our_congratulations_to_him_on his success in business.我們祝賀他生意興隆。5Much_to_her_embarrassment,_all of her friends refused to go to her birthday party.令她非常尷尬的是，她所有的朋友都拒絕參加她的生日聚會。(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)1keep_in_mind 串記1記住2be_aware_of 意識到，覺察到，明白3rely_on 依靠；依賴4adjust_.to_. 調(diào)整以適應(yīng)5on_purpose串記2 故意地6regardless_of 不管；不顧7on_the_other_hand 另一方面8get_ahead 取得成功；獲得進步9take_the_form_of 以的形式出現(xiàn)(存在)10inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事11consist_of 串記3 由組成/構(gòu)成12catch_on 學(xué)會；受歡迎13congratulate_sb._on_sth. 就某事向某人祝賀14I_bet 我肯定15more_than串記4 不僅僅；超過16stand_out 出色；突出同根短語串記串記1.mind短語個個清make up ones mind 下決心 bear/keep in mind 記住change ones mind 改變主意e to mind 突然記起或想到串記2.“故意地”相關(guān)詞匯知多少purposely adv. 故意地，蓄意地deliberately adv. 有意地，故意地intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地by design 故意地，有意地on purpose 有目的地，有意地串記3.盤點“組成”短語consist of make upbe made up of be posed of串記4.與than有關(guān)的短語more than 超過；不止；不僅僅是no more than 僅僅；只不過not more than 至多；不超過other than 除了rather than 不愿；而不是more .than . 比更less than 少于1jump for joy 歡呼雀躍2be in a state of unrest 處于不安的狀態(tài)3the school curriculum 學(xué)校課程4outside of the classroom 課外5an Englishspeaking country 一個講英語的國家6make a circle with his fingers 用他的手指做一個圈7a native language environment 本地語言環(huán)境8share a mon spoken language 分享共同的語言9speak English as a second language 把英語作為第二語言1It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在18世紀(jì)人們就預(yù)測，有一天英語將成為全球性語言，并且在過去的幾十年中它已得到了證明。2Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.不管是說還是寫，高質(zhì)量的輸入確保高質(zhì)量的輸出。3Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.第三，你們說我只要預(yù)付款就有折扣。學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞塊與句式1(2018天津高考完形)Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were depending on me. I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞匯)relying_on2(2018北京高考閱讀A)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about petition or whether or not I was athletic.(用本單元短語升級加黑詞匯)was_aware_of高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞塊與句式(根據(jù)漢語及提示翻譯句子)1(2018天津高考書面表達(dá))如果您能在收到培訓(xùn)計劃后在郵件中提出您的寶貴建議，我們也非常高興。(provided that引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)We_are_also_very_pleased_provided_that_you_can_give_your_valuable_advice_when_you_receive_the_training_program_in_your_email.2(2014湖南高考書面表達(dá))我設(shè)計的是鋼筆。一方面，它很容易攜帶。另一方面，它不僅用于寫作，也用于其他重要方面。(on the other hand)I_design_my_pen.On_the_one_hand,_its_easy_to_carry.On_the_other_hand,_its_used_not_only_for_writing_but_also_for_other_important_aspects. (二)課堂重點釋疑 短語集釋1catch on學(xué)會；受歡迎，流行起來；(與to連用)理解；被接受辨清寫出下列句中catch on的含義He is very quick to catch on to things. 理解If only this idea could catch on, we should be able to make quite a lot of money out of it.被