高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Module1 Unit 1 School life(2)課件 牛津譯林版(湖南專(zhuān)用)
Module1 Unit1 School life(2)13、approve vt. 同意;許可;對(duì)同意;許可;對(duì)表示認(rèn)可表示認(rèn)可 vi. 贊成,贊同贊成,贊同F(xiàn)ather approved our plan to visit New York. 父親同意了我們參觀紐約的計(jì)劃。 approve of sb./sth. 同意某人或某事 disapprove vt. 不同意,不贊成disapproval n. 不同意,不贊成14、charge n. 價(jià)錢(qián);控制;責(zé)任;照看,指控價(jià)錢(qián);控制;責(zé)任;照看,指控 v. 要要價(jià),收費(fèi);控訴;價(jià),收費(fèi);控訴;(公開(kāi)公開(kāi))指責(zé);命令;使充電;向前沖指責(zé);命令;使充電;向前沖 i n / have charge of 掌管charge sb.money (for sth./ to do sth.) (因?yàn)槟澄?做某事)向某人索價(jià)/收費(fèi)be charged with 被指控犯有罪charge sb. with 指控某人;賦予某人職責(zé)(或任務(wù))take charge (of) 開(kāi)始掌控/負(fù)責(zé)某事in / under the charge of 在的掌管下/由照看free of charge 免費(fèi)Whats the charge for? 的費(fèi)用是多少?Whos in charge around here? 這兒誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)?The grocer charged me too much for the apples I bought. 這個(gè)食雜店老板賣(mài)給我的蘋(píng)果索價(jià)太高了。She was charged with stealing a car. 她被指控偷了一輛小汽車(chē)。Does your car battery charge easily? 你那輛汽車(chē)的蓄電池容易充電嗎?charge尤指為提供某種服務(wù)而收取的費(fèi)用,指賣(mài)方開(kāi)出的價(jià)錢(qián)。cost一般指已花費(fèi)或?qū)⒁ㄙM(fèi)的總數(shù),尤指“成本”,包括錢(qián)、時(shí)間和勞力。expense主要是“花費(fèi)”、“開(kāi)支”之意,如:current expenses “日常開(kāi)支”,selling expenses “銷(xiāo)售費(fèi)用”,travelling expenses “旅行費(fèi)”等。price意為“價(jià)格,價(jià)錢(qián);代價(jià)”,作為“費(fèi)用”解時(shí)指買(mǎi)某件東西所需要的費(fèi)用或在酒店中的房租。fare用于乘飛機(jī)、火車(chē)、公共汽車(chē)等旅行的費(fèi)用。fees(復(fù)數(shù))專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù)、課程等的費(fèi)用。rent通常指房租;租/雇用汽車(chē)的花費(fèi)是rental。Din charge of 掌管;in/under the charge of 在的掌管下。 Who is in _charge of the factory? It is in _ charge of my brother. A. the; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; theDin charge of 掌管;in/under the charge of 在的掌管下。Ken . Ken明天開(kāi)始負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)部門(mén)。根據(jù)句意填詞One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _. The man they arrested last night has been charged _ murder. The restaurant _ us $40 for the wine.Your order will be delivered free of _ within a tenmile limit. expenses句意:每月1000千美元并不是一筆大財(cái)富,但也足夠幫助支付我的生活開(kāi)支了。with句意:昨晚他們逮捕的那人被控犯有謀殺罪。charged句意:飯店收了我們40美元的酒水錢(qián)。charge句意:在10英里范圍以?xún)?nèi),您的訂貨將免費(fèi)送貨上門(mén)。1、 for free 免費(fèi)地,相當(dāng)于免費(fèi)地,相當(dāng)于free of charge, without payment He got the tickets for free. 他免費(fèi)弄到了這些票。free adj. 自由的; 空閑的; 不收費(fèi)的 adv. 免費(fèi)地freely adv. 免費(fèi)地;自由地,無(wú)拘無(wú)束地;自愿地He freely admitted his failure. 他心甘情愿地承認(rèn)了自己的失敗。請(qǐng)猜測(cè)下列句中free的具體含義A. 自由的B. 空閑的C. 不收費(fèi)的Will you be free at the weekend? I want to invite you to a party. ()Sign the form, and you will get a free gift. ()He was no longer a slave, but a free man. ()BCA2、for example 例如, 舉例來(lái)說(shuō)For example, John has the same opinion. 例如,約翰也持相同的觀點(diǎn)。Some students, for example, Tom, live in the neighborhood. 有些學(xué)生,例如湯姆,也住在附近地區(qū)。這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都有“例如”之意,通常用來(lái)舉例。for example作為獨(dú)立語(yǔ)插入句中,它的位置很靈活,可用在所舉的例子(一般是一個(gè))的前面或后面。such as用來(lái)列舉事物(一類(lèi)),放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間,as之后不可有逗號(hào)。A lot of us want to leave now for example, Bill. 我們中有許多人想離開(kāi),例如比爾。He knows several foreign languages, such as English,F(xiàn)rench and German. 他懂幾門(mén)外語(yǔ),如英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)。Noise, _, is a kind of pollution.A. such as B. take for exampleC. like D. for exampleD3、 know of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)或讀到某人/某事/知道某人,某事的存在I knew of it long ago.我很久以前就聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)此事。I know of him, but I cant really say that I know him.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他,可是我不能說(shuō)我認(rèn)識(shí)他。know 表示直接地“認(rèn)識(shí)”“知道”具體的人或事。know of 表示間接地“了解”“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”“知道有關(guān)的情況”。know about 與know of意義相同,但about有時(shí)表示了解的情況更多,更詳細(xì)。 be known as作為而出名be known for因而出名He is known as a writer. 作為一名作家,他非常有名。Weifang is known for the kite. 濰坊因?yàn)轱L(fēng)箏而出名。 Do you _ Mr. Smith? No, I just _ him. A. know; know B. know of; know about C. know; know of D. know about; knowCknow of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò);know sb.熟悉某事,了解某人。4、pay attention to 注意(to為介詞)You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你應(yīng)該多注意你的發(fā)音。He talked loudly, but no one paid him any attention. 他大聲喧嘩,但是沒(méi)有人注意他。B題意表示“孩子們的注意力突然被吸引到那個(gè)過(guò)路人身上”,可用draw attention to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。句子中who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句含有had和wore兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,都需用過(guò)去時(shí),因此答案選B。The childrens attention was suddenly _ the passerby who had a funny hat on and _ strange clothes. A. drawing to; wearing B. drawn to; wore C. drawn; wearing D. drawing; woreDpay attention to中的to是介詞,后面通常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;get sth. ready 把準(zhǔn)備好。Pay attention to _ everything ready before dark. A. get B. make C. making D. gettingHe also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.他還告訴我們最好的贏得尊敬的辦法是全身心地投入學(xué)習(xí)之中并獲得高分。(1)way表示“方法、途徑”時(shí)常用不定式或of后加動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ),有時(shí)用that或in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,且in which可以省略。Farmers thought of ways to protect their chickens. 農(nóng)民們想辦法來(lái)保護(hù)小雞。Mr. Wang has a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 王先生有一種奇特的方法使他的課堂生動(dòng)、有趣。(2)to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades為并列不定式作表語(yǔ)。To see is to believe.(或Seeing is believing.) 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。My hope is to become an excellent teacher. 我的理想是成為一名優(yōu)秀教師。B句意:你想出的完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的方法是可行的。The way _ you thought _ the task is possible. A. that; finishing B. which; of finishing C. how; to finish D. how; of finishing in whichI dont think the way _ _ you speak to your parents is right.1. Dearn ones living 自謀生計(jì)。1You are old enough to _ your own living.(2011遼寧) A. win B. gain C. take D. earn2. Dabove average 在平均水平以上。根據(jù)前后句意可知。2He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.(2011天津) A. below B. of C. on D. above3. D句意:臨床證據(jù)不斷增加,表明那些新的藥物有著比由動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中預(yù)測(cè)到的更廣泛的用途。3Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. (2011湖北) A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate4. A根據(jù)this summer,可知用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。4. Guess what, weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. How nice! You _ a different culture then. (2010福建) A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced冠詞 英語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表特指,意思相當(dāng)于this(these)/ that(those)的前位限定詞the是定冠詞。 a(n)與數(shù)詞one 同源, 常表類(lèi)別,被修飾詞具有不確定的含義,是“其中一個(gè)”的意思。a用于輔音音素前, 而an則用于元音音素前。a/an為不定冠詞。一、定冠詞the在下列情形中使用1表示第二次提及或雙方都知道的人或物。2表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體。3用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面, 表示某一類(lèi)人或事物。4用于形容詞、分詞前, 表示一類(lèi)人。5用于序數(shù)詞及形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前。6和姓氏復(fù)數(shù)連用,表“一家人”或“夫婦二人”。7放在“海洋、河流、島嶼、山系、沙漠及由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)名”前。8放在娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所或媒體前。9放在賓館前。10放在報(bào)紙前。 11放在大型的組織機(jī)構(gòu)及其縮略語(yǔ)前。12放在人名前加以強(qiáng)調(diào)和特指。13表示發(fā)明物。14放在西洋樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前。15用于“打/擊/牽/拉的動(dòng)詞人介詞定冠詞身體的部位”句式。16表示具體某年的某個(gè)季節(jié)或月份,季節(jié)或月份前需用定冠詞。二、不定冠詞常用于下列情形中1當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí), 用a(n)表示不確定的某個(gè)人或物,兼有類(lèi)別和數(shù)量的含義。2可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)第二次出現(xiàn),但前面有形容詞,仍然用a(n)修飾名詞,表達(dá)“受限制”的新概念。3用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前, 代表一類(lèi)人或事物, 相當(dāng)于any。4用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前, 相當(dāng)于one, per或every,表頻率。5. a(n)用于be of n.結(jié)構(gòu),說(shuō)明事物具有同一屬性,相當(dāng)于the same,表示“相同”的意思。6用于固定搭配。7物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前用a/an,表示種類(lèi)。8人名前用a(n),表示說(shuō)話者不熟悉的人,相當(dāng)于“a certain”。9表示與某名人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事物。10用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前,表示數(shù)量。11序數(shù)詞前面加不定冠詞a(n)表示“再一,又一”之意,數(shù)字的順序意義淡化。12. 形容詞最高級(jí)前加不定冠詞a(n)表示“十分,非?!敝?,最高級(jí)意義淡化。三、不用冠詞的情形如下1在抽象名詞前不用。2家庭成員大寫(xiě)時(shí),其前不用冠詞。3表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職銜的名詞作主補(bǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí),不用冠詞。4在不含普通名詞,而由專(zhuān)有名詞組成的國(guó)名前不用。但由普通名詞組成的國(guó)名前要用冠詞。如“the Peoples Republic of China”。5當(dāng)山(mount)置于山名前時(shí)。6在一日三餐前不用冠詞。7在球類(lèi)活動(dòng)前不用冠詞。8當(dāng)bed, church, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university表達(dá)與場(chǎng)所有關(guān)的抽象意義而不強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)意義時(shí)不用冠詞。9名詞后面跟數(shù)字,表順序時(shí)。如:Lesson 3the third lesson10用Day表達(dá)的節(jié)日前不用冠詞,但用Festival表達(dá)的節(jié)日前通常加the, 如“the Spring Festival”。11季節(jié)前不用冠詞。但指具體某一年的季節(jié)要用定冠詞, 如:The winter of 2008 was quite cold.12在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞通常不用冠詞。13在turn和go之后的單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。但become之后要用冠詞,如:He has become a CEO in a company now.14“by名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表通訊,交通方式,名詞用單數(shù),且前面不用冠詞。15. 在對(duì)稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前不用冠詞。16. 兩個(gè)名詞并列表示同一概念時(shí),第二個(gè)名詞不用冠詞。 高考湖南卷的冠詞常放到完形填空二,也就是Section C中考查,且每年必考一題,分值為1.5分。其考查以不定冠詞,尤其是an為主。這是因?yàn)槎ü谠~the??膳c人稱(chēng)代詞its, his, her等混淆,造成答案不唯一。1不定冠詞an用在元音前, a用在輔音前。需要注意的是,不能以單詞開(kāi)頭是元音字母或輔音字母為判斷依據(jù),因?yàn)樵糇帜赣锌赡馨l(fā)輔音,輔音字母有可能發(fā)元音。單獨(dú)提及英語(yǔ)字母,其中有11個(gè)字母前用不定冠詞時(shí)要用an: Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Ff, Hh, Ll, Mm, Nn, Ss, Xx。注意:元音字母Uu不在此列。以eight或8開(kāi)頭的數(shù)字前用不定冠詞時(shí),要用an。如an 8yearold boy等。以元音字母u開(kāi)頭的單詞前,要根據(jù)該字母的具體發(fā)音而定。如: a university student和an ugly woman等。另外,以ho開(kāi)頭的單詞也是同樣,如:an hour等。2常考含不定冠詞的短語(yǔ)a great deal of a number ofall of a sudden once upon a timein a flash after a whilehave a cold have a resthave a break have a tryhave a look have a facetell a lie do a good deed2??己欢ü谠~的短語(yǔ)in a hurry at a speed ofmake a face keep a diarymake a living in a rushgo for a walk as a result ofhave a word with sb. once in a whileat a distance have a hard timein a short while have a good timeas a matter of fact have a stomachache3定冠詞用法口訣沙漠河流與群山,列島海峽與海灣。階級(jí)黨派國(guó)家名,組織團(tuán)體和機(jī)關(guān)。方位朝代獨(dú)一詞,會(huì)議文件和報(bào)刊。木器建筑海洋群,定冠詞可不能刪。姓氏復(fù)數(shù)國(guó)全名,特指重提和唯一,方位順序和樂(lè)器,打中部位最高級(jí)。4??己ü谠~的短語(yǔ)in the middle of at the same timeat the moment the other dayat the end of the day after tomorrowtake the place of in the beginningat the beginning of on the other side ofon the contrary by the end ofat the end of in the form ofin the habit of in the endon the radio on the phoneat the back of on the airat the corner of all over the worldon the other hand in the least5冠詞的位置(下列情形可以考慮填冠詞)一般來(lái)說(shuō),冠詞位于名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的最前面。the last few days 最后幾天在“so/as/too/how形容詞a(n)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,冠詞置于so/as/too/how修飾的形容詞之后。 It is so good a film that all the students will go to see it.這部電影很好,所有的學(xué)生都想去看。冠詞位于such, what, many, not much of等詞之后。He has never written such an interesting book as that.他從未寫(xiě)過(guò)像那本一樣有趣的書(shū)。冠詞用于quite, rather之后,但另有形容詞修飾時(shí),冠詞位于quite與rather的前后皆可。He is quite a man.他真是男子漢。It is a rather/rather a hot day.天很熱。當(dāng)名詞前有all, both, double, exactly, just等詞修飾時(shí),定冠詞the應(yīng)位于這些修飾詞之后,名詞之前。I have sent both the letters by air mail.我把兩封信都用航空郵件寄出去了。1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 此題容易誤選D,認(rèn)為最高級(jí)前用定冠詞才是最佳的。其實(shí)此題最佳答案為A,該句可視為是下面這句的省略形式:I have never heard a better voice than her voice. 全句句意為“她唱得多好??!我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)這么好的聲音”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆韵骂?lèi)似的實(shí)例:He is fine, never better.他很好,比以往任何時(shí)候都好。Ive never seen a finer bird.我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)比這更美的鳥(niǎo)(即這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最美的鳥(niǎo))。Ive never found a better job.這是我找到的最好的工作。比較以下試題,情形也大致相同:Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest B句意為“我懷疑班上有沒(méi)有哪個(gè)人比他智商更高”,即“我認(rèn)為他可能是班上智商最高的”?!癆re you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldnt have been _.” A. better B. worse C. more D. less B關(guān)鍵是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境,Not at all.為 I am not satisfied at all with his answer. 之省略,即表示“我對(duì)他的回答一點(diǎn)也不滿意”,既然如此,回答語(yǔ)當(dāng)然會(huì)是couldnt have been worse(不可能更糟)。2. _ is his favorite subject, but he doesnt know _ for “gongzuo”A. English; EnglishB. The English; the English C. English; the EnglishD. The English; English C 此題容易誤選A,認(rèn)為表示語(yǔ)言的名詞前是不用冠詞的。的確,英語(yǔ)中表示語(yǔ)言或表示學(xué)科的語(yǔ)言名詞前習(xí)慣上不加冠詞,但是它若表示語(yǔ)言中的對(duì)應(yīng)詞語(yǔ)時(shí),則其前習(xí)慣上要用定冠詞, 又如:Whats the Chinese for “work”(work 用漢語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō))?另外,在 the English language, the French language 這類(lèi)帶有 language 的表達(dá)中也通常要用冠詞。順便說(shuō)一句,語(yǔ)言名詞前習(xí)慣上不用物主代詞,所以“誰(shuí)教你們的英語(yǔ)”不能譯為 Who teaches your English? 而應(yīng)譯為 Who teaches you English?(此句 teach 后接的 you 和 English 為雙賓語(yǔ)) 但是,當(dāng)表示語(yǔ)言的名詞表示某人使用語(yǔ)言的能力和水平時(shí),則可用物主代詞,如可說(shuō) My English is very poor.